K8S从入门到放弃系列-(14)Kubernetes集群Dashboard部署

Dashboard是k8s的web界面，用户可以用 Kubernetes Dashboard 部署容器化的应用、监控应用、并对集群本身进行管理，在 Kubernetes Dashboard 中可以查看集群中应用的运行状态。

1、下载yaml配置文件

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v1.10.1/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

2、创建dashboard专有secret

浏览器访问时，默认文件中secret文件有问题，我们需要自定义一个证书进行认证

　　a) 创建证书请求文件

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /opt/k8s/certs/dashboard-csr.json 
{
  "CN": "k8s-dashboard",
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "ShangHai",
      "L": "ShangHai",
      "O": "k8s-dashboard",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

　　b) 生成证书

[root@k8s-master01 certs]# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
     -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem 
     -config=/opt/k8s/certs/ca-config.json 
     -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare k8s-dashboard
2019/05/07 16:45:48 [INFO] generate received request
2019/05/07 16:45:48 [INFO] received CSR
2019/05/07 16:45:48 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2019/05/07 16:45:48 [INFO] encoded CSR
2019/05/07 16:45:48 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 443069371958574919693024095101339074526175227131
2019/05/07 16:45:48 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").

　　c）创建secret

[root@k8s-master01 certs]# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=dashboard.key=./k8s-dashboard-key.pem --from-file=dashboard.crt=./k8s-dashboard.pem  -n kube-system

3、修改yaml文件

默认下载的资源清单文件，镜像地址不可用，以及secret也需要注释

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /opt/dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 
## 修改三处
### 注释默认secret配置
# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #

#apiVersion: v1
#kind: Secret
#metadata:
#  labels:
#    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
#  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
#  namespace: kube-system
#type: Opaque
### k8s.gcr.io 修改为 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
...
image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
...

#---
### 为service添加NotePort模式
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

4、跟据资源清单文件，创建

[root@k8s-master01 dashboard]# kubectl apply -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml 
### 查看pod，可以看到kubernetes-dashboard-5d9599dc98-qbpkb已经running
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-75569d87d7-tpjq5   1/1     Running   5          7d3h
calico-node-bmpbd                          1/1     Running   5          7d3h
calico-node-dms6w                          1/1     Running   6          7d3h
calico-node-f2xcp                          1/1     Running   3          7d
calico-node-mxc5h                          1/1     Running   3          7d
calico-node-zzbqn                          1/1     Running   3          7d
coredns-55f46dd959-9v98d                   1/1     Running   5          7d3h
coredns-55f46dd959-krcsq                   1/1     Running   6          7d3h
kubernetes-dashboard-5d9599dc98-qbpkb      1/1     Running   0          77s
tiller-deploy-6d54f974dc-fmgk5             1/1     Running   6          7d3h
### 查看svc，对外端口：30721
[root@k8s-master01 ~]#  kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
kube-dns               ClusterIP   10.254.0.2       <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   7d3h
kubernetes-dashboard   NodePort    10.254.188.109   <none>        443:30721/TCP            5m54s
tiller-deploy          ClusterIP   10.254.20.131    <none>        44134/TCP                7d3h

5、创建集群管理员账号

dashboard部署好后，我们需要创建对应账号才可以登陆

　　a）创建用于登录dashborad的serviceaccount账号

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system 

　　b）创建一个clusterrolebingding，将名称为cluster-admin的clusterrole绑定到我们刚刚创建的serviceaccount上，名称空间和sa使用:作为间隔

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin

　　c）查看secret

clusterrolebingding创建完成后系统会自动创建一个secret，名称以serviceaccount名称开头

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get secret -n kube-system|grep dashboard-admin
dashboard-admin-token-8rkds                      kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      111s

　　d）获取tocken

[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe secret dashboard-admin-token-8rkds -n kube-system
Name:         dashboard-admin-token-8rkds
Namespace:    kube-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: dashboard-admin
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 797f6a81-70a6-11e9-be01-000c29d932a4

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1363 bytes
namespace:  11 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.qoVBiN0SPcvTTOXNwCo7moLVeR8FlQ2fJpAts_eAeFacqj_E8CzmgSgk15QLl5JDuSIvKMrZYgvq4Ei9AlmvJr80z_4HfMD2rwCMq3BoaIzlG-Pq44mnnPWO36p2885roPf11bW--VKzlugFpXCYRCSKwpPORb4kH-FiqvE65v3AA_9fo4WtgG1HO5w94cBmE_DqWcrtuNaKcwDpEXkJJtcmDVqQ978Jpuaw-YkS0aMOLbkVJ-tRjgQxYINtBhT29TxT0aS-4kOm9hXbSFAy84ss8pOEIPNmFmWxqwxNHyFT6gXiDaI-4KydSSb88JXi18PJfVJyV0GM3Pm8JkbwLw

6、登陆dashboard

需要使用https协议，可以看到有两种登陆方式，这里我们采用令牌的方式，就是上一步获取到的tocken

　　访问地址：https://10.10.0.17:30721  （这里访问地址任已节点IP即可，端口是dashboard service映射到主机的端口）

选择令牌登陆，输入上一步获取的tocken值输入登陆即可。

至此，Dashboard已经部署完毕，并创建集群管理员账号可以登陆，可以对集群进行管理。