perl的一些函数（二）

1. tr 转换 转换不是替换（tr///==y///）

tr/searchlist/replacementlist/用于查找某个一个字符串，并用replacementlist替换，可以使用正则表达式

my $str="this Is A teST";

$str=~tr/a-z/A-Z/; 把小写转换为大写 会输出THIS IS A TEST

s///  options

g 全局替换

i 忽略大小写

my $str3="this is a test ";

$str3=~s/t/haha/g;                  =====>hahahis is a hahaeshaha
print $str3;
$str3=~s/HaHa/t/ig;                 =====>this is a test
print $str3;            

this is a test

tr 与 替换的区别

 tr可以使用正则表达式，替换不行，没法使用$str=~s/a-z/A-Z/; 不会有任何改变 tr/ab/ABC/ 替换原则是a->A b->B   而s/ab/ABC/会将ab->ABC

• tr///

  The transliteration operator. Same as y///. 

$count  = $str3=~ tr/i/i/; # count the stars in $sky   count  the number of a and store into $count

统计i的个数存放在$count

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
my $str1="this Is A tr TEST";
my $str2="this Is A tr TEST";
$str1=~s/t/T/g;
$str2=~tr/a-z/A-Z/;
print "$str1
";
print "$str2
";
my $str3="this is a test
";
my $count=$str3=~tr/i/i/;
print "
count the number of i --->$count<----
";

结果：

D:>perl tr.pl
This Is A Tr TEST
THIS IS A TR TEST

count the number of i --->2<----

tr  Options:

c Complement the SEARCHLIST.                   清单没写到的就补给他右边清单的最后一个字元
d Delete found but unreplaced characters.      对照表中没有的项目就删掉 
s Squash duplicate replaced characters.        重复的字符变成一个

 

my $strs="have a good day ";
$strs=~tr/a/_/c;                      =====>  _a___a_______a__

print $strs;

my $strs="have a good day ";

$strs=~tr/ao/Ao/s;    =====>hAve A god dAy 两个O变成一个
 

my $strs="have a good day ";
$strs=~tr/hag/HA/d;                 ===>HAve A ood dAy

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/blueicely/archive/2012/12/13/2816371.html

生成随机数：

rand

Returns a random fractional number greater than or equal to 0 and less than the value of EXPR.

example：

  

int(rand(10))

returns a random integer between 0 and 9, inclusive.