吴裕雄--天生自然python编程：实例(3)

# 返回 x 在 arr 中的索引，如果不存在返回 -1
def binarySearch (arr, l, r, x): 
  
    # 基本判断
    if r >= l: 
  
        mid = int(l + (r - l)/2)
  
        # 元素整好的中间位置
        if arr[mid] == x: 
            return mid 
          
        # 元素小于中间位置的元素，只需要再比较左边的元素
        elif arr[mid] > x: 
            return binarySearch(arr, l, mid-1, x) 
  
        # 元素大于中间位置的元素，只需要再比较右边的元素
        else: 
            return binarySearch(arr, mid+1, r, x) 
  
    else: 
        # 不存在
        return -1
  
# 测试数组
arr = [ 2, 3, 4, 10, 40 ] 
x = 10
  
# 函数调用
result = binarySearch(arr, 0, len(arr)-1, x) 
  
if result != -1: 
    print ("元素在数组中的索引为 %d" % result )
else: 
    print ("元素不在数组中")

def search(arr, n, x): 
  
    for i in range (0, n): 
        if (arr[i] == x): 
            return i; 
    return -1; 
  
# 在数组 arr 中查找字符 D
arr = [ 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E' ]; 
x = 'D'; 
n = len(arr); 
result = search(arr, n, x) 
if(result == -1): 
    print("元素不在数组中") 
else: 
    print("元素在数组中的索引为", result);

def insertionSort(arr): 
  
    for i in range(1, len(arr)): 
  
        key = arr[i] 
  
        j = i-1
        while j >=0 and key < arr[j] : 
                arr[j+1] = arr[j] 
                j -= 1
        arr[j+1] = key 
  
arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6] 
insertionSort(arr) 
print ("排序后的数组:") 
for i in range(len(arr)): 
    print ("%d" %arr[i])

def partition(arr,low,high): 
    i = ( low-1 )         # 最小元素索引
    pivot = arr[high]     
    for j in range(low , high): 
  
        # 当前元素小于或等于 pivot 
        if   arr[j] <= pivot: 
          
            i = i+1 
            arr[i],arr[j] = arr[j],arr[i] 
  
    arr[i+1],arr[high] = arr[high],arr[i+1] 
    return ( i+1 ) 
  
# arr[] --> 排序数组
# low  --> 起始索引
# high  --> 结束索引
  
# 快速排序函数
def quickSort(arr,low,high): 
    if low < high: 
  
        pi = partition(arr,low,high) 
  
        quickSort(arr, low, pi-1) 
        quickSort(arr, pi+1, high) 
  
arr = [10, 7, 8, 9, 1, 5] 
n = len(arr) 
quickSort(arr,0,n-1) 
print ("排序后的数组:") 
for i in range(n): 
    print ("%d" %arr[i]),

import sys 
A = [64, 25, 12, 22, 11] 
  
for i in range(len(A)): 
      
   
    min_idx = i 
    for j in range(i+1, len(A)): 
        if A[min_idx] > A[j]: 
            min_idx = j 
                
    A[i], A[min_idx] = A[min_idx], A[i] 
  
print ("排序后的数组：") 
for i in range(len(A)): 
    print("%d" %A[i]),

def bubbleSort(arr):
    n = len(arr)
 
    # 遍历所有数组元素
    for i in range(n):
 
        # Last i elements are already in place
        for j in range(0, n-i-1):
 
            if arr[j] > arr[j+1] :
                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
 
arr = [64, 34, 25, 12, 22, 11, 90]
 
bubbleSort(arr)
 
print ("排序后的数组:")
for i in range(len(arr)):
    print ("%d" %arr[i]),

def merge(arr, l, m, r): 
    n1 = m - l + 1
    n2 = r- m 
  
    # 创建临时数组
    L = [0] * (n1)
    R = [0] * (n2)
  
    # 拷贝数据到临时数组 arrays L[] 和 R[] 
    for i in range(0 , n1): 
        L[i] = arr[l + i] 
  
    for j in range(0 , n2): 
        R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j] 
  
    # 归并临时数组到 arr[l..r] 
    i = 0     # 初始化第一个子数组的索引
    j = 0     # 初始化第二个子数组的索引
    k = l     # 初始归并子数组的索引
  
    while i < n1 and j < n2 : 
        if L[i] <= R[j]: 
            arr[k] = L[i] 
            i += 1
        else: 
            arr[k] = R[j] 
            j += 1
        k += 1
  
    # 拷贝 L[] 的保留元素
    while i < n1: 
        arr[k] = L[i] 
        i += 1
        k += 1
  
    # 拷贝 R[] 的保留元素
    while j < n2: 
        arr[k] = R[j] 
        j += 1
        k += 1
  
def mergeSort(arr,l,r): 
    if l < r: 
        m = int((l+(r-1))/2)
        mergeSort(arr, l, m) 
        mergeSort(arr, m+1, r) 
        merge(arr, l, m, r) 
  
arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7] 
n = len(arr) 
print ("给定的数组") 
for i in range(n): 
    print ("%d" %arr[i]), 
  
mergeSort(arr,0,n-1) 
print ("

排序后的数组") 
for i in range(n): 
    print ("%d" %arr[i]),

def heapify(arr, n, i): 
    largest = i  
    l = 2 * i + 1     # left = 2*i + 1 
    r = 2 * i + 2     # right = 2*i + 2 
  
    if l < n and arr[i] < arr[l]: 
        largest = l 
  
    if r < n and arr[largest] < arr[r]: 
        largest = r 
  
    if largest != i: 
        arr[i],arr[largest] = arr[largest],arr[i]  # 交换
  
        heapify(arr, n, largest) 
  
def heapSort(arr): 
    n = len(arr) 
  
    # Build a maxheap. 
    for i in range(n, -1, -1): 
        heapify(arr, n, i) 
  
    # 一个个交换元素
    for i in range(n-1, 0, -1): 
        arr[i], arr[0] = arr[0], arr[i]   # 交换
        heapify(arr, i, 0) 
  
arr = [ 12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7] 
heapSort(arr) 
n = len(arr) 
print ("排序后") 
for i in range(n): 
    print ("%d" %arr[i]),

def countSort(arr): 
    output = [0 for i in range(256)] 
    count = [0 for i in range(256)] 
    ans = ["" for _ in arr] 
    for i in arr: 
        count[ord(i)] += 1
    for i in range(256): 
        count[i] += count[i-1] 
    for i in range(len(arr)): 
        output[count[ord(arr[i])]-1] = arr[i] 
        count[ord(arr[i])] -= 1
    for i in range(len(arr)): 
        ans[i] = output[i] 
    return ans  
  
arr = "wwwrunoobcom"
ans = countSort(arr) 
print ( "字符数组排序 %s"  %("".join(ans)) )

def shellSort(arr): 
    n = len(arr)
    gap = int(n/2)
    while gap > 0: 
        for i in range(gap,n): 
            temp = arr[i] 
            j = i 
            while  j >= gap and arr[j-gap] >temp: 
                arr[j] = arr[j-gap] 
                j -= gap 
            arr[j] = temp 
        gap = int(gap/2)
  
arr = [ 12, 34, 54, 2, 3] 
  
n = len(arr) 
print ("排序前:") 
for i in range(n): 
    print(arr[i]), 
  
shellSort(arr) 
  
print ("
排序后:") 
for i in range(n): 
    print(arr[i]),

from collections import defaultdict 
 
class Graph: 
    def __init__(self,vertices): 
        self.graph = defaultdict(list) 
        self.V = vertices
  
    def addEdge(self,u,v): 
        self.graph[u].append(v) 
  
    def topologicalSortUtil(self,v,visited,stack): 
  
        visited[v] = True
  
        for i in self.graph[v]: 
            if visited[i] == False: 
                self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack) 
  
        stack.insert(0,v) 
  
    def topologicalSort(self): 
        visited = [False]*self.V 
        stack =[] 
  
        for i in range(self.V): 
            if visited[i] == False: 
                self.topologicalSortUtil(i,visited,stack) 
  
        print (stack) 
  
g= Graph(6) 
g.addEdge(5, 2); 
g.addEdge(5, 0); 
g.addEdge(4, 0); 
g.addEdge(4, 1); 
g.addEdge(2, 3); 
g.addEdge(3, 1); 
  
print ("拓扑排序结果：")
g.topologicalSort()