@Autowired注解可以对成员变量、方法和构造函数进行标注,来完成自动装配的工作。
注意:@Autowired默认是按照类型来注入的。
看下面的例子:例子是以对成员变量(field)为例进行的
public class Person {
private String name;
private String address;
private int age;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[name:"+getName()+
",address:" + getAddress()+
",age:" +getAge()+
"]";
}
另外一个Customer类有一个Person类型的成员,现用@Autowired注入:
public class Customer
{
@Autowired
private Person person;
private int type;
private String action;
public String getAction() {
return action;
}
public void setAction(String action) {
this.action = action;
}
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(int type) {
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[Type:"+getType()+
",action:"+getAction()+
","+"person:"+
person.toString();
}
}
在配置文件中加入
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<!--@Autowired-->
<context:annotation-config/>
<bean id="CustomerBean" class="com.mkyong.common.Customer">
<property name="action" value="buy" />
<property name="type" value="1" />
</bean>
<bean id="PersonBean" class="com.mkyong.common.Person">
<property name="name" value="mkyong" />
<property name="address" value="address ABC" />
<property name="age" value="29" />
</bean>
</beans>
测试程序:
public class Main
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"SpringBeans.xml"});
Customer customer = (Customer)context.getBean("CustomerBean");
System.out.println(customer);
}
}
@Autowired默认情况下,总是认为field是可以成功注入的,如果没有成功注入(例如没有匹配的类型)则会跑出异常,如果要使得在没有成功注入的情况下不抛出异常,那么可以和required属性一起使用,将required的属性设置为false:
public class Customer
{
**@Autowired(required=false)**
private Person person;
private int type;
private String action;
//getter and setter methods
}
@Autowired默认是按照类型来匹配的,那么当容器中有两个相同类型的bean时怎样区分要注入是哪一个呢?这时候@Qualifier注解便起作用了:
<bean id="person1" class="com.hzsunpeng.Person">
<property name="name" value="name1"/>
<property name="address" value="adderss1"/>
<property name="age" value="23"/>
</bean>
<bean id="person2" class="com.hzsunpeng.Person">
<property name="name" value="name2"/>
<property name="address" value="adderss2"/>
<property name="age" value="22"/>
</bean>
这时候怎样决定要注入person1呢还是person2呢?
如果想注入person1,那么可以这样做:
public class Customer
{
@Autowired
@Qualifier("person1")
private Person person;
private int type;
private String action;
//setter and getter
}
最后注意一个细节:如果使用了springMVC自动扫描组件(@Component或者是@Service等),在配置文件中加入了
<context:component-scan base-package="***.***.***" />
那么配置文件中的
<context:annotation-config/>
可以省略。