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  • ORACLE11g 没有控制文件如何通过rman备份恢复数据的详细实战过程

    1、副总裁需要裸恢复的严峻现实

    集团总部的信息部负责人给我打电话说为了找一年前的记录,所以需要对一年前2015年5月1日的数据进行恢复。而2016年初因为进行迁移,所以有些文件可能丢失,手上只有rman全备文件,希望在一天之内找回,集团一个副总裁在等着这个数据有急用。

    我在电话里面说马上去做,接完电话,想到只有rman备份文件,而且是备份的数据文件,没有控制文件没有参数文件的备份,所以普通的

    (1)      先恢复控制文件restore controlfile from ‘…bak’;

    (2)      然后catalog start with ‘/data/2015-05-01/’注册备份文件,

    (3)      最后restore database;recover database;恢复数据库

    三板斧的常规途径是彻底的行不通了,咋办?咋办?咋办呢?……

    2、先进行数据文件的剥离

    突然想起以前记得看过关于restoreDatafileTo数据抽取的操作思路,大概是如果没有控制文件后,可以从rman的数据文件备份和归档日志备份里面抽取数据文件,然后重新建立控制文件,再用resetlogs方式打开数据库:

    因为抽取命令里面需要填写一个个数据文件,这里有个前提是自己要熟悉自己的Oracle实例的文件目录,知道备份的时候oracle实例有多少个数据文件(包括文件存放目录),这样就可以快速的整理出来抽取命令的sql。如果这些都忘记了,还可以去备份日志文件里面去查看check下,一般备份日志文件里面都会有的。

    根据以前记录整理下抽取命令:

    DECLARE

     devtype varchar2(256);

     done boolean;

     BEGIN

      devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>06, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>07, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>08, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>09, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>10, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>11, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done, handle=>'/data/2015-05-01/full_POWERDES_20150501_3566.bak', params=>null);

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

      END;

    执行过程如下:

    [oracle@pldb236 oradata]$ rlwrap sqlplus / as sysdba

    SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Oct 17 21:19:32 2016

    Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

    Connected to:

    Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

    With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

    DECLARE

    owerdes/system01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf');

     devtype varchar2(256);

     done boolean;

     BEGIN

      devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>06, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>07, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>08, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>09, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>10, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>11, toname=>'/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf');

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done, handle=>'/data/2015-05-01/full_POWERDES_20150501_3566.bak', params=>null);

      sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

      END;

     21  / 

    PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

    SQL>

    后台alert日志会显示正在不停的剥离出文件到指定目录里面去:

    CKPT started with pid=13, OS id=23993

    Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

    SMON started with pid=14, OS id=23995

    Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

    RECO started with pid=15, OS id=23997

    Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

    MMON started with pid=16, OS id=23999

    starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...

    Mon Oct 17 21:16:59 2016

    MMNL started with pid=17, OS id=24001

    starting up 1 shared server(s) ...

    ORACLE_BASE from environment = /oracle/app/oracle

    Mon Oct 17 21:20:14 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 7 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:27

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11082135537

    Full restore complete of datafile 8 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:03

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 9881798870

    Full restore complete of datafile 9 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:01

      checkpoint is 11106141982

    Mon Oct 17 21:20:32 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 10 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:10

      checkpoint is 11106141982

    Mon Oct 17 21:21:25 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 3 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:01:23

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11106022955

      Undo Optimization current scn is 11106076830

    Mon Oct 17 21:22:28 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 4 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:02:53

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11082633897

    Mon Oct 17 21:23:47 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 11 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:04:11

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11100156728

    Mon Oct 17 21:25:30 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 1 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:05:34

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11039454999

      Undo Optimization current scn is 11106076830

    Mon Oct 17 21:28:10 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 2 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:08:27

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11101587434

    Mon Oct 17 21:29:11 2016

    Full restore complete of datafile 6 to datafile copy /home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:09:33

      checkpoint is 11106141982

      last deallocation scn is 11082142314

    3、建立控制文件

    数据文件抽取成功后,需要单独自己创建控制文件,如果不知道如何创建controlfile的命令,可以在线上生成trace文件一般默认的控制文件是二进制的,打开来是乱码的 ,备份一个trace出来 可以打开看到语句了,$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/udump目录下,生成的新的 trace 文件里,trace文件有生成控制文件的脚本,使用如下命令alter database backup controlfile to trace as'/oracle/app/oracle/admin/powerdes/pfile/control.sql';可以得到创建控制文件的sql命令。

    这里有个前提是自己要熟悉自己的oracle实例的文件目录,知道备份的时候oracle实例有多少个数据文件,有多少个redo log文件,这样就可以快速的整理出来创建控制文件的sql。如果这些都忘记了,还可以去备份日志文件里面去查看check下,一般备份日志文件里面都会有的。

    整理出来创建控制文件sql命令如下:

    (1)命令如下

    CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "POWERDES" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

        MAXLOGFILES 16

        MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

        MAXDATAFILES 100

        MAXINSTANCES 8

        MAXLOGHISTORY 2920

    DATAFILE

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf'

    LOGFILE

      GROUP 1 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

      GROUP 2 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

      GROUP 3 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

    CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

    (2)执行过程如下:

    SQL>

    CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "POWERDES" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

        MAXLOGFILES 16

        MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

        MAXDATAFILES 100

        MAXINSTANCES 8

        MAXLOGHISTORY 2920

    DATAFILE

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf',

      '/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf'

    LOGFILE

      GROUP 1 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

      GROUP 2 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,

      GROUP 3 '/home/oradata/powerdes/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512

     23  CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;

    Control file created.

    SQL>

    4、进行数据恢复

    开始执行数据恢复,还是依然在sql窗口里面进行操作的,操作如下:

    #(1) 执行recover恢复

    SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel ;

    ORA-00279: change 11106141982 generated at 05/01/2015 03:00:08 needed for

    thread 1

    ORA-00289: suggestion :

    /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2016_10_17/o1_mf_1_32

    117_%u_.arc

    ORA-00280: change 11106141982 for thread 1 is in sequence #32117

    Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}  # 这里一般选择输入cancel即可

    cancel

    ORA-10879: error signaled in parallel recovery slave

    ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

    ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent

    ORA-01110: data file 2: '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf'

    SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

    alter database open resetlogs

    *

    ERROR at line 1:

    ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent

    ORA-01110: data file 2: '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf'

    # 这时,我们无法将数据库打开,一直报ORA-01194错误,说明数据库的SCN号和数据文件的SCN号不一致了。这是因为控制文件我们不是从备份集里面恢复回来的,而是在抽取数据文件后手动建立的控制文件,因此要比数据文件的SCN号要大(甚至特殊情况当前的数据库的会是0)。通过对v$database和v$datafile的checkpoint_change#列的查询,可以确定出本次操作中当前数据库的checkpoint_chenage#为0,两者完全不一致导致通过resetlogs打开数据库异常。

    Bty:如果这里当前数据库v$database的值不为0,但是仍然比数据文件v$datafile里面的值大,那么则会不停报ORA-01152错误。

    SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

    CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

    ------------------

                        0

    SQL> select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

         FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

    ---------- ------------------

              1        1.1106E+10

              2        1.1106E+10

              3        1.1106E+10

              4        1.1106E+10

              5        1.1106E+10

              6        1.1106E+10

              7        1.1106E+10

              8        1.1106E+10

              9        1.1106E+10

             10        1.1106E+10

             11        1.1106E+10

    11 rows selected.

    SQL>

     文章源地址:http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/52852157,未经过作者mchdba(黄杉)允许,谢绝转载。

    怎么办呢?这个时候,就需要我们使用_allow_resetlogs_corruption的隐含参数来处理了。

    整个调整的目标是强制启动数据库,设置此参数之后,在数据库Open过程中,Oracle会跳过某些一致性检查,从而使数据库可能跳过不一致状态,Open打开:

    # 启动隐含参数

    SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=true scope=spfile;

    System altered.

    SQL> # 然后重启数据库,使参数生效,在此基础上再次恢复数据库

    SQL> shutdown immediate;

    ORA-01109: database not open

    Database dismounted.

    ORACLE instance shut down.

    SQL> startup mount;

    ORACLE instance started.

    Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes

    Fixed Size              2213936 bytes

    Variable Size              4898949072 bytes

    Database Buffers    1744830464 bytes

    Redo Buffers                34922496 bytes

    Database mounted.

    SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

    ORA-00279: change 11106141982 generated at 05/01/2015 03:00:08 needed for

    thread 1

    ORA-00289: suggestion :

    /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/POWERDES/archivelog/2016_10_17/o1_mf_1_32

    117_%u_.arc

    ORA-00280: change 11106141982 for thread 1 is in sequence #32117

    Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

    cancel

    ORA-10879: error signaled in parallel recovery slave

    ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below

    ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent

    ORA-01110: data file 2: '/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf'

    # 然后使用resetlogs打开数据库,成功了。

    SQL>  alter database open resetlogs;

    Database altered.

    SQL>

    # 然后检查scn,都是统一的了。

    select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

    select file#,checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

    然后使用业务表数据来判断是否已经恢复成功到这一天,查看后确认成功:

    SQL> select t2.* from(select t.uiid,t.updated_date from plas.plas_acct t where t.updated_date is not null   order by t.updated_date desc ) t2 where rownum <10;

    UIID                                                  UPDATED_DATE

    -------------------------------------------------- ------------

    wangyu1                                                  01-MAY-15

    gaihy                                                          01-MAY-15

    xuhl                                                   01-MAY-15

    dingchuan1                                               01-MAY-15

    zhangcong                                                01-MAY-15

    chenwh2                                                  01-MAY-15

    yuli2                                                  01-MAY-15

    zhangxya                                         01-MAY-15

    qiuwj                                                          01-MAY-15

    9 rows selected.

    SQL>

    至此,没有控制文件下通过rman恢复一年的数据做成了,然后通过expdp导出需要的数据,之后对数据库进行恢复或者重建等等。

    转:http://blog.csdn.net/mchdba/article/details/52852157

    文章可以转载,必须以链接形式标明出处。

    本文转自 张冲andy 博客园博客,原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/andy6/p/5974859.html   ,如需转载请自行联系原作者

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/twodog/p/12138749.html
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