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  • Hibernate学习4—关联关系一对多映射

    一、班级学生一对多映射实现(单向)                                    
    Class 1 * Student 一对多
    在学生多的一方,配置一的对象;
     
    com.cy.model.Class:
    package com.cy.model;
    
    public class Class {
        private long id;
        private String name;
        
        public long getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(long id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        
    }
    View Code

    com.cy.model.Student:

    package com.cy.model;
    
    public class Student {
        private long id;
        private String name;
        private Class c;
        
        public long getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(long id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        public Class getC() {
            return c;
        }
        public void setC(Class c) {
            this.c = c;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";
        }
        
        
    }

    Class.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="com.cy.model">
        <class name="Class" table="t_class">
            <id name="id" column="classId">
                <generator class="identity"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="name" column="className"></property>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>
    View Code

    Student.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping package="com.cy.model">
        <class name="Student" table="t_student">
            <id name="id" column="stuId">
                <generator class="identity"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="name" column="stuName"></property>
            <!-- 
                属性名是c;
                表的外键的列名是classId,关联类com.cy.model.Class
             -->
            <many-to-one name="c" column="classId" class="com.cy.model.Class"></many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    hibernate.cfg.xml:

    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
            "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
            "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
    
    <hibernate-configuration>
    
        <session-factory>
    
            <!--数据库连接设置 -->
            <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
            <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
            <property name="connection.username">root</property>
            <property name="connection.password">root</property>
           
            <!-- 方言 -->
            <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
        
            <!-- 控制台显示SQL -->
            <property name="show_sql">true</property>
    
            <!-- 自动更新表结构 -->
            <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
            
            <mapping resource="com/cy/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>
            <mapping resource="com/cy/model/Class.hbm.xml"/>
        </session-factory>
    
    </hibernate-configuration>
    View Code

    测试程序:

    public class StudentTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
            Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();    
            session.beginTransaction();    
            
            Class c = new Class();
            c.setName("08计本");
            session.save(c);
            
            Student s1 = new Student();
            s1.setName("张三");
            s1.setC(c);
            Student s2 = new Student();
            s2.setName("李四");
            s2.setC(c);
            
            session.save(s1);
            session.save(s2);
            
            session.getTransaction().commit();    
            session.close();    
        }
    }
    View Code

    运行之后可以看到建表情况和数据插入情况:

    Class表:

    Student表:

    外键关系:

    数据插入成功;

    二、Junit4 方法详解                                        

    下面是测试代码,验证这一过程:

    package com.cy.service;
    
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.AfterClass;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.BeforeClass;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    public class StudentTest2 {
    
        @BeforeClass
        public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("类初始化前调用...");
        }
    
        @AfterClass
        public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("类初始化后调用...");
        }
    
        @Before
        public void setUp() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("测试方法前调用...");
        }
    
        @After
        public void tearDown() throws Exception {
            System.out.println("测试方法后调用...");
        }
    
        @Test
        public void test() {
            System.out.println("测试方法...");
        }
        
        
        /*
         *  打印如下:
               类初始化前调用...
            测试方法前调用...
            测试方法...
            测试方法后调用...
            类初始化后调用...
         */
    }

    三、级联保存更新                                              

    比如新建了Class班级,但是没有保存它,但是新建两个Student,引用这个Class,保存这两个Student,观察:

    StudentTest3.java:

    package com.cy.service;
    
    
    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
    import org.junit.After;
    import org.junit.Before;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import com.cy.model.Class;
    import com.cy.model.Student;
    import com.cy.util.HibernateUtil;
    
    public class StudentTest3 {
        private SessionFactory sessionFactory = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
        private Session session;
        
        @Before
        public void setUp() throws Exception {
            session = sessionFactory.openSession();    
            session.beginTransaction();    
        }
    
        @After
        public void tearDown() throws Exception {
            session.getTransaction().commit();    
            session.close();    
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testSaveClassAndStudentWithCascade() {
            Class c = new Class();    //临时对象,还没有被持久化
            c.setName("08计本");
            
            Student s1 = new Student();
            s1.setName("张三");
            s1.setC(c);
            Student s2 = new Student();
            s2.setName("李四");
            s2.setC(c);
            
            session.save(s1);    //(cascade为none) student持久化对象引用了一个临时对象,保存抛出异常,保存失败。
            session.save(s2);
        }
    
    }

    运行testSaveClassAndStudentWithCascade,发现保存失败:

    于是我们修改Student.hbm.xml中的配置

    <hibernate-mapping package="com.cy.model">
        <class name="Student" table="t_student">
            <id name="id" column="stuId">
                <generator class="identity"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="name" column="stuName"></property>
            <!-- 
                属性名是c;
                表的外键的列名是classId,关联类com.cy.model.Class
             -->
            <many-to-one name="c" column="classId" class="com.cy.model.Class" cascade="save-update"></many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

    再次运行testSaveClassAndStudentWithCascade,级联保存成功!!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/tenWood/p/7242516.html
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