数据库之mysql多表查询（连表）以及pymysql等相关内容-45

1.多表查询

#建表
create table department(
id int,
name varchar(20) 
);
​
create table employee(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male',
age int,
dep_id int
);
​
#插入数据
insert into department values
(200,'技术'),
(201,'人力资源'),
(202,'销售'),
(203,'运营');
​
insert into employee(name,sex,age,dep_id) values
('egon','male',18,200),
('alex','female',48,201),
('wupeiqi','male',38,201),
('yuanhao','female',28,202),
('liwenzhou','male',18,200),
('jingliyang','female',18,204)
;
​
​
#查看表结构和数据
mysql> desc department;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
​
mysql> desc employee;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum('male','female') | NO | | male | |
| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
​
mysql> select * from department;
+------+--------------+
| id | name |
+------+--------------+
| 200 | 技术 |
| 201 | 人力资源 |
| 202 | 销售 |
| 203 | 运营 |
+------+--------------+
​
mysql> select * from employee;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
​
表department与employee

多表联合查询
# 方案1：链表
把多张物理表合并成一张虚拟表，再进行后续查询
​
#======>内链接：保留两张表有对应关系的记录
select * from emp,dep where emp.dep_id=dep.id;
select dep.name,emp.name from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id=dep.id
    where dep.name = "技术";
​
#======>左链接：在内链接的基础上保留左表的记录
select * from emp left join dep on emp.dep_id=dep.id;
​
#======>右链接：在内链接的基础上保留右表的记录
select * from emp right join dep on emp.dep_id=dep.id;
​
#======>全外链接：在内链接的基础上保留左右表的记录
full join
​
select * from emp left join dep on emp.dep_id=dep.id
union
select * from emp right join dep on emp.dep_id=dep.id;
​
​
示例1：查询所有部门名及对应的员工个数
select dep.name,count(emp.id) from emp right join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id
group by dep.name
;
​
select dep.name,count(emp.id) from emp right join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id
group by dep.name
having count(emp.id) < 2
;
​
#示例2：即找出年龄大于25岁的员工以及员工所在的部门
select emp.name,dep.name from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id where age > 25;
​
​
#示例3：以内连接的方式查询employee和department表，并且以age字段的升序方式显示
​
​
# 把多张表链接到一起：
select * from
(select emp.*,dep.name as dep_name  from emp inner join dep on emp.dep_id = dep.id) as t1
inner join
dep
on t1.dep_id = dep.id
;
​
select * from emp
inner join dep
on emp.dep_id = dep.id
​
inner join dep as t1
on t1.id = dep.id;
​
​
# 查询部门内最新入职的员工
select * from employee
inner join
(select depart_id,max(hire_date) as maxd from employee group by depart_id) as t1
on employee.depart_id = t1.depart_id
where employee.hire_date = t1.maxd
;
​
​
# 方案2：子查询
从一张表中查询出结果，用该结果作为查
询下一张表的过滤条件
select * from employee
where hire_date =  (select max(hire_date) from employee);
​
​
#查询平均年龄在25岁以上的部门名
select * from dep where id in
(select dep_id from emp group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);
​
#查看技术部员工姓名
select * from emp where dep_id in
(select id from dep where name="技术");
​
#查看不足1人的部门名(子查询得到的是有人的部门id)
select * from dep where id not in (select distinct dep_id from emp);
​
select * from dep where exists (select * from emp where id>3);

2.pymysql

import pymysql
​
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', password='123', database='db4', charset='utf8mb4')
# 游标
cursor = conn.cursor()  # 执行•完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示
​
# cursor.execute("insert into user(name,pwd) values('egon','123'),('tom','456'),('jack','111');")
​
# sql="insert into user(name,pwd) values('%s','%s');" %('lili','123')
# cursor.execute(sql)
​
# %s不要加引号
# cursor.execute("insert into user(name,pwd) values(%s,%s);",('kkk','123'))
​
​
username = input("username>>>: ").strip()
password = input("password>>>: ").strip()
# sql = "select * from user where name='%s' and pwd='%s'" %(username,password)
# select * from user where name='egon' -- hello' and pwd='%s'
# select * from user where name='xxx' or 1=1 -- hello' and pwd='%s';
# rows=cursor.execute(sql)
​
rows = cursor.execute("select * from user where name=%s and pwd=%s", (username, password))
​
if rows:
    print('ok')
else:
    print('no')
​
conn.commit()
cursor.close()
conn.close()