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  • Node.js 连接 MongoDB-7

    先安装模块:

    npm install --save mongodb

    当然,首先你要打开mongodb服务端:

    mongod --bind_ip 127.0.0.1

    创建数据库

    要在 MongoDB 中创建一个数据库,首先我们需要创建一个 MongoClient 对象,然后配置好指定的 URL 和 端口号。

    如果数据库不存在,MongoDB 将创建数据库并建立连接

    在mongo客户端将mydatabase数据库创建出来:

    > show dbs
    admin   0.000GB
    config  0.000GB
    local   0.000GB
    > use mydatabase
    switched to db mydatabase
    > show dbs
    admin   0.000GB
    config  0.000GB
    local   0.000GB
    > 

    然后运行:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/mydatabase"; //连接服务端
    MongoClient.connect(url, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        console.log("数据库已创建!");
        db.close();
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    (node:26745) DeprecationWarning: current URL string parser is deprecated, and will be removed in a future version. To use the new parser, pass option { useNewUrlParser: true } to MongoClient.connect.
    数据库已创建!

    根据上面的警告,将添加相应的option,改为:

    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true } ,function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        console.log("数据库已创建!");
        db.close();
    });

    返回:

    数据库已创建!

    创建集合

    我们可以使用 createCollection() 方法来创建集合mycollection:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/mydatabase';
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function (err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        console.log('数据库已创建');
        var dbase = db.db("mydatabase");
        dbase.createCollection('mycollection', function (err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("创建集合!");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    数据库已创建
    创建集合!

    客户端查看:

    > show collections
    mycollection

    数据库操作( CURD )

    插入数据

    以下实例我们连接数据库 mydatabase 的 mycollection 表,并插入一条数据条数据,使用 insertOne():

    与 MySQL 不同的是 MongoDB 会自动创建数据库和集合,所以使用前我们不需要手动去创建。

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var myobj = { name: "菜鸟教程", url: "www.mydatabase" };
        dbo.collection("mycollection").insertOne(myobj, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档插入成功");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    文档插入成功

    客户端查看:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    {
        "_id" : ObjectId("5c026cae5ae97668886fafaa"),
        "name" : "菜鸟教程",
        "url" : "www.mydatabase"
    }

    如果要插入多条数据可以使用 insertMany():

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var myobj = [
            { name: '菜鸟工具', url: 'https://c.runoob.com', type: 'cn'},
            { name: 'Google', url: 'https://www.google.com', type: 'en'},
            { name: 'Facebook', url: 'https://www.google.com', type: 'en'}
        ];
        dbo.collection("mycollection"). insertMany(myobj, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档插入成功");
            console.log("插入的文档数量为: " + res.insertedCount);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    文档插入成功
    插入的文档数量为: 3

    客户端查看:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026cae5ae97668886fafaa"), "name" : "菜鸟教程", "url" : "www.mydatabase" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3f"), "name" : "Google", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "en" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb40"), "name" : "Facebook", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "en" }

    查询数据

    可以使用 find() 来查找数据, find() 可以返回匹配条件的所有数据。 如果未指定条件,find() 返回集合中的所有数据。

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        dbo.collection("mycollection"). find({}).toArray(function(err, result) { // 返回集合中所有数据
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(result);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    [ { _id: 5c026cae5ae97668886fafaa,
        name: '菜鸟教程',
        url: 'www.mydatabase' },
      { _id: 5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e,
        name: '菜鸟工具',
        url: 'https://c.runoob.com',
        type: 'cn' },
      { _id: 5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3f,
        name: 'Google',
        url: 'https://www.google.com',
        type: 'en' },
      { _id: 5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb40,
        name: 'Facebook',
        url: 'https://www.google.com',
        type: 'en' } ]

    查询指定条件 name 为 "菜鸟教程" 的实例:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var whereStr = {"name":'菜鸟教程'}; // 查询条件
        dbo.collection("mycollection").find(whereStr).toArray(function(err, result) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(result);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    [ { _id: 5c026cae5ae97668886fafaa,
        name: '菜鸟教程',
        url: 'www.mydatabase' } ]

    更新数据

    我们也可以对数据库的数据进行修改,以下实例将 name 为 "菜鸟教程" 的 url 改为 https://www.runoob.com:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var whereStr = {"name":'菜鸟教程'}; // 查询条件
        var updateStr = {$set: { "url" : "https://www.runoob.com" }};
        dbo.collection("mycollection").updateOne(whereStr, updateStr, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档更新成功");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    客户端查看:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026cae5ae97668886fafaa"), "name" : "菜鸟教程", "url" : "https://www.runoob.com" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3f"), "name" : "Google", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "en" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb40"), "name" : "Facebook", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "en" }

    如果要更新所有符合条的文档数据可以使用 updateMany():

     
    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var whereStr = {"type":'en'}; // 查询条件
        var updateStr = {$set: { "url" : "https://www.runoob.com" }};
        dbo.collection("mycollection").updateMany(whereStr, updateStr, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(res.result.nModified + " 条文档被更新");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    2 条文档被更新

    客户端查看:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026cae5ae97668886fafaa"), "name" : "菜鸟教程", "url" : "https://www.runoob.com" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3f"), "name" : "Google", "url" : "https://www.runoob.com", "type" : "en" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb40"), "name" : "Facebook", "url" : "https://www.runoob.com", "type" : "en" }

    删除数据

    以下实例将 name 为 "菜鸟教程" 的数据删除 :

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var whereStr = {"name":'菜鸟教程'}; // 查询条件
        dbo.collection("mycollection").deleteOne(whereStr, function(err, obj) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档删除成功");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    文档删除成功

    客户端查看:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3f"), "name" : "Google", "url" : "https://www.runoob.com", "type" : "en" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb40"), "name" : "Facebook", "url" : "https://www.runoob.com", "type" : "en" }

    如果要删除多条语句可以使用 deleteMany() 方法

    以下实例将 type 为 en 的所有数据删除 :

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var whereStr = { type: "en" }; // 查询条件
        dbo.collection("mycollection").deleteMany(whereStr, function(err, obj) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(obj.result.n + " 条文档被删除");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    2 条文档被删除

    客户端查询:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }

    排序

    排序 使用 sort() 方法,该方法接受一个参数,规定是升序(1)还是降序(-1)。

    例如:

    { type: 1 }  // 按 type 字段升序
    { type: -1 } // 按 type 字段降序

    按 type 升序排列:

    因为之前删的差不多了,再添加几条:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var myobj = [
            { name: '菜鸟工具', url: 'https://c.runoob.com', type: 'an'},
            { name: 'Google', url: 'https://www.google.com', type: 'bn'},
            { name: 'Facebook', url: 'https://www.google.com', type: 'dn'}
        ];
        dbo.collection("mycollection"). insertMany(myobj, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档插入成功");
            console.log("插入的文档数量为: " + res.insertedCount);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    客户端:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c0270aad64fbc6896311aac"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "an" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c0270aad64fbc6896311aad"), "name" : "Google", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "bn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c0270aad64fbc6896311aae"), "name" : "Facebook", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "dn" }

    然后排序:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var mysort = { type: 1 };
        dbo.collection("mycollection").find().sort(mysort).toArray(function(err, result) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(result);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    [ { _id: 5c0270aad64fbc6896311aac,
        name: '菜鸟工具',
        url: 'https://c.runoob.com',
        type: 'an' },
      { _id: 5c0270aad64fbc6896311aad,
        name: 'Google',
        url: 'https://www.google.com',
        type: 'bn' },
      { _id: 5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e,
        name: '菜鸟工具',
        url: 'https://c.runoob.com',
        type: 'cn' },
      { _id: 5c0270aad64fbc6896311aae,
        name: 'Facebook',
        url: 'https://www.google.com',
        type: 'dn' } ]

    查询分页

    首先客户端查看得到现在的存储状态:

    > db.mycollection.find()
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "cn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c0270aad64fbc6896311aac"), "name" : "菜鸟工具", "url" : "https://c.runoob.com", "type" : "an" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c0270aad64fbc6896311aad"), "name" : "Google", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "bn" }
    { "_id" : ObjectId("5c0270aad64fbc6896311aae"), "name" : "Facebook", "url" : "https://www.google.com", "type" : "dn" }

    如果要设置指定的返回条数可以使用 limit() 方法,该方法只接受一个参数,指定了返回的条数。

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        dbo.collection("mycollection").find().limit(2).toArray(function(err, result) {//只得到前两条数据
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(result);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    [ { _id: 5c026d49ccbd816889e6bb3e,
        name: '菜鸟工具',
        url: 'https://c.runoob.com',
        type: 'cn' },
      { _id: 5c0270aad64fbc6896311aac,
        name: '菜鸟工具',
        url: 'https://c.runoob.com',
        type: 'an' } ]

    如果要指定跳过的条数,可以使用 skip() 方法。

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        dbo.collection("mycollection").find().skip(2).limit(2).toArray(function(err, result) {//跳过前两条数据,只得到后两条数据
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(result);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    [ { _id: 5c0270aad64fbc6896311aad,
        name: 'Google',
        url: 'https://www.google.com',
        type: 'bn' },
      { _id: 5c0270aad64fbc6896311aae,
        name: 'Facebook',
        url: 'https://www.google.com',
        type: 'dn' } ]

    连接操作

    mongoDB 不是一个关系型数据库,但我们可以使用 $lookup 来实现左连接

    例如我们有两个集合数据分别为:

    先创建相应的集合:

    集合1:orders

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var myobj = { _id: 1, product_id: 154, status: 1 };
        dbo.collection("orders").insertOne(myobj, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档插入成功");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    客户端查看:

    > db.orders.find()
    { "_id" : 1, "product_id" : 154, "status" : 1 }

    集合2:products

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        var myobj = [
            { _id: 154, name: '笔记本电脑' },
            { _id: 155, name: '耳机' },
            { _id: 156, name: '台式电脑' }
        ];
        dbo.collection("products"). insertMany(myobj, function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log("文档插入成功");
            console.log("插入的文档数量为: " + res.insertedCount);
            db.close();
        });
    });

    客户端查看:

    > db.products.find()
    { "_id" : 154, "name" : "笔记本电脑" }
    { "_id" : 155, "name" : "耳机" }
    { "_id" : 156, "name" : "台式电脑" }
    > 

     实现左连接:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        dbo.collection('orders').aggregate([{ 
            $lookup:{
                from: 'products', // 右集合
                localField: 'product_id', // 左集合 join 字段
                foreignField: '_id', // 右集合 join 字段
                as: 'orderdetails' // 新生成字段(类型array)
            }
        }]).toArray(function(err, res) {
            if (err) throw err;
            console.log(JSON.stringify(res));
            db.close();
        });
    });

    返回:

    users-MacBook-Pro:test-mongodb user$ node index.js
    [{"_id":1,"product_id":154,"status":1,"orderdetails":[{"_id":154,"name":"笔记本电脑"}]}]

    即orders集合字段"product_id" : 154与products的_id相符合的products的数据将会为字段orderdetails的值,并存放到orders的数据内,然后返回一个值

    删除集合

    我们可以使用 drop() 方法来删除集合:

    var MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;
    var url = "mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/";
    MongoClient.connect(url, { useNewUrlParser: true }, function(err, db) {
        if (err) throw err;
        var dbo = db.db("mydatabase");
        dbo.collection("products").drop(function(err, delOK) { // 执行成功 delOK 返回 true,否则返回 false
            if (err) throw err;
            if (delOK) console.log("集合已删除");
            db.close();
        });
    });

    客户端查询:

    > db.products.find()
    > 
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wanghui-garcia/p/10050742.html
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