Java中String、StringBuilder、StringBuffer常用源码分析及比较（二）：StringBuilder、StringBuffer源码分析

StringBuilder：

一、构造方法：

/**
     * Constructs a string builder with no characters in it and an
     * initial capacity of 16 characters.
     */
    public StringBuilder() {
        super(16);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a string builder with no characters in it and an
     * initial capacity specified by the <code>capacity</code> argument.
     *
     * @param      capacity  the initial capacity.
     * @throws     NegativeArraySizeException  if the <code>capacity</code>
     *               argument is less than <code>0</code>.
     */
    public StringBuilder(int capacity) {
        super(capacity);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a string builder initialized to the contents of the
     * specified string. The initial capacity of the string builder is
     * <code>16</code> plus the length of the string argument.
     *
     * @param   str   the initial contents of the buffer.
     * @throws    NullPointerException if <code>str</code> is <code>null</code>
     */
    public StringBuilder(String str) {
        super(str.length() + 16);
        append(str);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a string builder that contains the same characters
     * as the specified <code>CharSequence</code>. The initial capacity of
     * the string builder is <code>16</code> plus the length of the
     * <code>CharSequence</code> argument.
     *
     * @param      seq   the sequence to copy.
     * @throws    NullPointerException if <code>seq</code> is <code>null</code>
     */
    public StringBuilder(CharSequence seq) {
        this(seq.length() + 16);
        append(seq);
    }

从代码可知，StringBuilder的不管哪个构造方法，都用到了父类AbstractStringBuilder的构造方法，那么来看一下它的父类AbstractStringBuilder。

成员变量+构造方法：

/**
     * The value is used for character storage.
     */
    char[] value;

    /**
     * The count is the number of characters used.
     */
    int count;

    /**
     * This no-arg constructor is necessary for serialization of subclasses.
     */
    AbstractStringBuilder() {
    }

    /**
     * Creates an AbstractStringBuilder of the specified capacity.
     */
    AbstractStringBuilder(int capacity) {
        value = new char[capacity];
    }

从该父类就可以看出，StringBuilder与String一样是通过char数组value来存字符串，但不一样的是这个value数组没有用final修饰，这也是StringBuilder可以直接通过改变value做字符串拼接的原因。StringBuilder可以直接通过构造方法直接初始化value容量大小，值得注意的是，AbstractStringBuilder类拥有一个变量count，用来表示char数组中字符串真实长度，故以下两个方法，length方法返回的是该StringBuilder中字符串的真实长度，capacity方法返回的是value数组的容量。

/**
     * Returns the length (character count).
     *
     * @return  the length of the sequence of characters currently
     *          represented by this object
     */
    public int length() {
        return count;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current capacity. The capacity is the amount of storage
     * available for newly inserted characters, beyond which an allocation
     * will occur.
     *
     * @return  the current capacity
     */
    public int capacity() {
        return value.length;
    }

成员方法：

append方法：

public StringBuilder append(Object obj) {
        return append(String.valueOf(obj));
    }

    public StringBuilder append(String str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

    // Appends the specified string builder to this sequence.
    private StringBuilder append(StringBuilder sb) {
        if (sb == null)
            return append("null");
        int len = sb.length();
        int newcount = count + len;
        if (newcount > value.length)
            expandCapacity(newcount);
        sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count = newcount;
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends the specified <tt>StringBuffer</tt> to this sequence.
     * <p>
     * The characters of the <tt>StringBuffer</tt> argument are appended,
     * in order, to this sequence, increasing the
     * length of this sequence by the length of the argument.
     * If <tt>sb</tt> is <tt>null</tt>, then the four characters
     * <tt>"null"</tt> are appended to this sequence.
     * <p>
     * Let <i>n</i> be the length of this character sequence just prior to
     * execution of the <tt>append</tt> method. Then the character at index
     * <i>k</i> in the new character sequence is equal to the character at
     * index <i>k</i> in the old character sequence, if <i>k</i> is less than
     * <i>n</i>; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index <i>k-n</i>
     * in the argument <code>sb</code>.
     *
     * @param   sb   the <tt>StringBuffer</tt> to append.
     * @return  a reference to this object.
     */
    public StringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {
        super.append(sb);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     */
    public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s) {
        if (s == null)
            s = "null";
        if (s instanceof String)
            return this.append((String)s);
        if (s instanceof StringBuffer)
            return this.append((StringBuffer)s);
        if (s instanceof StringBuilder)
            return this.append((StringBuilder)s);
        return this.append(s, 0, s.length());
    }

    /**
     * @throws     IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) {
        super.append(s, start, end);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(char[] str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public StringBuilder append(char[] str, int offset, int len) {
        super.append(str, offset, len);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(boolean b) {
        super.append(b);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(char c) {
        super.append(c);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(int i) {
        super.append(i);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(long lng) {
        super.append(lng);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(float f) {
        super.append(f);
        return this;
    }

    public StringBuilder append(double d) {
        super.append(d);
        return this;
    }

可以看出StringBuilder的append方法还是来自它的父类AbstractStringBuilder，直接贴上父类append，只列出几个常用的

/**
     * Appends the string representation of the {@code Object} argument.
     * <p>
     * The overall effect is exactly as if the argument were converted
     * to a string by the method {@link String#valueOf(Object)},
     * and the characters of that string were then
     * {@link #append(String) appended} to this character sequence.
     *
     * @param   obj   an {@code Object}.
     * @return  a reference to this object.
     */
    public AbstractStringBuilder append(Object obj) {
        return append(String.valueOf(obj));
    }

    /**
     * Appends the specified string to this character sequence.
     * <p>
     * The characters of the {@code String} argument are appended, in
     * order, increasing the length of this sequence by the length of the
     * argument. If {@code str} is {@code null}, then the four
     * characters {@code "null"} are appended.
     * <p>
     * Let <i>n</i> be the length of this character sequence just prior to
     * execution of the {@code append} method. Then the character at
     * index <i>k</i> in the new character sequence is equal to the character
     * at index <i>k</i> in the old character sequence, if <i>k</i> is less
     * than <i>n</i>; otherwise, it is equal to the character at index
     * <i>k-n</i> in the argument {@code str}.
     *
     * @param   str   a string.
     * @return  a reference to this object.
     */
    public AbstractStringBuilder append(String str) {
        if (str == null) str = "null";
        int len = str.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        str.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count += len;
        return this;
    }

    // Documentation in subclasses because of synchro difference
    public AbstractStringBuilder append(StringBuffer sb) {
        if (sb == null)
            return append("null");
        int len = sb.length();
        ensureCapacityInternal(count + len);
        sb.getChars(0, len, value, count);
        count += len;
        return this;
    }

通过可以看出以上代码看出两点：1.append对传入的参数进行了判空，且为空是将字符串“null”拼接了进去，与String类型的‘+’拼接null字符串一样

2.如果values的容量大小不足以装下拼接后的字符串，会重建一个value，并将之前的value复制进去，具体反映在：

/**
     * This method has the same contract as ensureCapacity, but is
     * never synchronized.
     */
    private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minimumCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        if (minimumCapacity - value.length > 0)
            expandCapacity(minimumCapacity);
    }

/**
     * This implements the expansion semantics of ensureCapacity with no
     * size check or synchronization.
     */
    void expandCapacity(int minimumCapacity) {
        int newCapacity = value.length * 2 + 2;
        if (newCapacity - minimumCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minimumCapacity;
        if (newCapacity < 0) {
            if (minimumCapacity < 0) // overflow
                throw new OutOfMemoryError();
            newCapacity = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        value = Arrays.copyOf(value, newCapacity);
    }

public static char[] copyOf(char[] original, int newLength) {
        char[] copy = new char[newLength];
        System.arraycopy(original, 0, copy, 0,
                         Math.min(original.length, newLength));
        return copy;
    }

StringBuffer：

public final class StringBuffer
    extends AbstractStringBuilder
    implements java.io.Serializable, CharSequence

通过StringBuffer类的定义及构造方法，我们可以看到其实和StringBuilder非常类似甚至完全一样，不必多说，StringBuffer也是通过char数组value

来存字符串，且一样是没有final修饰。

append方法：

public synchronized StringBuffer append(Object obj) {
        super.append(String.valueOf(obj));
        return this;
    }

    public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Appends the specified <tt>StringBuffer</tt> to this sequence.
     * <p>
     * The characters of the <tt>StringBuffer</tt> argument are appended,
     * in order, to the contents of this <tt>StringBuffer</tt>, increasing the
     * length of this <tt>StringBuffer</tt> by the length of the argument.
     * If <tt>sb</tt> is <tt>null</tt>, then the four characters
     * <tt>"null"</tt> are appended to this <tt>StringBuffer</tt>.
     * <p>
     * Let <i>n</i> be the length of the old character sequence, the one
     * contained in the <tt>StringBuffer</tt> just prior to execution of the
     * <tt>append</tt> method. Then the character at index <i>k</i> in
     * the new character sequence is equal to the character at index <i>k</i>
     * in the old character sequence, if <i>k</i> is less than <i>n</i>;
     * otherwise, it is equal to the character at index <i>k-n</i> in the
     * argument <code>sb</code>.
     * <p>
     * This method synchronizes on <code>this</code> (the destination)
     * object but does not synchronize on the source (<code>sb</code>).
     *
     * @param   sb   the <tt>StringBuffer</tt> to append.
     * @return  a reference to this object.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public synchronized StringBuffer append(StringBuffer sb) {
        super.append(sb);
        return this;
    }

可以看到与StringBuilder唯一不同的是每个append方法都加了synchronized修饰，即锁（不允许多线程同时访问），这也是StringBuffer是线程安全的，StringBuilder是线程不安全的原因