一:理论知识部分:
(1)集合:集合(Collection或称为容器)是一种包含多个元素并提供对所包含元素操作方法的类,其包含的元素可以由同一类型的对象组成,也可以由不同类型的对象组成。
A:集合类的作用:
– Java的集合类提供了一些基本数据结构的支持。
– 例如Vector、Hashtable、Stack等。
. 集合类的使用:
– Java的集合类包含在java.util包中。
– import java.util.*;
B:集合类的特点:1 只容纳对象(数组可以容纳基本数据类型数据和对象。)
2集合类容纳的对象都是Object类的实例,一旦把一个对象置入集合类中,它的类信息将丢失,这样设计的目的是为了集合类的通用性。
– 因为Object类是所有类的祖先,所以可以在这些集合中存放任何类的对象而不受限制,但切记在使用集合成员之前必须对它重新造型。
(2)vector类
Vector类类似长度可变的数组。
Vector中只能存放对象。
Vector的元素通过下标进行访问。
Vector类关键属性:
– capacity表示集合最多能容纳的元素个数。
– capacityIncrement表示每次增加多少容量。
– size表示集合当前元素个数。
(3)Stack类
�Stack类是Vector的子类。
Stack类描述堆栈数据结构,即LIFO。
(4)Hashtable类。
Hashtable通过键来查找元素。
Hashtable用散列码(hashcode)来确定键。所
有对象都有一个散列码,可以通过Object类的
hashCode()方法获得。�.�
(5).集合框架中的基本接口:
A:Collection:集合层次中的根接口,JDK未提供这个接口的直接实现类。
B:Set:不能包含重复的元素。对象可能不是按存放的次序存放,也就是说不能像数组一样按索引的方式进行访问,SortedSet是一个按照升序排列元素的Set。
C:List:是一个有序的集合,可以包含重复的元素。提供了按索引访问的方式。
D:Map:包含了key-value对。Map不能包含重复的key。
E:SortedMap是一个按照升序排列key的Map。
(6)ArrayList
ArrayList:可以将其看作是能够自动增长容量的数组。
. 利用ArrayList的toArray()返回一个数组。
. Arrays.asList()返回一个列表。
. LinkedList是采用双向循环链表实现的。
. 利用LinkedList实现栈(stack)、队列(queue)、双向队列(double-ended queue )。
. ArrayList底层采用数组完成,而LinkedList则是以一般的双向链表(double-linked list)完成,其内每个对象除了数据本身外,还有两个引用,分别指向前一个元素和后一个元素。
. 如果经常在List 中进行插入和删除操作, 应该使用LinkedList,否则,使用ArrayList将更加快速。
(7)set
Set中的元素必须唯一。
. 添加到Set中的对象元素必须定义equals方法,以提供算法来判断欲添加进来的对象是否与已经存在的某对象相等,从而建立对象的唯一性。
. 实现Set 接口的类有HashSet,TreeSet。
(8)Map接口的方法
boolean containsKey(Object k) 检查调用映射中是否包含关键字K
. boolean containsValue(Object v) 检查调用映射中是否包含值V
. Object get(Object k) 返回与关键字k相关联的值
. boolean isEmpty( ) 如果调用映射是空的,则返回true;否则返回false
. Object put(Object k, Object v)将一个键值对加入调用映射
. Object remove(Object k) 删除关键字等于k的键值对
. int size( ) 返回映射中关键字/值对的个数
. Set entrySet( ) 返回包含了映射中的项的集合(Set)。该集合包含了类型Map.Entry的对象。这个方法为调用映射提供了一个集合“视图”
. Set keySet( ) 返回一个包含调用映射中关键字的集合(Set)。这个方法为调用映射的关键字提供了一个集合“视图”
. Collection values( )返回一个包含了映射中的值的类集。这个方法为映射中的值提供了一个类集“视图”
(9)Map接口
Map 接口的实现类主要有HashMap ,
TreeMap,Hashtable,Properties。
. Hashtable,Properties是JDK1.0/1.1中的。
. HashMap对key进行散列。
. TreeMap按照key进行排序。
. 和Set 类似, HashMap 的速度通常都比TreeMap快,只有在需要排序的功能的时候,才使用TreeMap。
二:实验
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Vetor、Stack、Hashtable三个类的用途及常用API;
(2) 了解java集合框架体系组成;
(3) 掌握ArrayList、LinkList两个类的用途及常用API。
(4) 了解HashSet类、TreeSet类的用途及常用API。
(5)了解HashMap、TreeMap两个类的用途及常用API;
(6) 结对编程(Pair programming)练习,体验程序开发中的两人合作。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1: 导入第9章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
l 使用JDK命令运行编辑、运行以下三个示例程序,结合运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握Vetor、Stack、Hashtable三个类的用途及常用API。
//示例程序1 import java.util.Vector;
class Cat { private int catNumber;
Cat(int i) { catNumber = i; }
void print() { System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber); } }
class Dog { private int dogNumber;
Dog(int i) { dogNumber = i; }
void print() { System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber); } }
public class CatsAndDogs { public static void main(String[] args) { Vector cats = new Vector(); for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) cats.addElement(new Cat(i)); cats.addElement(new Dog(7)); for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++) ((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print(); } } |
//示例程序2 import java.util.*;
public class Stacks { static String[] months = { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
public static void main(String[] args) { Stack stk = new Stack(); for (int i = 0; i < months.length; i++) stk.push(months[i]); System.out.println(stk); System.out.println("element 2=" + stk.elementAt(2)); while (!stk.empty()) System.out.println(stk.pop()); } } |
//示例程序3 import java.util.*;
class Counter { int i = 1;
public String toString() { return Integer.toString(i); } }
public class Statistics { public static void main(String[] args) { Hashtable ht = new Hashtable(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { Integer r = new Integer((int) (Math.random() * 20)); if (ht.containsKey(r)) ((Counter) ht.get(r)).i++; else ht.put(r, new Counter()); } System.out.println(ht); } } |
import java.util.Vector; class Cat { private int catNumber; Cat(int i) { catNumber = i; } void print() { System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber); } } class Dog { private int dogNumber; Dog(int i) { dogNumber = i; } void print() { System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber); } } public class CatsAndDogs { public static void main(String[] args) { Vector cats = new Vector();//创建了Vector类 for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) cats.addElement(new Cat(i)); cats.addElement(new Dog(7)); for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++) //instanceof用来判断内存中实际对象 if (cats.elementAt(i) instanceof Cat) { ((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print(); } else { ((Dog) cats.elementAt(i)).print(); } } }
运行结果:
修改后:
import java.util.*; public class Stacks { static String[] months = { "1", "2", "3", "4" }; public static void main(String[] args) { Stack stk = new Stack();//创建了Stack类 for (int i = 0; i < months.length; i++) stk.push(months[i]); System.out.println(stk); System.out.println("element 2=" + stk.elementAt(2)); while (!stk.empty()) System.out.println(stk.pop()); } }
import java.util.*; class Counter { int i = 1; public String toString() { return Integer.toString(i); } } public class Statistics { public static void main(String[] args) { Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();//创建了Hashtable类 for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { //用整形包装器生成了20个随机数 Integer r = new Integer((int) (Math.random() * 20)); //通过对象调用containskey方法 if (ht.containsKey(r)) //判断r值是不是ht里的健值,如果是返回ture,不是返回Flash ((Counter) ht.get(r)).i++; else //通过Counter类对象引用类内部的属性 ht.put(r, new Counter()); //调用put方法向hash表中添加信息(缺省的构造器,其属性值是初始值1 } System.out.println(ht); } }
测试程序2:
l 使用JDK命令编辑运行ArrayListDemo和LinkedListDemo两个程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
import java.util.*;
public class ArrayListDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { ArrayList al = new ArrayList(); // Add lots of elements to the ArrayList... al.add(new Integer(11)); al.add(new Integer(12)); al.add(new Integer(13)); al.add(new String("hello")); // First print them out using a for loop. System.out.println("Retrieving by index:"); for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) { System.out.println("Element " + i + " = " + al.get(i)); } } } |
import java.util.*; public class LinkedListDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { LinkedList l = new LinkedList(); l.add(new Object()); l.add("Hello"); l.add("zhangsan"); ListIterator li = l.listIterator(0); while (li.hasNext()) System.out.println(li.next()); if (l.indexOf("Hello") < 0) System.err.println("Lookup does not work"); else System.err.println("Lookup works"); } } |
import java.util.*; public class ArrayListDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { ArrayList al = new ArrayList();//创建了Arraylist数组 // Add lots of elements to the ArrayList... //用Add来添加对象且可以重载 al.add(new Integer(11));//在当前位置添加一个元素11 al.add(new Integer(12)); al.add(new Integer(13)); al.add(new String("hello")); System.out.println(al.size()); //首先用一个For循环打印出来 // First print them out using a for loop. System.out.println("Retrieving by index:"); for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) { System.out.println("Element " + i + " = " + al.get(i)); } } }
运行结果:
修改后
import java.util.*; public class LinkedListDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { LinkedList l = new LinkedList();//构建LinkedList链表类 l.add(new Object());//在当前位置添加一个对象 l.add("Hello"); l.add("zhangsan"); System.out.println(l.size());//输出l的长度 ListIterator li = l.listIterator(0);//用迭代器生成对象 while (li.hasNext())//如果存在可访问的元素可以返回ture System.out.println(li.next()); if (l.indexOf("Hello") < 0) System.err.println("Lookup does not work"); else System.err.println("Lookup works"); } }
修改后:
l 在Elipse环境下编辑运行调试教材360页程序9-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握ArrayList、LinkList两个类的用途及常用API。
package linkedList; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates operations on linked lists. * @version 1.12 2018-04-10 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class LinkedListTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var a = new LinkedList<String>();// a.add("Amy"); a.add("Carl"); a.add("Erica"); var b = new LinkedList<String>(); b.add("Bob"); b.add("Doug"); b.add("Frances"); b.add("Gloria"); // 将单词从b合并为a ListIterator<String> aIter = a.listIterator(); Iterator<String> bIter = b.iterator(); while (bIter.hasNext()) { if (aIter.hasNext()) aIter.next(); aIter.add(bIter.next()); } System.out.println(a); //从b中删除每个第二个单词 bIter = b.iterator(); while (bIter.hasNext()) { bIter.next(); // skip one element if (bIter.hasNext()) { bIter.next(); // skip next element bIter.remove(); // remove that element //删除该元素 } } System.out.println(b); // bulk operation: remove all words in b from a a.removeAll(b); System.out.println(a); } }
运行结果:
测试程序3:
l 运行SetDemo程序,结合运行结果理解程序;
import java.util.*; public class SetDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { HashSet h = new HashSet(); //也可以 Set h=new HashSet() h.add("One"); h.add("Two"); h.add("One"); // DUPLICATE h.add("Three"); Iterator it = h.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { System.out.println(it.next()); } } } |
package linkedList; import java.util.*; public class SetDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { HashSet h = new HashSet(); // 也可以 Set h=new HashSet() h.add("One"); h.add("Two"); h.add("One"); // DUPLICATE h.add("Three"); Iterator it = h.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { System.out.println(it.next()); } } }
运行结果:
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材365页程序9-2,结合运行结果理解程序;了解HashSet类的用途及常用API。
package set; import java.util.*; /** * This program uses a set to print all unique words in System.in. * @version 1.12 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class SetTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var words = new HashSet<String>(); long totalTime = 0; try (var in = new Scanner(System.in)) { while (in.hasNext()) { String word = in.next(); long callTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); words.add(word); callTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - callTime; totalTime += callTime; } } Iterator<String> iter = words.iterator(); for (int i = 1; i <= 20 && iter.hasNext(); i++) System.out.println(iter.next()); System.out.println(". . ."); System.out.println(words.size() + " distinct words. " + totalTime + " milliseconds."); } }
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材367页-368程序9-3、9-4,结合程序运行结果理解程序;了解TreeSet类的用途及常用API。
package treeSet; import java.util.*; /** * An item with a description and a part number. */ public class Item implements Comparable<Item> { private String description; private int partNumber; /** * Constructs an item. * @param aDescription the item's description * @param aPartNumber the item's part number */ public Item(String aDescription, int aPartNumber) { description = aDescription; partNumber = aPartNumber; } /** * Gets the description of this item. * @return the description */ public String getDescription() { return description; } public String toString() { return "[description=" + description + ", partNumber=" + partNumber + "]"; } public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { if (this == otherObject) return true; if (otherObject == null) return false; if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; var other = (Item) otherObject; return Objects.equals(description, other.description) && partNumber == other.partNumber; } public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(description, partNumber); } public int compareTo(Item other) { int diff = Integer.compare(partNumber, other.partNumber); return diff != 0 ? diff : description.compareTo(other.description); } }
package treeSet; import java.util.*; /** * This program sorts a set of Item objects by comparing their descriptions. * @version 1.13 2018-04-10 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class TreeSetTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var parts = new TreeSet<Item>(); parts.add(new Item("Toaster", 1234)); parts.add(new Item("Widget", 4562)); parts.add(new Item("Modem", 9912)); System.out.println(parts); var sortByDescription = new TreeSet<Item>( Comparator.comparing(Item::getDescription)); sortByDescription.addAll(parts); System.out.println(sortByDescription); } }
测试程序4:
l 使用JDK命令运行HashMapDemo程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
import java.util.*; public class HashMapDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { HashMap h = new HashMap(); // The hash maps from company name to address. h.put("Adobe", "Mountain View, CA"); h.put("IBM", "White Plains, NY"); h.put("Sun", "Mountain View, CA"); String queryString = "Adobe"; String resultString = (String)h.get(queryString); System.out.println("They are located in: " + resultString); } } |
import java.util.*; public class HashMapDemo { public static void main(String[] argv) { HashMap h = new HashMap(); // 从公司名称到地址的哈希映射 h.put("Adobe", "Mountain View, CA"); h.put("IBM", "White Plains, NY"); h.put("Sun", "Mountain View, CA"); String queryString = "Adobe"; String resultString = (String) h.get(queryString); System.out.println("They are located in: " + resultString); } }
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材373页程序9-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 了解HashMap、TreeMap两个类的用途及常用API。
package map; /** * A minimalist employee class for testing purposes. */ public class Employee { private String name; private double salary; /** * Constructs an employee with $0 salary. * @param n the employee name */ public Employee(String name) { this.name = name; salary = 0; } public String toString() { return "[name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary + "]"; } }
package map; import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates the use of a map with key type String and value type Employee. * @version 1.12 2015-06-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class MapTest { public static void main(String[] args) { var staff = new HashMap<String, Employee>(); staff.put("144-25-5464", new Employee("Amy Lee")); staff.put("567-24-2546", new Employee("Harry Hacker")); staff.put("157-62-7935", new Employee("Gary Cooper")); staff.put("456-62-5527", new Employee("Francesca Cruz")); // 打印所有的病例 System.out.println(staff); // 删除条目 staff.remove("567-24-2546");
//替换条目 staff.put("456-62-5527", new Employee("Francesca Miller")); // 查找值 System.out.println(staff.get("157-62-7935")); // 遍历所有的肠道 staff.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println("key=" + k + ", value=" + v)); } }
实验2:结对编程练习:
l 关于结对编程:以下图片是一个结对编程场景:两位学习伙伴坐在一起,面对着同一台显示器,使用着同一键盘,同一个鼠标,他们一起思考问题,一起分析问题,一起编写程序。
l 关于结对编程的阐述可参见以下链接:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xinz/archive/2011/08/07/2130332.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming
l 对于结对编程中代码设计规范的要求参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xinz/archive/2011/11/20/2255971.html
以下实验,就让我们来体验一下结对编程的魅力。
l 确定本次实验结对编程合作伙伴;
合作伙伴:汪慧和
l 各自运行合作伙伴实验九编程练习1,结合使用体验对所运行程序提出完善建议;
l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习1;
伙伴的代码:
import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; public class M{ private static ArrayList<Test> studentlist; public static void main(String[] args) { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("D:\身份证号.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province =linescanner.nextLine(); Test student = new Test(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误"); e.printStackTrace(); } boolean isTrue = true; while (isTrue) { System.out.println("1:字典排序"); System.out.println("2:输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人"); System.out.println("3:寻找老乡"); System.out.println("4:寻找年龄相近的人"); System.out.println("5:退出"); String m = scanner.next(); switch (m) { case "1": Collections.sort(studentlist); System.out.println(studentlist.toString()); break; case "2": int max=0,min=100; int j,k1 = 0,k2=0; for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++) { j=studentlist.get(i).getage(); if(j>max) { max=j; k1=i; } if(j<min) { min=j; k2=i; } } System.out.println("年龄最大:"+studentlist.get(k1)); System.out.println("年龄最小:"+studentlist.get(k2)); break; case "3": System.out.println("province?"); String find = scanner.next(); String place=find.substring(0,3); for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++) { if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place)) System.out.println("province"+studentlist.get(i)); } break; case "4": System.out.println("年龄:"); int yourage = scanner.nextInt(); int near=agematched(yourage); int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage(); System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near)); break; case "5": isTrue = false; System.out.println("退出程序!"); break; default: System.out.println("输入有误"); } } } public static int agematched(int age) { int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age; if(value<0) value=-value; if (value<min) { min=value; k=i; } } return k; } }
public class Test implements Comparable<Test> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; } public void setsex(String sex ) { this.sex =sex ; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { this.age= age; } public String getprovince() { return province; } public void setprovince(String province) { this.province=province ; } public int compareTo(Test o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getName()); } public String toString() { return name+" "+sex+" "+age+" "+number+" "+province+" "; } }
l 各自运行合作伙伴实验十编程练习2,结合使用体验对所运行程序提出完善建议;
package 练习2; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Scanner; public class Suanshu1 { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); Suanshu Suanshu=new Suanshu(); PrintWriter output = null; try { output = new PrintWriter("ss.txt"); } catch (Exception e) { //e.printStackTrace(); } int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) { int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3); switch(s) { case 1: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"="); while(b==0){ b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); } double c = in.nextDouble(); output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c); if (c == Suanshu.chu_fa(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); } else { System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); } break; case 2: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"="); int c1 = in.nextInt(); output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1); if (c1 == Suanshu.chen_fa(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); } else { System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); } break; case 3: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"="); int c2 = in.nextInt(); output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2); if (c2 == Suanshu.jia_fa(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); } else { System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); } break ; case 4: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"="); int c3 = in.nextInt(); output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3); if (c3 == Suanshu.jian_fa(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("恭喜答案正确"); } else { System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误"); } break ; } } System.out.println("成绩"+sum); output.println("成绩:"+sum); output.close(); } }
package 练习2; public class Suanshu { private int a; private int b; public int jia_fa(int a,int b) { return a+b; } public int jian_fa(int a,int b) { if((a-b)<0) return 0; else return a-b; } public int chen_fa(int a,int b) { return a*b; } public int chu_fa(int a,int b) { if(b!=0) return a/b; else return 0; } }
l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习1;
package ID; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; public class Main{ private static ArrayList<People> Peoplelist; public static void main(String[] args) { Peoplelist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("D:\java\1\身份证号.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String ID = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String place =linescanner.nextLine(); People People = new people(); People.setname(name); People.setID(ID); People.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); People.setage(a); People.setbirthplace(place); Peoplelist.add(People); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("查找不到信息"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("信息读取有误"); e.printStackTrace(); } boolean isTrue = true; while (isTrue) { System.out.println("————————————————————————————————————————"); System.out.println("1:按姓名字典序输出人员信息"); System.out.println("2:查询最大年龄人员信息和最小年龄人员信息"); System.out.println("3:输入你的年龄,查询年龄与你最近人的所有信息"); System.out.println("4:查询人员中是否有你的同乡"); int nextInt = scanner.nextInt(); switch (nextInt) { case 1: Collections.sort( Peoplelist); System.out.println( Peoplelist.toString()); break; case 2: int max=0,min=100;int j,k1 = 0,k2=0; for(int i=1;i< Peoplelist.size();i++) { j= Peoplelist.get(i).getage(); if(j>max) { max=j; k1=i; } if(j<min) { min=j; k2=i; } } System.out.println("年龄最大:"+ Peoplelist.get(k1)); System.out.println("年龄最小:"+ Peoplelist.get(k2)); break; case 3: System.out.println("place?"); String find = scanner.next(); String place=find.substring(0,3); String place2=find.substring(0,3); for (int i = 0; i < Peoplelist.size(); i++) { if( Peoplelist.get(i).getbirthplace().substring(1,4).equals(place)) System.out.println(Peoplelist.get(i)); } break; case 4: System.out.println("年龄:"); int yourage = scanner.nextInt(); int near=agenear(yourage); int d_value=yourage-Peoplelist.get(near).getage(); System.out.println(""+Peoplelist.get(near)); /* for (int i = 0; i < Peoplelist.size(); i++) { int p=Personlist.get(i).getage()-yourage; if(p<0) p=-p; if(p==d_value) System.out.println(Peoplelist.get(i)); } */ break; case 5: isTrue = false; System.out.println("退出程序!"); break; default: System.out.println("输入有误"); } } } public static int agenear(int age) { int min=25,d_value=0,k=0; for (int i = 0; i < Peoplelist.size(); i++) { d_value= Peoplelist.get(i).getage()-age; if(d_value<0) d_value=-d_value; if (d_value<min) { min=d_value; k=i; } } return k; } }
package ID; public abstract class People implements Comparable<People> { private String name; private String ID; private int age; private String sex; private String birthplace; public String getname() { return name; } public void setname(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getID() { return ID; } public void setID(String ID) { this.ID= ID; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { // int a = Integer.parseInt(age); this.age= age; } public String getsex() { return sex; } public void setsex(String sex) { this.sex= sex; } public String getbirthplace() { return birthplace; } public void setbirthplace(String birthplace) { this.birthplace= birthplace; } public int compareTo(People o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getname()); } public String toString() { return name+" "+sex+" "+age+" "+ID+" "+birthplace+" "; } }
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l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习2;
import java.io .FileNotFoundException; import java.io .PrintWriter; import java.util.Scanner; public class jisuan{ public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in ); Caculator1 computing=new Caculator1(); PrintWriter output = null; try { output = new PrintWriter("Caculator.txt"); } catch (Exception e) { } int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) { int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3); switch(s) { case 1: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"="); while(b==0){ b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100); } double c = in.nextDouble(); output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c); if (c == (double)computing.division(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("正确"); } else { System.out.println("错误"); } break; case 2: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"*"+b+"="); int c1 = in.nextInt(); output.println(a+"*"+b+"="+c1); if (c1 == computing.multiplication(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("正确"); } else { System.out.println("错误"); } break; case 3: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"="); int c2 = in.nextInt(); output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2); if (c2 == computing.addition(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("正确"); } else { System.out.println("错误"); } break ; case 4: System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"="); int c3 = in.nextInt(); output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3); if (c3 == computing.subtraction(a, b)) { sum += 10; System.out.println("正确"); } else { System.out.println("错误"); } break ; } } System.out.println("scores:"+sum); output.println("scores:"+sum); output.close(); } }
实验总结:本章先回顾了数据结构中的相关知识,然后介绍集合类的特点及作用,通过实验验证了vector类,stack类,hashtable等的用法,在周四的实验课上,在学长的示范下,初次知道了instanceof的用法,换言之了解API是根本,在不会相关的知识时及时查询,接下来就要好好复习数据结构的内容了,因为掌握的不好。