系统信息&&硬件信息查看
一系统信息查看
(一)查看系统版本信息
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
[root@centos61 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
(二)查看系统内核版本
[root@centos7 ~]# uname
Linux
[root@centos7 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
[root@centos7 ~]# uname -a
Linux centos7.com 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@centos61 ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
[root@centos61 ~]# uname -a
Linux centos61.com 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue May 10 17:27:01 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
二查看硬件信息
(一)CPU
cpu对应文件
[root@centos61 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 142
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
stepping : 9
microcode : 48
cpu MHz : 2903.998
cache size : 4096 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 1
core id : 0
cpu cores : 1
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 22
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc up arch_perfmon xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc unfair_spinlock pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat xsaveopt fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx
bogomips : 5807.99
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 42 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
注意权限只读
[root@centos7 ~]# ll /proc/cpuinfo
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 6 15:25 /proc/cpuinfo
cpu的重要参数——physical id
physical id:0 表示服务器上CPU的ID号,目前是1颗CPU,ID为0
对CPU处理
计算服务器上CPU颗数
physical id:0
physical id:0
physical id:1
physical id:1
上面显示4次合并就是2颗CPU
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep phy
physical id : 0
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
physical id : 0
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
physical id : 1
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
physical id : 1
address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
[root@centos7 ~]#
快速统计CPU的颗数
[root@centos7 ~]# grep "physical id" /proc/cpuinfo | uniq | wc -l
2
查看每颗CPU核心数
cpu cores:2
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores"
cpu cores : 2
cpu cores : 2
cpu cores : 2
cpu cores : 2
每颗CPU核心数法2
[root@centos7 ~]# lscpu | grep "socket"
Core(s) per socket: 2
服务器CPU总的核心数
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor"
processor : 0
processor : 1
processor : 2
processor : 3
服务器CPU总的核心数法2
[root@centos7 ~]# lscpu | grep "CPU(s)"
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
注意/proc目录中的信息不让改动,目录中的所有数据都存储在内存里面,即使可以修改也不能永久保存。
包含数据内存存储信息、系统信息、内核信息、服务进程信息。
(二)内存
MemTotal: 995924 kB 服务器总的内存容量
MemFree: 772912 kB 服务器内存空闲容量,可能被其他占用了
MemAvailable: 746652 kB 服务器可用内容容量,只要关注这个
Buffers: 2076 kB 缓冲(加快写入数据)
Cached: 78476 kB 缓存(加快读取数据)
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 995924 kB 服务器总的内存容量
MemFree: 772912 kB 服务器内存空闲容量,可能被其他占用了
MemAvailable: 746652 kB 服务器可用内容容量,只要关注这个
Buffers: 2076 kB
Cached: 78476 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 64164 kB
Inactive: 62348 kB
Active(anon): 46372 kB
Inactive(anon): 7380 kB
Active(file): 17792 kB
Inactive(file): 54968 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 1572860 kB
SwapFree: 1572860 kB
Dirty: 0 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 46036 kB
Mapped: 23720 kB
Shmem: 7792 kB
Slab: 44956 kB
SReclaimable: 17504 kB
SUnreclaim: 27452 kB
KernelStack: 4144 kB
PageTables: 4408 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 2070820 kB
Committed_AS: 225284 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 178292 kB
VmallocChunk: 34359310332 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 8192 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 73600 kB
DirectMap2M: 974848 kB
DirectMap1G: 0 kB
(三)磁盘
查看挂载信息:/proc/mounts
[root@centos7 ~]# tail -n2 /proc/mounts
/dev/sda1 /boot xfs rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota 0 0
tmpfs /run/user/0 tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,size=99596k,mode=700 0 0
注意不能达到100%,如果日志文件无法写入那么服务就会出现问题
[root@centos7 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 40G 1.8G 39G 5% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 197M 105M 93M 54% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
模拟占用内存
在企业里面内存不够用就要找领导添加内存了,下面就是证据
[root@centos7 ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 972M 95M 754M 7.6M 122M 729M
Swap: 1.5G 0B 1.5G
[root@centos7 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null bs=1G count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 7.93657 s, 135 MB/s
[root@centos7 ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 972M 54M 856M 1.3M 61M 803M
Swap: 1.5G 49M 1.5G
(四)系统负载情况
CPU压力=系統负载
CPU负载文件
[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/loadavg
0.08 0.05 0.05 1/131 6942
0.08 0.05 0.05
1分钟平均负载 5分钟平均负载 15分钟平均负载
负载数值 <= 总的CPU核心,服务器的核数有很多,比如有128核
因为xshell显示页面太小了
[root@centos7 ~]# w
w: 34 column window is too narrow
[root@centos7 ~]# w
w: 34 column window is too narrow
[root@centos7 ~]# w
w: 34 column window is too narrow
命令行查看系统负载情况
最简单的命令
[root@centos7 ~]# w
12:23:06 up 45 min, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 10.0.0.1 11:37 5:22 0.19s 0.19s -bash
root pts/1 10.0.0.1 11:37 2.00s 0.02s 0.00s w