手工建库

①关闭现有数据库：

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

--查看参数文件：

[oracle@wang ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@wang dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat  init.ora  initORA11GR2.ora  lkORA11GR2  orapwORA11GR2  spfileORA11GR2.ora

--生成pfile文件：

[oracle@wang dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v ^# |grep -v ^$ > initPROD.ora

[oracle@wang dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat  init.ora  initORA11GR2.ora  initPROD.ora  lkORA11GR2  orapwORA11GR2  spfileORA11GR2.ora [oracle@wang dbs]$

--修改initPROD.ora文件：

[oracle@wang dbs]$ vi initPROD.ora

db_name='PROD'

memory_target=800M

processes = 150

audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/adump'

#audit_trail ='db'

db_block_size=8192

db_domain=''

#db_recovery_file_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area'

#db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G

#diagnostic_dest='<ORACLE_BASE>'

dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'

open_cursors=300

remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/control1.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/control2.ctl)

--根据pfile创建目录adump目录和控制文件目录：

[oracle@wang dbs]$ mkdir -p  /u01/app/oracle/admin/PROD/adump

[oracle@wang dbs]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/

[oracle@wang dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE

[oracle@wang oracle]$ ls

admin  cfgtoollogs  checkpoints  diag  oradata  product

[oracle@wang oracle]$ cd admin/

[oracle@wang admin]$ ls

ORA11GR2  prod

[oracle@wang admin]$ cd ..

[oracle@wang oracle]$ cd oradata/

[oracle@wang oradata]$ ls

ORA11GR2  PROD

[oracle@wang oradata]$

通过pfile创建spfile：

--查看已存在的pfile文件initPROD.ora

oracle@wang dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat  init.ora  initORA11GR2.ora  initPROD.ora  lkORA11GR2  orapwORA11GR2  spfileORA11GR2.ora

--验证当前环境变量

[oracle@wang oradata]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

ORA11GR2

--更改当前环境变量ORACLE_SID：

[oracle@wang oradata]$ export ORACLE_SID=PROD

[oracle@wang oradata]$  echo $ORACLE_SID

PROD

--通过pfile创建spfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

验证生成spfile：

[oracle@wang dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat  init.ora  initORA11GR2.ora  initPROD.ora  lkORA11GR2  orapwORA11GR2  spfileORA11GR2.ora  spfilePROD.ora

②数据库启动到nomount（默认情况下，oracle会使用spfile启动数据库）：

SQL> show parameter spfile

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ -----------

spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

                                                 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

STARTED

--编写创建数据库脚本：

[oracle@wang dbs]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[oracle@wang dbhome_1]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

[oracle@wang dbhome_1]$

[oracle@wang dbhome_1]$

[oracle@wang dbhome_1]$ vi create.sql

CREATE DATABASE PROD
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

--运行数据库脚本

SQL> SET SQLBLANKLINES ON    
SQL> @?/create

Database created.

--查看相关参数：

SQL> show parameter control_files

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ -----------

control_files                        string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/c

                                                 ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/

                                                 oradata/PROD/control02.ctl
SQL> show parameter undo  

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ -----------

undo_management                      string      AUTO

undo_retention                       integer     900

undo_tablespace                      string      UNDOTBS1

SQL> show parameter spfile

 

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ -----------

spfile                               string      /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

                                                 /dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora

③创建字典表及工具包

--必执行脚本

SQL> conn / as sysdba

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

SQL> conn system/oracle

SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

--可选脚本

SQL> conn / as sysdba

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catblock.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catoctk.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/owminst.plb

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlsampl    添加scott用户

④验证数据库可用性：

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

CORE    11.2.0.4.0      Production

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

 

5 rows selected.

⑤创建密码文件：（可建可不建）

[oracle@wang dbhome_1]$ cd dbs/

[oracle@wang dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat   initPROD.ora   spfileORA11GR2.ora

hc_PROD.dat       lkORA11GR2     spfilePROD.ora

init.ora          lkPROD

initORA11GR2.ora  orapwORA11GR2

[oracle@wang dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle

[oracle@wang dbs]$ ls

hc_ORA11GR2.dat   initPROD.ora   orapwPROD

hc_PROD.dat       lkORA11GR2     spfileORA11GR2.ora

init.ora          lkPROD         spfilePROD.ora

initORA11GR2.ora  orapwORA11GR2

[oracle@wang dbs]$