MySQL的安装与配置——详细过程

 MySQL部署

1.1 下载安装包

[root@node01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com//archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

1.2 解压安装

二进制安装方式

[root@node01 ~]# tar zxf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@node01  ~]# ls mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
bin  COPYING  docs  include  lib  man  README  share  support-files
[root@node01  ~]# mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@node01  ~]# 

1.3 配置环境变量

[root@node01 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@node01 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@node01 ~]# mysql --version
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.23, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
[root@node01 ~]#

1.4 初始化数据库

[root@node01 ~]# mkdir /data/mysql/mysql3306 -p
[root@node01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@node01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /data/mysql/mysql3306
[root@node01 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306 --user=mysql
2019-08-22T09:42:25.450894Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-08-22T09:42:26.130690Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-08-22T09:42:26.338634Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-08-22T09:42:26.433743Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 26735bac-c4c1-11e9-8f5e-fa809f3a1b00.
2019-08-22T09:42:26.440572Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-08-22T09:42:26.441100Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: QNbJyS(Du3aq
[root@node01 mysql]# echo $?
0
[root@node01 mysql]#

root用户密码 QNbJyS(Du3aq 如果忘记保持密码,cat /var/log/mysqld.log 可以查看

1.5 创建配置文件

[root@node01 ~]# cat /data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf 
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
[mysqld]
ft_min_word_len = 1
character-set-server = utf8
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306
port            = 3306
socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
skip-external-locking
slave-skip-errors=1032,1062
skip-name-resolve
max_allowed_packet = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
net_buffer_length = 1M
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 50M
query_cache_size = 64M
max_connections = 1024
table_open_cache = 64
query_cache_size= 240M
query_cache_type=1
#slow_query_log=1
long_query_time =1
expire_logs_days  = 5
max_heap_table_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
max_heap_table_size=1048576000
server-id       = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_format=ROW
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
innodb_file_per_table=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 200M
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[isamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer = 20M
sort_buffer_size = 20M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
[root@apollo-node01 ~]# 

1.6 启动数据库

[root@node01 ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --user=mysql &
[root@node01 ~]# netstat -lnpt |grep mysql
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      115262/mysqld       
[root@node01 mysql]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.23-log

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql>

1.7 创建管理用户

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'apollo'@'%' identified by '123.com';
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> 

原因是MySQL5.7特性要更新root账号密码

mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'apollo'@'%' identified by '123.com';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+---------------+-----------+
| user          | host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| apollo        | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

到这里完成数据库配置操作