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  • 设计模式——22.访问器模式

    访问器模式(Visitor)

    “行为变化”类模式
    在组件的构建过程中,组件行为的变化经常导致组建本身剧烈的变化。“行为变化”类模式将组件的行为和组件本身进行解耦,从而支持组件行为的变化,实现两者之间的松耦合。

    访问器模式(Visitor)简介:

    表示一个作用于某个对象结构中各元素(子类)的操作。使得可以在不改变各元素(子类)的前提下来定义或者添加扩展作用于这些元素的新操作。

    访问器模式(Visitor)结构:

    Visitor

    C++代码

    Element对象及其结构下的各元素(子类)ConcreteElementA、ConcreteElementB

    //file: Element.h
    #pragma once
    
    class Visitor;
    
    class Element
    {
    public:
    	Element();
    	virtual ~Element();
    
    	virtual void accept(Visitor& visitor) = 0;
    };
    
    class ConcreteElementA : public Element {
    	void accept(Visitor& visitor) override;
    };
    
    class ConcreteElementB : public Element {
    	void accept(Visitor& visitor) override;
    };
    
    //file: Element.cpp
    #include "pch.h"
    #include "Element.h"
    #include "Visitor.h"
    
    Element::Element() {}
    
    Element::~Element() {}
    
    void ConcreteElementA::accept(Visitor& visitor){
    	visitor.visitElementA(*this);
    }
    
    void ConcreteElementB::accept(Visitor& visitor){
    	visitor.visitElementB(*this);
    }
    
    

    Visitor类作用于该Element对象结构下各元素(子类)的操作

    //file: Visitor.h
    #pragma once
    #include "Element.h"
    
    class Visitor
    {
    public:
    	Visitor();
    	virtual ~Visitor();
    
    	virtual void visitElementA(Element& element) = 0;
    	virtual void visitElementB(Element& element) = 0;
    };
    
    class Visitor1 : public Visitor {
    public:
    	virtual void visitElementA(Element& element) override;
    	virtual void visitElementB(Element& element) override;
    };
    
    class Visitor2 : public Visitor {
    public:
    	virtual void visitElementA(Element& element) override;
    	virtual void visitElementB(Element& element) override;
    };
    
    //file: Visitor.cpp
    #include "pch.h"
    #include "Visitor.h"
    #include <iostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    Visitor::Visitor() {}
    
    Visitor::~Visitor() {}
    
    void Visitor1::visitElementA(Element & element){
    	cout << "Visitor 1 is visiting ElementA ." << endl;
    }
    
    void Visitor1::visitElementB(Element & element){
    	cout << "Visitor 1 is visiting ElementB ." << endl;
    }
    
    void Visitor2::visitElementA(Element & element){
    	cout << "Visitor 2 is visiting ElementA ." << endl;
    }
    
    void Visitor2::visitElementB(Element & element){
    	cout << "Visitor 2 is visiting ElementB ." << endl;
    }
    
    

    客户端代码:

    // VisitorPattern.cpp : This file contains the 'main' function. Program execution begins and ends there.
    
    #include "pch.h"
    #include "Element.h"
    #include "Visitor.h"
    #include <iostream>
    
    int main()
    {
    	Element* elementB = new ConcreteElementB();
    	Visitor* pVisitor1 = new Visitor1();
    	elementB->accept(*pVisitor1);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    

    运行输出:

    VisitorCpp

    C#代码

    Element对象及其结构下的各元素(子类)ConcreteElementA、ConcreteElementB

    public abstract class Element
    {
    	public abstract void Accept(Visitor visitor) ;
    }
    
    public class ConcreteElementA : Element
    {
    	public override void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    	{
    		visitor.visitElementA(this);
    	}
    }
    
    public class ConcreteElementB : Element
    {
    	public override void Accept(Visitor visitor)
    	{
    		visitor.visitElementB(this);
    	}
    }
    

    Visitor类作用于该Element对象结构下各元素(子类)的操作

    public abstract class Visitor
    {
    	public abstract void visitElementA(Element element);
    	public abstract void visitElementB(Element element);
    }
    
    public class Visitor1 : Visitor
    {
    	public override void visitElementA(Element element)
    	{
    		Console.WriteLine("Visitor1 is visiting ElementA .");
    	}
    
    	public override void visitElementB(Element element)
    	{
    		Console.WriteLine("Visitor1 is visiting ElementB .");
    	}
    }
    
    public class Visitor2 : Visitor
    {
    	public override void visitElementA(Element element)
    	{
    		Console.WriteLine("Visitor2 is visiting ElementA .");
    	}
    
    	public override void visitElementB(Element element)
    	{
    		Console.WriteLine("Visitor2 is visiting ElementB .");
    	}
    }
    

    客户端代码

    class Program
    {
    	static void Main(string[] args)
    	{
    		Element e = new ConcreteElementB();
    		Visitor v1 = new Visitor1();
    		e.Accept(v1);
    
    		Console.Read();
    	}
    }
    

    运行输出:

    VisitorCSharp

    REF

    书籍:

    设计模式与游戏开发、大话设计模式

    GitHub:

    https://github.com/me115/design_patterns

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sylvan/p/10427206.html
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