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  • Day2 CSE101 L2

    Lecture 2

    Input-Process-Output Model :Input data --> Process -->Output data

    1.     Thiswas an essential scheme of the von Neumann model.

    2.     Three componentsrequired for this model: Hardware, Software, Data that is being manipulated.

    Hardware:

     Central Processing Unit (CPU) 中央处理器:an active part which performscalculations and other operations.

     Main memory (primary storage), or RAM (random access memory)随机存取存储器holds data and programs for access by CPU.

      Secondarystorage二级存储器: --Long-term storage –Holds programsand data –Hard disk硬盘, CD, DVD

     Input devices: keyboard键盘, mouse鼠标,scanner扫描仪

     Output devices: monitor显示屏, speaker扬声器,printer打印机

    Software:

      Difference: --Hardware (e.g.CPU): can carry out only very simple operations操作 likeadding number, but it run very quickly.

               --Software: can performuseful tasks, which are combined in the form of programs.

    Machineinstructions机器指令: are executedin the CPU. Every CPU has its ownfixed instruction set (100-200 instructions). In different CPUs, sets aresimilar, but there is no standard set.

    High Level Programming Languages (HLLs)高级程序设计语言:  1. Are more suitable for programming 2. The programsin HLL still have to be translated to the machine codes.

    The von Neumann Model·诺依曼模型:

          Idea:The computer is a general-purpose machine通用机器 controlled by an executableprogram可执行程序

         Context: 1. A program is a list of instructions used to direct指挥 a task.   

    2.Both program and dataare held in computer’s memory and both represented by binary codes

           3.Model’s main point: memory isre-writeable.

            4. A processor处理器is an active part of the machine thatexecutes the program instructions.


           

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sriting/p/6031989.html
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