前端时间，有个同事离职了。然后在交接的过程中，数据库文档的缺乏一直是我心中的一个梗。然后就花了些时间写了个小工具。先上效果吧。
界面效果：
因为视图、存储过程、函数、触发器的描述在数据库里是找不到的，所以我是新建了个数据库专门用来存放这些描述（默认第一次的时候函数的描述基本都是空的，之后从数据库中去取）
下面放一些关键的SQL代码：
获取某个数据库里的所有表：
1 select newid() as Id,isnull(f.value,'') as Remark,'Table' as ObjectType, 2 Row_Number() over ( order by t.id ) as SortId,t.id as ObjectId,t.name as ObjectName,'' as Contents 3 from sysobjects as t left outer join sys.extended_properties f on t.id = f.major_id 4 and f.minor_id = 0 where t.xtype = 'U' AND t.status >= 0 and t.name<>'sysdiagrams'
获取某个数据库里的所有表字段：
1 SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT 2 newid() as Id, 3 d.id as ColumnsObjectId, 4 d.name as ColumnsObjectName, 5 a.id as ColumnsId, 6 a.name AS ColumnsName, 7 b.name AS ColumnsType, 8 a.length AS ColumnsLength, 9 ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS DecimaPlaces, 10 CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '是' ELSE '' END AS Mark, 11 CASE WHEN EXISTS 12 (SELECT 1 FROM dbo.sysindexes si 13 INNER JOIN dbo.sysindexkeys sik ON si.id = sik.id AND si.indid = sik.indid 14 INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns sc ON sc.id = sik.id AND sc.colid = sik.colid 15 INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects so ON so.name = si.name AND so.xtype = 'PK' 16 WHERE sc.id = a.id AND sc.colid = a.colid) THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS Primarykey, 17 CASE WHEN a.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS IsEmpty, 18 ISNULL(e.text, '') AS Defaults, 19 ISNULL(g.[value], '') AS ColumnsRemark, 20 a.colorder AS ColumnsSortId 21 FROM dbo.syscolumns a 22 LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.systypes b ON a.xtype = b.xusertype 23 INNER JOIN dbo.sysobjects d ON a.id = d.id AND d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0 24 LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.syscomments e ON a.cdefault = e.id 25 LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties g ON a.id = g.major_id AND a.colid = g.minor_id AND g.name = 'MS_Description' 26 LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties f ON d.id = f.major_id AND f.minor_id = 0 AND f.name = 'MS_Description' 27 ORDER BY d.name, ColumnsSortId
获取外键：
1 SELECT b.rkey as ColumnsId, 2 (SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE colid=b.rkey AND id=b.rkeyid) as ColumnsName, 3 b.rkeyid as TabaleId,OBJECT_NAME(b.rkeyid) as TableName 4 ,b.fkey as ForeignKeyId 5 ,(SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE colid=b.fkey AND id=b.fkeyid) as ForeignKeyName, 6 b.fkeyid as ForeignKeyTableId 7 ,object_name(b.fkeyid) AS ForeignKeyTableName 8 ,ObjectProperty(a.id,'CnstIsUpdateCascade') as CnstIsUpdateCascade 9 ,ObjectProperty(a.id,'CnstIsDeleteCascade') as CnstIsDeleteCascade 10 FROM sysobjects a 11 join sysforeignkeys b on a.id=b.constid 12 join sysobjects c on a.parent_obj=c.id 13 where a.xtype='f' AND c.xtype='U' 14 and b.rkeyid in (select id from sysobjects as d where d.xtype = 'U' AND d.status >= 0 )
获取索引：
1 WITH tx AS 2 ( 3 SELECT a.object_id 4 ,b.name AS schema_name 5 ,a.name AS table_name 6 ,c.name as ix_name 7 ,c.is_unique AS ix_unique 8 ,c.type_desc AS ix_type_desc 9 ,d.index_column_id 10 ,d.is_included_column 11 ,e.name AS column_name 12 ,f.name AS fg_name 13 ,d.is_descending_key AS is_descending_key 14 ,c.is_primary_key 15 ,c.is_unique_constraint 16 FROM sys.tables AS a 17 INNER JOIN sys.schemas AS b ON a.schema_id = b.schema_id AND a.is_ms_shipped = 0 18 INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS c ON a.object_id = c.object_id 19 INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS d ON d.object_id = c.object_id AND d.index_id = c.index_id 20 INNER JOIN sys.columns AS e ON e.object_id = d.object_id AND e.column_id = d.column_id 21 INNER JOIN sys.data_spaces AS f ON f.data_space_id = c.data_space_id 22 where a.name<>'sysdiagrams' 23 ) 24 SELECT 25 Drop_Index = CASE WHEN (a.is_primary_key = 1 OR a.is_unique_constraint = 1) 26 THEN 'ALTER TABLE ' + a.table_name + ' DROP CONSTRAINT ' + a.ix_name 27 ELSE 'DROP INDEX ' + a.ix_name collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS + ' ON ' + a.schema_name + '.' + a.table_name END 28 ,Create_Index = CASE WHEN (a.is_primary_key = 1 OR a.is_unique_constraint = 1) 29 THEN 'ALTER TABLE ' + a.table_name + ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' + a.ix_name 30 + CASE WHEN a.is_primary_key = 1 THEN ' PRIMARY KEY' ELSE ' UNIQUE' END + '(' + indexColumns.ix_index_column_name + ')' 31 ELSE 'CREATE ' + CASE WHEN a.ix_unique = 1 THEN 'UNIQUE ' ELSE '' END 32 + a.ix_type_desc + ' INDEX ' + a.ix_name collate SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS + ' ON ' + a.schema_name 33 + '.' + a.table_name + '(' + indexColumns.ix_index_column_name + ')' 34 + CASE WHEN IncludeIndex.ix_included_column_name IS NOT NULL THEN ' INCLUDE (' + IncludeIndex.ix_included_column_name + ')' ELSE '' END 35 + ' ON [' + a.fg_name +']' END 36 ,CASE WHEN a.ix_unique = 1 THEN 'UNIQUE' else '' END AS IXUnique 37 ,case when a.ix_type_desc='CLUSTERED' then '聚集索引' when a.ix_type_desc='NONCLUSTERED' then '非聚集索引' else '' end as IXtype 38 ,a.ix_name as IXName 39 ,a.object_id as TableId 40 ,a.table_name as TableName 41 ,indexColumns.ix_index_column_name as ColumnsName 42 ,IncludeIndex.ix_included_column_name as IncludeColumnsName 43 ,a.fg_name 44 ,a.is_primary_key 45 ,a.is_unique_constraint 46 FROM 47 ( 48 SELECT DISTINCT 49 ix_unique 50 ,ix_type_desc 51 ,object_id 52 ,ix_name 53 ,schema_name 54 ,table_name 55 ,fg_name 56 ,is_primary_key 57 ,is_unique_constraint 58 FROM tx 59 ) AS a 60 OUTER APPLY 61 ( 62 SELECT ix_index_column_name 63 = STUFF(( 64 SELECT ',' + column_name + CASE WHEN is_descending_key = 1 THEN ' DESC' ELSE '' END 65 FROM tx AS b 66 WHERE schema_name = a.schema_name 67 AND table_name=a.table_name 68 AND ix_name=a.ix_name 69 AND ix_type_desc=a.ix_type_desc 70 AND fg_name=a.fg_name 71 AND is_included_column=0 72 ORDER BY index_column_id 73 FOR XML PATH('') 74 ),1,1,'') 75 )IndexColumns 76 OUTER APPLY 77 ( 78 SELECT ix_included_column_name 79 = STUFF(( 80 SELECT ',' + column_name 81 FROM tx AS b 82 WHERE schema_name = a.schema_name 83 AND table_name=a.table_name 84 AND ix_name=a.ix_name 85 AND ix_type_desc=a.ix_type_desc 86 AND fg_name=a.fg_name 87 AND is_included_column=1 88 ORDER BY index_column_id 89 FOR XML PATH('') 90 ), 1,1,'') 91 )IncludeIndex 92 ORDER BY a.schema_name,a.table_name,a.ix_name
获取关联（表-视图-函数之前的关联）：
1 select distinct t.id as TableId ,t.name as TableName,rtrim(t.xtype) as TableType ,o.object_id as RelatedId,rtrim(o.name) as RelatedName,o.type as RelatedType,o.type_desc as RelatedTypeDesc,o.create_date as CreateDate,o.modify_date as ModifyDate 2 from sys.sql_dependencies as s inner join sys.objects as o on s.object_id=o.object_id 3 inner join (select id,name,d.xtype from sysobjects as d where d.status >= 0) as t on t.id=referenced_major_id 4 where t.name<>'sysdiagrams'
获取视图名称：
1 select newid() as Id,'' as Remark,'' as ObjectType, 2 Row_Number() over ( order by getdate() ) as SortId,v.object_id as ObjectId,v.name as ObjectName ,m.definition as Contents 3 from sys.views v left outer join sys.all_sql_modules as m on v.object_id=m.object_id 4 order by ObjectId
获取视图列：
1 Select newid() as Id,c.id as ColumnsId,o.id as ColumnsObjectId,o.Name As ColumnsObjectName,c.name As ColumnsName, t.name As ColumnsType, c.length As ColumnsLength, 2 ISNULL(COLUMNPROPERTY(c.id, c.name, 'Scale'), 0) AS DecimaPlaces, 3 CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY(c.id,c.name, 'IsIdentity') = 1 THEN '是' ELSE '' END AS Mark, 4 CASE WHEN c.isnullable = 0 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS Primarykey, 5 CASE WHEN c.isnullable = 1 THEN '√' ELSE '' END AS IsEmpty, 6 '' AS Defaults,'' AS ColumnsRemark, 7 c.colorder as ColumnsSortId 8 From SysObjects As o , SysColumns As c , SysTypes As t 9 Where o.type ='v' And o.id = c.id And c.xtype = t.xtype and t.name<>'sysname' 10 Order By o.name ,c.colorder
获取函数/存储过程：
1 select O.object_id as FunctionId, O.name as FunctionName,rtrim(O.type) as FunctionType,O.create_date as Createtime, definition as Contents,'' as FunctionReamrk 2 from sys.objects O LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties E ON O.object_id = E.major_id 3 left outer join sys.all_sql_modules on all_sql_modules.object_id=O.object_id 4 WHERE O.name IS NOT NULL AND ISNULL(O.is_ms_shipped, 0) = 0 AND ISNULL(E.name, '') <> 'microsoft_database_tools_support' AND O.type in ('FN', 'IF', 'TF','P') 5 ORDER BY O.name
获取函数/存储过程的参数：
1 SELECT sp.object_Id as FunctionId, sp.name as FunctionName, 2 isnull(param.name,'')as ParamName,isnull(usrt.name,'') AS [DataType], 3 ISNULL(baset.name, '') AS [SystemType], CAST(CASE when baset.name is null then 0 WHEN baset.name IN ('nchar', 'nvarchar') AND param.max_length <> -1 THEN param.max_length/2 ELSE param.max_length END AS int) AS [Length], 4 '' as ParamReamrk,isnull(parameter_id,0) as SortId 5 FROM sys.objects AS sp INNER JOIN sys.schemas b ON sp.schema_id = b.schema_id 6 left outer JOIN sys.all_parameters AS param ON param.object_id=sp.object_Id 7 LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS usrt ON usrt.user_type_id = param.user_type_id 8 LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS baset ON (baset.user_type_id = param.system_type_id and baset.user_type_id = baset.system_type_id) or ((baset.system_type_id = param.system_type_id) and (baset.user_type_id = param.user_type_id) and (baset.is_user_defined = 0) and (baset.is_assembly_type = 1)) 9 LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties E ON sp.object_id = E.major_id 10 WHERE sp.TYPE in ('FN', 'IF', 'TF','P') AND ISNULL(sp.is_ms_shipped, 0) = 0 AND ISNULL(E.name, '') <> 'microsoft_database_tools_support' 11 ORDER BY sp.name,param.parameter_id ASC
获取触发器：
1 select t.object_id as TriggersId, t.name as TriggersName,t.create_date as Createtime,t.type as FunctionType, 2 parent_id as TableId,sp.name as TableName,definition as Contents,'' as TriggersRemark from sys.triggers as t inner join sys.all_sql_modules as m 3 on t.object_id=m.object_id 4 inner join sys.objects as sp on t.parent_id=sp.object_id
以上部分代码摘自博客园，部分代码摘自国外不知名人士。但忘了是谁了！如有知情者，欢迎回复！
对于上面的一些图上都是马赛克，我只能表示抱歉！
如果你对于这些SQL语句有更好的实现方式，欢迎评论、小纸条。