本文主要讲述使用fdisk工具对磁盘进行分区和格式化的方法
首先要明确分区是针对磁盘进行的操做，磁盘分区会创建分区表，类似vda，sda的是磁盘，vda1，sda1的是分区
1.查看磁盘分区状态
1.1. 查看分区挂载情况
df -h
1.2.查看服务器挂载的磁盘
fdisk -l
fdisk -l /dev/vdb
2.磁盘分区
2.1.对vdb磁盘进行分区
fdisk /dev/vdb
进入交互式的分区界面，以下是分区操作步骤
m打印菜单
n新建分区
p选择主分区
e选择扩展分区
1选择分区号
选择初始位置，默认为1
选择结束为止，默认为磁盘结尾
分区创建完成，可以列表查看，保存退出
p打印分区表
w写入分区表保存
q退出
2.2.重新载入磁盘分区信息
无返回就是载入磁盘信息成功，针对磁盘进行操作
partprobe /dev/vdb
注意：
使用fdisk工具只是将分区信息写到磁盘，
在格式化分区值前需要使用partprobe让kernel重新读取分区信息，如果不成功则需要重启系统
2.3.对磁盘分区进行格式化
使用ext4文件系统
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1
2.4.格式化完成后续优化配置，取消磁盘自检
tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1
3.分区挂载
3.1.挂载磁盘分区到指定目录
mkdir -p /data mount /dev/vdb1 /data
3.2.配置开机自动挂载分区
/etc/fstab 增加一行
vim /etc/fstab ------------------------------------------------------- /dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------
5.实例演示：使用Ubuntu系统进行磁盘分区操作
5.1.查看磁盘分区信息
root@zstest:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.6G 3.2M 1.6G 1% /run /dev/vda1 50G 5.7G 41G 13% / tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
5.2.列表查看磁盘信息
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
5.3.对磁盘vdb进行分区
root@zstest:~# fdisk /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table. Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x63c3e6e0. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-104857599, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-104857599, default 104857599): Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 GiB. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
5.4.查看分区信息
root@zstest:~# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xd6804155 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vda1 * 2048 104855551 104853504 50G 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x63c3e6e0 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/vdb1 2048 104857599 104855552 50G 83 Linux
5.5.重新载入磁盘分区信息
root@zstest:~# partprobe /dev/vdb
5.6.对指定磁盘分区进行格式化，使用ext4文件系统
root@zstest:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Creating filesystem with 13106944 4k blocks and 3276800 inodes Filesystem UUID: 047fb8b0-e6ed-42db-bf5c-2a6d388fc34d Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
5.7.根据提示进行操作，取消磁盘自检
root@zstest:~# tune2fs -c -1 /dev/vdb1 tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Setting maximal mount count to -1
5.8.挂载分区到指定目录
mkdir -p /data mount /dev/vdb1 /data
5.9.配置开机自动挂载分区
vim /etc/fstab ------------------------------------------------------- # made by tssc /dev/vdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------
完毕，呵呵呵呵