sql server sql查询数据库的表，字段，主键，自增，字段类型等信息

1、查询数据表的属性(名称、说明、是否主键、数据类型、是否自增)　

SELECT t1.name columnName,case when t4.id is null then 'false' else 'true' end as pkColumn, 
case when COLUMNPROPERTY( t1.id,t1.name,'IsIdentity') = 1 then 'true' else 'false' end as autoAdd
,t5.name jdbcType 
,cast(isnull(t6.value,'') as varchar(2000)) descr
FROM SYSCOLUMNS t1
left join SYSOBJECTS t2 on t2.parent_obj = t1.id AND t2.xtype = 'PK' 
left join SYSINDEXES t3 on t3.id = t1.id and t2.name = t3.name 
left join SYSINDEXKEYS t4 on t1.colid = t4.colid and t4.id = t1.id and t4.indid = t3.indid
left join systypes t5 on t1.xtype=t5.xtype
left join sys.extended_properties t6 on t1.id=t6.major_id and t1.colid=t6.minor_id
left join SYSOBJECTS tb on tb.id=t1.id
where tb.name='APIInfo' and t5.name<>'sysname'
order by t1.colid asc　

若只是简单查询列名及字段类型/长度等信息，直接用下面语句即可

SELECT name,type_name(xtype) AS type,length,(type_name(xtype)+'('+CONVERT(varchar,length)+')') as t
FROM syscolumns
WHERE (id = OBJECT_ID('view_UserInfo'))

以上sql，碰到字段类型为：hierarchyid、geometry、geography时，查询的字段信息不对，可使用以下sql：

------sqlserver 查询某个表的列名称、说明、备注、类型等
SELECT 
    表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,
    表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,
    字段序号   = a.colorder,
    字段名     = a.name,
    标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,
    主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
                     SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
    类型       = b.name,
    占用字节数 = a.length,
    长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
    小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
    允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,
    默认值     = isnull(e.text,''),
    字段说明   = isnull(g.[value],'')
FROM 
    syscolumns a
left join 
    systypes b 
on 
    a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join 
    sysobjects d 
on 
    a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'
left join 
    syscomments e 
on 
    a.cdefault=e.id
left join 
sys.extended_properties   g 
on 
    a.id=G.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id  
left join
sys.extended_properties f
on 
    d.id=f.major_id and f.minor_id=0
--如果只查询指定表,加上此where条件，tablename是要查询的表名；去除where条件查询所有的表信息
where 
    d.name='Test'
order by 
    a.id,a.colorder