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  • python学习-模块与包(九)

    9.2加载模块

    import sys
    from pprint import pprint
    pprint(sys.path)
    
    输出结果:
    ['D:\myproject\python_lxf',
     'D:\myproject\python_lxf',
     'D:\soft\PyCharm 2019.3.3\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm_display',
     'D:\soft\python36\python36.zip',
     'D:\soft\python36\DLLs',
     'D:\soft\python36\lib',
     'D:\soft\python36',
     'D:\soft\python36\lib\site-packages',
     'D:\soft\python36\lib\site-packages\geventhttpclient_wheels-1.3.1.dev2-py3.6-win-amd64.egg',
     'D:\soft\python36\lib\site-packages\win32',
     'D:\soft\python36\lib\site-packages\win32\lib',
     'D:\soft\python36\lib\site-packages\Pythonwin',
     'D:\soft\PyCharm '
     '2019.3.3\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend']
    默认的模块加载路径
    >>> import sys
    >>> sys.path.append('/Users/michael/my_py_scripts')
    添加自己的搜索目录

    9.4查看模块内容

    dir(): 返回模块或类所包含的全部程序单元(包括变量、函数、类和方法等)

    __all__:模块本身提供的变量,不会展示以下划线开头的程序单元。另使用from xx import *,是不会导入以下划线开头的程序单元的

    import logging,pprint
    pprint.pprint(dir(logging))
    ['BASIC_FORMAT',
     'BufferingFormatter',
     'CRITICAL',
     'DEBUG',
     'ERROR',
     'FATAL',
     'FileHandler',
     'Filter',
     'Filterer',
     'Formatter',
     'Handler',
     'INFO',
     'LogRecord',
     'Logger',
     'LoggerAdapter',
     'Manager',
     'NOTSET',
     'NullHandler',
     'PercentStyle',
     'PlaceHolder',
     'RootLogger',
     'StrFormatStyle',
     'StreamHandler',
     'StringTemplateStyle',
     'Template',
     'WARN',
     'WARNING',
     '_STYLES',
     '_StderrHandler',
     '__all__',
     '__author__',
     '__builtins__',
     '__cached__',
     '__date__',
     '__doc__',
     '__file__',
     '__loader__',
     '__name__',
     '__package__',
     '__path__',
     '__spec__',
     '__status__',
     '__version__',
     '_acquireLock',
     '_addHandlerRef',
     '_checkLevel',
     '_defaultFormatter',
     '_defaultLastResort',
     '_handlerList',
     '_handlers',
     '_levelToName',
     '_lock',
     '_logRecordFactory',
     '_loggerClass',
     '_nameToLevel',
     '_releaseLock',
     '_removeHandlerRef',
     '_showwarning',
     '_srcfile',
     '_startTime',
     '_warnings_showwarning',
     'addLevelName',
     'atexit',
     'basicConfig',
     'captureWarnings',
     'collections',
     'critical',
     'currentframe',
     'debug',
     'disable',
     'error',
     'exception',
     'fatal',
     'getLevelName',
     'getLogRecordFactory',
     'getLogger',
     'getLoggerClass',
     'info',
     'io',
     'lastResort',
     'log',
     'logMultiprocessing',
     'logProcesses',
     'logThreads',
     'makeLogRecord',
     'os',
     'raiseExceptions',
     'root',
     'setLogRecordFactory',
     'setLoggerClass',
     'shutdown',
     'sys',
     'threading',
     'time',
     'traceback',
     'warn',
     'warning',
     'warnings',
     'weakref']
    pprint.pprint(logging.__all__)
    ['BASIC_FORMAT',
     'BufferingFormatter',
     'CRITICAL',
     'DEBUG',
     'ERROR',
     'FATAL',
     'FileHandler',
     'Filter',
     'Formatter',
     'Handler',
     'INFO',
     'LogRecord',
     'Logger',
     'LoggerAdapter',
     'NOTSET',
     'NullHandler',
     'StreamHandler',
     'WARN',
     'WARNING',
     'addLevelName',
     'basicConfig',
     'captureWarnings',
     'critical',
     'debug',
     'disable',
     'error',
     'exception',
     'fatal',
     'getLevelName',
     'getLogger',
     'getLoggerClass',
     'info',
     'log',
     'makeLogRecord',
     'setLoggerClass',
     'shutdown',
     'warn',
     'warning',
     'getLogRecordFactory',
     'setLogRecordFactory',
     'lastResort',
     'raiseExceptions']
    dir()、__all__

    使用__doc__属性查看文档。另:使用help()函数查看的其实就是程序单元的__doc__属性值

    import string
    help(string.capwords)
    Help on function capwords in module string:
    capwords(s, sep=None)
        capwords(s [,sep]) -> string
        
        Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each
        word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using
        join.  If the optional second argument sep is absent or None,
        runs of whitespace characters are replaced by a single space
        and leading and trailing whitespace are removed, otherwise
        sep is used to split and join the words.
    print(string.capwords.__doc__)
    capwords(s [,sep]) -> string
        Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each
        word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using
        join.  If the optional second argument sep is absent or None,
        runs of whitespace characters are replaced by a single space
        and leading and trailing whitespace are removed, otherwise
        sep is used to split and join the words.
    __doc__与help()

    使用__file__属性查看模块的源文件路径

    import string
    string.__file__
    'E:\soft\Python\Python36\lib\string.py'
    __file__
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang-mengmeng/p/11520564.html
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