Python学习第五天 集合 set frozenset 关系运算符 去重 add clear copy difference difference_update discard intersection intersection_update isdisjoint issubset issuperset pop remove symmetric_difference union

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回顾：

字符串

数字

列表

元组

字典

可变不可变：

1.可变：列表，字典

2.不可变： 字符串，数字，元组

访问顺序：

1.直接访问：数字

2.顺序访问：字符串，列表，元组

3.映射： 字典

存放元素个数：

容器类型：列表，元组，字典（可以存放读个数值）

原子：数字，字符串

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https://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/5935801.html

2.2.6 集合

定义：由不同元素组成的集合，集合中是一组无序排列的可hash值，可以作为字典的key，不可变元素

特性：

1.集合的目的是将不同的值存放到一起，不同的集合间用来做关系运算，无需纠结于集合中单个值

2.2.6.1 集合创建

>>>s={1,2,3,1}

或

定义可变集合set

>>> set_test=set('hello') #for 循环，往里放，如果重复了则删掉

>>> set_test

{'l', 'o', 'e', 'h'}

改为不可变集合frozenset

>>> f_set_test=frozenset(set_test)

>>> f_set_test

frozenset({'l', 'e', 'h', 'o'})

2.2.6.2 集合常用操作：关系运算

　in

    not in

    ＝＝

    ！＝

    <,<=

    >,>=

    |,|=:合集

    &.&=:交集

    －,－=:差集

    ^,^=:对称差分

2.2.6.3 使用集合去重

可以实现，不过，去重后，会失去原先顺序

names=['alex','alex','wupeiqi']
names=list(set(names))
print(names)

2.2.6.4集合工厂函数set()class set(object):    """    set() -> new empty set object

    set(iterable) -> new set object
    
    Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
    """
    def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
　　　　　一次只能添加一个元素
        Add an element to a set.
        
        This has no effect if the element is already present.
        """
        pass

    def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove all elements from this set. """
        pass

    def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return a shallow copy of a set. """
        pass

    def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        相当于s1-s2，差集
        
        Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
        """
        pass

    def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Remove all elements of another set from this set. """
        pass

    def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        与remove功能相同，删除元素不存在时不会抛出异常
        
        Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
        
        If the element is not a member, do nothing.
        """
        pass

    def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        相当于s1&s2，交集
        
        Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)
        """
        pass

    def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. """
        pass

    def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return True if two sets have a null intersection. 交集为空时返回True""" 
        pass

    def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ 
        相当于s1<=s2
        
        Report whether another set contains this set. """
        pass

    def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        相当于s1>=s2
        
         Report whether this set contains another set. """
        pass

    def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
        Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
        """
        pass

    def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
        
        If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
        """
        pass

    def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        相当于s1^s2，交叉补集，两个集合交叉，扣掉两者共有的，剩下的就是
        
        Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
        """
        pass

    def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. """
        pass

    def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        相当于s1|s2，并集
        
        Return the union of sets as a new set.
        
        (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
        """
        pass

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Update a set with the union of itself and others.可以更新多个值；add只更新一个值；union：不更新 """
        pass

    def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self&value. """
        pass

    def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x. """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __iand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self&=value. """
        pass

    def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of set.__init__
        """
        set() -> new empty set object
        set(iterable) -> new set object
        
        Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __ior__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self|=value. """
        pass

    def __isub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self-=value. """
        pass

    def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Implement iter(self). """
        pass

    def __ixor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self^=value. """
        pass

    def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return len(self). """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self|value. """
        pass

    def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value&self. """
        pass

    def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return state information for pickling. """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value|self. """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value-self. """
        pass

    def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value^self. """
        pass

    def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self-value. """
        pass

    def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self^value. """
        pass

    __hash__ = None