1.反射,通过类名来实例化类
//用构造函数动态生成对象: Type t = typeof(NewClassw); Type[] pt = new Type[2]; pt[0] = typeof(string); pt[1] = typeof(string); //根据参数类型获取构造函数 ConstructorInfo ci = t.GetConstructor(pt); //构造Object数组,作为构造函数的输入参数 object[] obj = new object[2]{"grayworm","hi.baidu.com/grayworm"}; //调用构造函数生成对象 object o = ci.Invoke(obj); //调用生成的对象的方法测试是否对象生成成功 //((NewClassw)o).show(); //用Activator生成对象: Type t = typeof(NewClassw); //构造函数的参数 object[] obj = new object[2] { "grayworm", "hi.baidu.com/grayworm" }; //用Activator的CreateInstance静态方法,生成新对象 object o = Activator.CreateInstance(t,"grayworm","hi.baidu.com/grayworm"); //((NewClassw)o).show(); //通过程序集的名称反射 Assembly ass = Assembly.Load("ClassLibrary831"); Type t = ass.GetType("ClassLibrary831.NewClass"); object o = Activator.CreateInstance(t, "grayworm", "http://hi.baidu.com/grayworm"); MethodInfo mi = t.GetMethod("show"); mi.Invoke(o, null); //通过DLL文件全名反射其中的所有类型 Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom("xxx.dll的路径"); Type[] aa = a.GetTypes(); foreach(Type t in aa) { if(t.FullName == "a.b.c") { object o = Activator.CreateInstance(t); } }
2.委托,实际就是函数指针,功能可以用接口代替
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; namespace Delegate { // 热水器 public class Heater { private int temperature; public string type = "RealFire 001"; // 添加型号作为演示 public string area = "China Xian"; // 添加产地作为演示 //声明委托 public delegate void BoiledEventHandler(Object sender, BoiledEventArgs e); public event BoiledEventHandler Boiled; //声明事件 // 定义BoiledEventArgs类,传递给Observer所感兴趣的信息 public class BoiledEventArgs : EventArgs { public readonly int temperature; public BoiledEventArgs(int temperature) { this.temperature = temperature; } } // 可以供继承自 Heater 的类重写,以便继承类拒绝其他对象对它的监视 protected virtual void OnBoiled(BoiledEventArgs e) { if (Boiled != null) { // 如果有对象注册 Boiled(this, e); // 调用所有注册对象的方法 } } // 烧水。 public void BoilWater() { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) { temperature = i; if (temperature > 95) { //建立BoiledEventArgs 对象。 BoiledEventArgs e = new BoiledEventArgs(temperature); OnBoiled(e); // 调用 OnBolied方法 } } } } // 警报器 public class Alarm { public void MakeAlert(Object sender, Heater.BoiledEventArgs e) { Heater heater = (Heater)sender; //这里是不是很熟悉呢? //访问 sender 中的公共字段 Console.WriteLine("Alarm:{0} - {1}: ", heater.area, heater.type); Console.WriteLine("Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀,水已经 {0} 度了:", e.temperature); Console.WriteLine(); } } // 显示器 public class Display { public static void ShowMsg(Object sender, Heater.BoiledEventArgs e) { //静态方法 Heater heater = (Heater)sender; Console.WriteLine("Display:{0} - {1}: ", heater.area, heater.type); Console.WriteLine("Display:水快烧开了,当前温度:{0}度。", e.temperature); Console.WriteLine(); } } class Program { static void Main() { Heater heater = new Heater(); Alarm alarm = new Alarm(); heater.Boiled += alarm.MakeAlert; //注册方法 heater.Boiled += (new Alarm()).MakeAlert; //给匿名对象注册方法 heater.Boiled += new Heater.BoiledEventHandler(alarm.MakeAlert); //也可以这么注册 heater.Boiled += Display.ShowMsg; //注册静态方法 heater.BoilWater(); //烧水,会自动调用注册过对象的方法 } } } 输出为: Alarm:China Xian - RealFire 001: Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀,水已经 96 度了: Alarm:China Xian - RealFire 001: Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀,水已经 96 度了: Alarm:China Xian - RealFire 001: Alarm: 嘀嘀嘀,水已经 96 度了: Display:China Xian - RealFire 001: Display:水快烧开了,当前温度:96度。 // 省略 ...