c#学习心得（5）数据采集上位机开发

写在前面：

纪念一下2020/7/21 第一个使用C#开发的上位机项目整体框架成型，具体是采集传感器的力，并计算，实时显示力曲线，并将数据保存，

最初使用labview做出大致的效果，但是有一些bug,没有深入调试。而后因为visionpro的原因接触到C#,选择在.Net框架下开发上位机的Winform

程序，虽然真正用在其中的时间不多，但是也有想法到现在也过去几个月了。看了很多前辈的博客，参考了很多MSDN上的案例。非常感谢，特此

贴下源码，供其他同学参考，欢迎各位前辈评点。转载请注明博客来源

上位机功能：采集传感器力（串口通讯），计算强度，实时显示力曲线，保存原始数据到表格。

界面如下：

源码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.Charting;
using System.Globalization;
using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;//不能直接引用和chart冲突
using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel;
using System.IO;


namespace HostCoumputer_edition1
{
    
    public partial class frmDataRecive : Form
    {
        //实例化一个先进先出的队列
        private Queue<double> dataqueue = new Queue<double>(200);
        //每次删除或增加的点?????
        int num = 1;
        //定义一个接收15个字节的数组
        private byte[] receivedData = new byte[15];
        //定义全局变量txt 此处还需要更改如何使图表不更新这个初始值
        string txt;
        //定义一个timer变量？（字段）
      //  private static System.Timers.Timer t;
        private SerialPort sp;
        //定义一个bool变量控制serialport和timer的开启
      //  bool btnstop = false;
   

        public frmDataRecive()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void btnStart_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
           
          
                SetSerialPort();
                InitChart();
               
                this.timer1.Start();
            
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 设置串口参数
        /// </summary>
        private void SetSerialPort()
        {
           // int a = int.Parse(cbBaudateRate.Text);
           // int b = int.Parse(cbDataBits.Text);

            sp = new SerialPort();
            sp.BaudRate = 9600 ;
            sp.PortName = "COM1";
            sp.DataBits = 8;
            sp.Parity = Parity.None;
            sp.StopBits = StopBits.One;
            sp.ReadTimeout = -1;

            sp.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler (serialPortDatarecived);
            if (sp.IsOpen)
            {
                sp.Close();

            }
         
            //设置 DataReceived 事件发生前内部输入缓冲区中的字节数为13
            sp.ReceivedBytesThreshold = 15;
          
          try
            {
                sp.Open();
            }
           catch (System.Exception ex)
           {
               MessageBox.Show("未能打开串口.
" + ex.Message);
            }
          
      
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// datarecived方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void serialPortDatarecived(object sender,
                        SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
        {

           sp = (SerialPort)sender;
            sp.Read(receivedData, 0, 15);
            //可将鼠标放在函数上查看注释 GetString(Byte[], Int32, Int32) The index of the first byte to decode.
            //选择数据中有用的几位
            txt = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(receivedData, 7, 4);
            sp.DiscardInBuffer();
            
           
        }
       
        private void InitChart()
        {
            //定义图表区域
            this.chart1.ChartAreas.Clear();
            ChartArea chartArea1 = new ChartArea("C1");
            this.chart1.ChartAreas.Add(chartArea1);
            //定义存储和显示点的容器
            this.chart1.Series.Clear();
            Series series1 = new Series("S1");
            series1.ChartArea = "C1";
            this.chart1.Series.Add(series1);
            //设置图表显示样式
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Minimum = 0;
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Maximum = 150;
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Minimum = 0;
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.Maximum =500;
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.Interval = 10;
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisX.MajorGrid.LineColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;
            this.chart1.ChartAreas[0].AxisY.MajorGrid.LineColor = System.Drawing.Color.Silver;
            //设置标题
            this.chart1.Titles.Clear();
            this.chart1.Titles.Add("S01");
            this.chart1.Titles[0].Text = "力曲线显示";
            this.chart1.Titles[0].ForeColor = Color.RoyalBlue;
            this.chart1.Titles[0].Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Microsoft Sans Serif", 12F);
            //设置图表显示样式
            this.chart1.Series[0].Color = Color.Red;
            this.chart1.Titles[0].Text = string.Format("力曲 {0} 显示", "线");
            this.chart1.Series[0].ChartType = SeriesChartType.Spline;
            this.chart1.Series[0].Points.Clear();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 更新数据
        /// </summary>
        private void upData(double d)
        {
            if (dataqueue.Count > 100)
            {

                for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
                {

                    dataqueue.Dequeue();


                }
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
            {
                dataqueue.Enqueue(d);
            }
           

        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 找到最大值
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void findMaxValue()
        {
    
                    this.Invoke(new EventHandler(delegate
                    {
                        cbFmaxValue.Text = Convert.ToString(dataqueue.Max ());

                    }));
        }
            
                
        

        private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.timer1.Stop();
            calculateIFSS();
            saveToXls();
            // Display the list in an Excel spreadsheet.
            DisplayInExcel();

        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 定时器函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //定义全局变量txt 此处还需要更改如何使图表不更新这个初始值（参数传递）
            if (!(txt == null))
            {
                double dt = double.Parse(txt);
                upData(dt);
            }
           
            
            this.chart1.Series[0].Points.Clear();
            for (int i = 0; i < dataqueue.Count; i++)
            {
                this.chart1.Series[0].Points.AddXY((i + 1), dataqueue.ElementAt(i));
                findMaxValue();
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 计算强度
        /// </summary>
        private void calculateIFSS()
        {
            try
            {
                double vifss;
                double le = double.Parse(cbLenth.Text);//最好设置默认值或者消息弹出框
                double d = double.Parse(cbDiameter.Text);
                double fmax = double.Parse(cbFmaxValue.Text);

                vifss = fmax / (3.14 * d * le);

                this.Invoke(new EventHandler(delegate
                {
                    cbIfssValue.Text = Convert.ToString(vifss);

                }));
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("出问题了 你自己看着办");
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 保存数据至表格
        /// </summary>
        private string saveToXls()
        {
            String[] format ={"d","t" };
            CultureInfo cultures = CultureInfo.CreateSpecificCulture("de-DE");
            string y = DateTime.Now.ToString(format[0], cultures );
            string t = DateTime.Now.ToString(format[1], cultures);
           //string.Replace函数去掉影响字符串格式的符号（如“：”）
            textBox1.Text = y.Replace (".","") + t.Replace (":","") ;//设置文件名
            string s = y.Replace(".", "") + t.Replace(":", "");
            return s;
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// NPOI写数据到表格
        /// </summary>
        private void DisplayInExcel()
        {
            HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
            //创建工作表
            var sheet = workbook.CreateSheet();
            //创建标题行（重点）
            var row = sheet.CreateRow(0);
            //创建单元格
            
            var cellnum = row.CreateCell(0);
            cellnum.SetCellValue("序号");
            var celldata = row.CreateCell(1);
            celldata.SetCellValue("F/mN");
            var cellfmax = row.CreateCell(2);
            cellfmax.SetCellValue("Fmax/mN");
            var cellifss = row.CreateCell(4);
            cellifss.SetCellValue("IFSS/Mpa");
            //将力最大值与IFSS写入第二行
         
            var cellfmaxvalue = row.CreateCell(3);
            cellfmaxvalue.SetCellValue(cbFmaxValue .Text );
            var cellifssvalue = row.CreateCell(5);
            cellifssvalue.SetCellValue(cbIfssValue.Text);
            //将数据循环写入表格
            for (int i = 0; i < dataqueue.Count; i++)
            {
                var rowx = sheet.CreateRow(i + 1);
                var cellnumvalue = rowx.CreateCell(0);
                cellnumvalue.SetCellValue(i + 1);
                var celldatavalue = rowx.CreateCell(1);
                celldatavalue.SetCellValue(dataqueue.ElementAt(i));
            }
            string s = saveToXls();
            string path =@"C:UsersadminDesktop"+ s+".xls";//文件格式不能带“：”号
            
            FileStream file = new FileStream(path, FileMode.CreateNew, FileAccess.Write);
            workbook.Write(file);
            file.Dispose();
        }
    }
}