web.xml配置中的 文件类型<mime-mapping>

<mime-mapping>
<extension>doc</extension>
<mime-type>application/msword</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xls</extension>
<mime-type>application/msexcel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/pdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>zip</extension>
<mime-type>application/zip</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rar</extension>
<mime-type>application/rar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>txt</extension>
<mime-type>application/txt</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>chm</extension>
<mime-type>application/mshelp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp3</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>

常见的MIME类型 

超文本标记语言文本 .htm,.html text/html 
普通文本 .txt text/plain 
RTF文本 .rtf application/rtf 
GIF图形 .gif image/gif 
JPEG图形 .ipeg,.jpg image/jpeg 
au声音文件 .au audio/basic 
MIDI音乐文件 mid,.midi audio/midi,audio/x-midi 
RealAudio音乐文件 .ra, .ram audio/x-pn-realaudio 
MPEG文件 .mpg,.mpeg video/mpeg 
AVI文件 .avi video/x-msvideo 
GZIP文件 .gz application/x-gzip 
TAR文件 .tar application/x-tar

1.指定了自己的javaEncoding

<servlet>
       <servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>fork</param-name>
           <param-value>false</param-value>
       </init-param>
               <init-param>
           <param-name>javaEncoding</param-name>
           <param-value>GB18030</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
           <param-value>true</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
   </servlet>

 2.添加rar,iso等的mime-type映射避免在浏览器里直接打开。
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mht</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-mht</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
       <extension>rar</extension>
       <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
   </mime-mapping>
   <mime-mapping>
       <extension>iso</extension>
       <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
   </mime-mapping>
   <mime-mapping>
       <extension>ape</extension>
       <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
   </mime-mapping>
   <mime-mapping>
       <extension>rmvb</extension>
       <mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
   </mime-mapping>
   <mime-mapping>
       <extension>ico</extension>
       <mime-type>image/x-icon</mime-type>
   </mime-mapping>

  <mime-mapping>
  <extension>doc</extension> 
<mime-type>application/msword</mime-type> 
</mime-mapping> 
<mime-mapping> 
  <extension>xls</extension> 
  <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type> 
</mime-mapping> 
<mime-mapping> 
  <extension>ppt</extension> 
  <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type> 
</mime-mapping>

3.对html静态页面设置编码

<!--  修改下面两行以支持静态超文本的自动编码
  -->
 <mime-mapping>
 <extension>htm</extension>
 <mime-type>text/html;charset=gb2312</mime-type>
 </mime-mapping>
 <mime-mapping>
 <extension>html</extension>
 <mime-type>text/html;charset=gb2312</mime-type>
 </mime-mapping>
  </web-app>

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<mime-mapping>
<extension>abs</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ai</extension>
<mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aif</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aifc</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aiff</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-aiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>aim</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-aim</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>art</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-jg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>asf</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-ms-asf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>asx</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-ms-asf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>au</extension>
<mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>avi</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-msvideo</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>avx</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-rad-screenplay</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bcpio</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-bcpio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bin</extension>
<mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>bmp</extension>
<mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>body</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>cdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-cdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>cer</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-x509-ca-cert</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>class</extension>
<mime-type>application/java</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>cpio</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-cpio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>csh</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-csh</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>css</extension>
<mime-type>text/css</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dib</extension>
<mime-type>image/bmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>doc</extension>
<mime-type>application/msword</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dtd</extension>
<mime-type>application/xml-dtd</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dv</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-dv</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>dvi</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-dvi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>eps</extension>
<mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>etx</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-setext</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>exe</extension>
<mime-type>application/octet-stream</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>gif</extension>
<mime-type>image/gif</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>gtar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-gtar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>gz</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-gzip</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>hdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-hdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>hqx</extension>
<mime-type>application/mac-binhex40</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>htc</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-component</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>htm</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>html</extension>
<mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>hqx</extension>
<mime-type>application/mac-binhex40</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ief</extension>
<mime-type>image/ief</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jad</extension>
<mime-type>text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jar</extension>
<mime-type>application/java-archive</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>java</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jnlp</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-java-jnlp-file</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jpe</extension>
<mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jpeg</extension>
<mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jpg</extension>
<mime-type>image/jpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>js</extension>
<mime-type>text/javascript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jsf</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>jspf</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>kar</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>latex</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-latex</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>m3u</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpegurl</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mac</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-macpaint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>man</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff-man</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mathml</extension>
<mime-type>application/mathml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>me</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff-me</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mid</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>midi</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mif</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-mif</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mov</extension>
<mime-type>video/quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>movie</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-sgi-movie</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp1</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp2</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp3</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mp4</extension>
<mime-type>video/mp4</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpa</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpe</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpeg</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpega</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpg</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>mpv2</extension>
<mime-type>video/mpeg2</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ms</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-wais-source</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>nc</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-netcdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>oda</extension>
<mime-type>application/oda</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Database -->
<extension>odb</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Chart -->
<extension>odc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Formula -->
<extension>odf</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Drawing -->
<extension>odg</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Image -->
<extension>odi</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Master Document -->
<extension>odm</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Presentation -->
<extension>odp</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Spreadsheet -->
<extension>ods</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Text -->
<extension>odt</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ogg</extension>
<mime-type>application/ogg</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Drawing Template -->
<extension>otg</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- HTML Document Template -->
<extension>oth</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Presentation Template -->
<extension>otp</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Spreadsheet Template -->
<extension>ots</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- OpenDocument Text Template -->
<extension>ott</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pbm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-bitmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pct</extension>
<mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/pdf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pgm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-graymap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pic</extension>
<mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pict</extension>
<mime-type>image/pict</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pls</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-scpls</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>png</extension>
<mime-type>image/png</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pnm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-anymap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pnt</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-macpaint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ppm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-portable-pixmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ppt</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>pps</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ps</extension>
<mime-type>application/postscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>psd</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-photoshop</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>qt</extension>
<mime-type>video/quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>qti</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>qtif</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-quicktime</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ras</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-cmu-raster</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rdf</extension>
<mime-type>application/rdf+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rgb</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-rgb</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rm</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.rn-realmedia</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>roff</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rtf</extension>
<mime-type>application/rtf</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>rtx</extension>
<mime-type>text/richtext</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sh</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-sh</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>shar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-shar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<!--
<mime-mapping>
<extension>shtml</extension>
<mime-type>text/x-server-parsed-html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
-->
<mime-mapping>
<extension>smf</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-midi</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sit</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-stuffit</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>snd</extension>
<mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>src</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-wais-source</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sv4cpio</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-sv4cpio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>sv4crc</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-sv4crc</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>svg</extension>
<mime-type>image/svg+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>svgz</extension>
<mime-type>image/svg+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>swf</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-shockwave-flash</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>t</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-tar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tcl</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-tcl</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tex</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-tex</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>texi</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-texinfo</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>texinfo</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-texinfo</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tif</extension>
<mime-type>image/tiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tiff</extension>
<mime-type>image/tiff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tr</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-troff</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>tsv</extension>
<mime-type>text/tab-separated-values</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>txt</extension>
<mime-type>text/plain</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ulw</extension>
<mime-type>audio/basic</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>ustar</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-ustar</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>vxml</extension>
<mime-type>application/voicexml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xbm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-xbitmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xht</extension>
<mime-type>application/xhtml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xhtml</extension>
<mime-type>application/xhtml+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xls</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xml</extension>
<mime-type>application/xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xpm</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-xpixmap</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xsl</extension>
<mime-type>application/xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xslt</extension>
<mime-type>application/xslt+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xul</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>xwd</extension>
<mime-type>image/x-xwindowdump</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>vsd</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-visio</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wav</extension>
<mime-type>audio/x-wav</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- Wireless Bitmap -->
<extension>wbmp</extension>
<mime-type>image/vnd.wap.wbmp</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- WML Source -->
<extension>wml</extension>
<mime-type>text/vnd.wap.wml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- Compiled WML -->
<extension>wmlc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wmlc</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- WML Script Source -->
<extension>wmls</extension>
<mime-type>text/vnd.wap.wmlscript</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<!-- Compiled WML Script -->
<extension>wmlscriptc</extension>
<mime-type>application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wmv</extension>
<mime-type>video/x-ms-wmv</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wrl</extension>
<mime-type>x-world/x-vrml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>wspolicy</extension>
<mime-type>application/wspolicy+xml</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>Z</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-compress</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>z</extension>
<mime-type>application/x-compress</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
<mime-mapping>
<extension>zip</extension>
<mime-type>application/zip</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>