使用 gopacket 进行数据包捕获，注入和分析

原文链接：https://www.devdungeon.com/content/packet-capture-injection-and-analysis-gopacket

接口文档：https://godoc.org/github.com/google/gopacket

Demo1（Find devices）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
)

func main() {
    // Find all devices
    devices, err := pcap.FindAllDevs()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // Print device information
    fmt.Println("Devices found:")
    for _, device := range devices {
        fmt.Println("
Name: ", device.Name)
        fmt.Println("Description: ", device.Description)
        fmt.Println("Devices addresses: ", device.Description)
        for _, address := range device.Addresses {
            fmt.Println("- IP address: ", address.IP)
            fmt.Println("- Subnet mask: ", address.Netmask)
        }
    }
}

测试结果：

[root@wangjq device]# go run main.go 
Devices found:

Name:  br0
Description:  
Devices addresses:  
- IP address:  10.95.149.186
- Subnet mask:  ffffffc0
- IP address:  fe80::5422:61ff:fe04:81d3
- Subnet mask:  ffffffffffffffff0000000000000000

Name:  virbr0
Description:  
Devices addresses:  
- IP address:  192.168.122.1
- Subnet mask:  ffffff00

Name:  docker0
Description:  
Devices addresses:  
- IP address:  172.17.0.1
- Subnet mask:  ffff0000

Name:  nflog
Description:  Linux netfilter log (NFLOG) interface
Devices addresses:  Linux netfilter log (NFLOG) interface

Name:  nfqueue
Description:  Linux netfilter queue (NFQUEUE) interface
Devices addresses:  Linux netfilter queue (NFQUEUE) interface

Name:  usbmon1
Description:  USB bus number 1
Devices addresses:  USB bus number 1

Name:  usbmon2
Description:  USB bus number 2
Devices addresses:  USB bus number 2

Name:  ens3
Description:  
Devices addresses:  

Name:  usbmon3
Description:  USB bus number 3
Devices addresses:  USB bus number 3

Name:  ens4
Description:  
Devices addresses:  
- IP address:  fe80::7f29:1f32:6a3:2a59
- Subnet mask:  ffffffffffffffff0000000000000000

Name:  usbmon4
Description:  USB bus number 4
Devices addresses:  USB bus number 4

Name:  any
Description:  Pseudo-device that captures on all interfaces
Devices addresses:  Pseudo-device that captures on all interfaces

Name:  lo
Description:  
Devices addresses:  
- IP address:  127.0.0.1
- Subnet mask:  ff000000
- IP address:  ::1
- Subnet mask:  ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff

Demo2（Open Device for Live Capture）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "log"
    "time"
)

var (
    device       string = "eth0"
    snapshot_len int32  = 1024
    promiscuous  bool   = false
    err          error
    timeout      time.Duration = 30 * time.Second
    handle       *pcap.Handle
)

func main() {
    // Open device
    handle, err = pcap.OpenLive(device, snapshot_len, promiscuous, timeout)
    if err != nil {log.Fatal(err) }
    defer handle.Close()

    // Use the handle as a packet source to process all packets
    packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
    for packet := range packetSource.Packets() {
        // Process packet here
        fmt.Println(packet)
    }
}

测试结果：

PACKET: 1024 bytes, truncated, wire length 2974 cap length 1024 @ 2019-10-22 17:43:00.069751 +0800 HKT
- Layer 1 (14 bytes) = Ethernet {Contents=[..14..] Payload=[..1010..] SrcMAC=52:54:00:3d:78:f1 DstMAC=74:ea:cb:5d:e4:f7 EthernetType=IPv4 Length=0}
- Layer 2 (20 bytes) = IPv4     {Contents=[..20..] Payload=[..990..] Version=4 IHL=5 TOS=16 Length=2960 Id=10566 Flags=DF FragOffset=0 TTL=64 Protocol=TCP Checksum=35752 SrcIP=10.95.149.186 DstIP=172.24.46.56 Options=[] Padding=[]}
- Layer 3 (20 bytes) = TCP      {Contents=[..20..] Payload=[..970..] SrcPort=22(ssh) DstPort=65461 Seq=3357288217 Ack=916868378 DataOffset=5 FIN=false SYN=false RST=false PSH=false ACK=true URG=false ECE=false CWR=false NS=false Window=682 Checksum=34284 Urgent=0 Options=[] Padding=[]}
- Layer 4 (970 bytes) = Payload 970 byte(s)

PACKET: 54 bytes, wire length 54 cap length 54 @ 2019-10-22 17:43:00.069956 +0800 HKT
- Layer 1 (14 bytes) = Ethernet {Contents=[..14..] Payload=[..40..] SrcMAC=74:ea:cb:5d:e4:f7 DstMAC=52:54:00:3d:78:f1 EthernetType=IPv4 Length=0}
- Layer 2 (20 bytes) = IPv4     {Contents=[..20..] Payload=[..20..] Version=4 IHL=5 TOS=0 Length=40 Id=31453 Flags=DF FragOffset=0 TTL=123 Protocol=TCP Checksum=2697 SrcIP=172.24.46.56 DstIP=10.95.149.186 Options=[] Padding=[]}
- Layer 3 (20 bytes) = TCP      {Contents=[..20..] Payload=[] SrcPort=65461 DstPort=22(ssh) Seq=916868378 Ack=3357288217 DataOffset=5 FIN=false SYN=false RST=false PSH=false ACK=true URG=false ECE=false CWR=false NS=false Window=256 Checksum=49576 Urgent=0 Options=[] Padding=[]}

Demo3（Write Pcap File）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "time"

    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcapgo"
)

var (
    deviceName  string = "eth0"
    snapshotLen int32  = 1024
    promiscuous bool   = false
    err         error
    timeout     time.Duration = -1 * time.Second
    handle      *pcap.Handle
    packetCount int = 0
)

func main() {
    // Open output pcap file and write header 
    f, _ := os.Create("test.pcap")
    w := pcapgo.NewWriter(f)
    w.WriteFileHeader(snapshotLen, layers.LinkTypeEthernet)
    defer f.Close()

    // Open the device for capturing
    handle, err = pcap.OpenLive(deviceName, snapshotLen, promiscuous, timeout)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("Error opening device %s: %v", deviceName, err)
        os.Exit(1)
    }
    defer handle.Close()

    // Start processing packets
    packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
    for packet := range packetSource.Packets() {
        // Process packet here
        fmt.Println(packet)
        w.WritePacket(packet.Metadata().CaptureInfo, packet.Data())
        packetCount++
        
        // Only capture 100 and then stop
        if packetCount > 100 {
            break
        }
    }
}

Demo4（Open Pcap File）：

package main

// Use tcpdump to create a test file
// tcpdump -w test.pcap
// or use the example above for writing pcap files

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "log"
)

var (
    pcapFile string = "test.pcap"
    handle   *pcap.Handle
    err      error
)

func main() {
    // Open file instead of device
    handle, err = pcap.OpenOffline(pcapFile)
    if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) }
    defer handle.Close()

    // Loop through packets in file
    packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
    for packet := range packetSource.Packets() {
        fmt.Println(packet)
    }
}

Demo5（Setting Filters）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "log"
    "time"
)

var (
    device       string = "eth0"
    snapshot_len int32  = 1024
    promiscuous  bool   = false
    err          error
    timeout      time.Duration = 30 * time.Second
    handle       *pcap.Handle
)

func main() {
    // Open device
    handle, err = pcap.OpenLive(device, snapshot_len, promiscuous, timeout)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer handle.Close()

    // Set filter
    var filter string = "tcp and port 80"
    err = handle.SetBPFFilter(filter)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Only capturing TCP port 80 packets.")

    packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
    for packet := range packetSource.Packets() {
        // Do something with a packet here.
        fmt.Println(packet)
    }

}

Demo6（Decoding Packet Layers）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "log"
    "strings"
    "time"
)

var (
    device      string = "eth0"
    snapshotLen int32  = 1024
    promiscuous bool   = false
    err         error
    timeout     time.Duration = 30 * time.Second
    handle      *pcap.Handle
)

func main() {
    // Open device
    handle, err = pcap.OpenLive(device, snapshotLen, promiscuous, timeout)
    if err != nil {log.Fatal(err) }
    defer handle.Close()

    packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
    for packet := range packetSource.Packets() {
        printPacketInfo(packet)
    }
}

func printPacketInfo(packet gopacket.Packet) {
    // Let's see if the packet is an ethernet packet
    ethernetLayer := packet.Layer(layers.LayerTypeEthernet)
    if ethernetLayer != nil {
        fmt.Println("Ethernet layer detected.")
        ethernetPacket, _ := ethernetLayer.(*layers.Ethernet)
        fmt.Println("Source MAC: ", ethernetPacket.SrcMAC)
        fmt.Println("Destination MAC: ", ethernetPacket.DstMAC)
        // Ethernet type is typically IPv4 but could be ARP or other
        fmt.Println("Ethernet type: ", ethernetPacket.EthernetType)
        fmt.Println()
    }

    // Let's see if the packet is IP (even though the ether type told us)
    ipLayer := packet.Layer(layers.LayerTypeIPv4)
    if ipLayer != nil {
        fmt.Println("IPv4 layer detected.")
        ip, _ := ipLayer.(*layers.IPv4)

        // IP layer variables:
        // Version (Either 4 or 6)
        // IHL (IP Header Length in 32-bit words)
        // TOS, Length, Id, Flags, FragOffset, TTL, Protocol (TCP?),
        // Checksum, SrcIP, DstIP
        fmt.Printf("From %s to %s
", ip.SrcIP, ip.DstIP)
        fmt.Println("Protocol: ", ip.Protocol)
        fmt.Println()
    }

    // Let's see if the packet is TCP
    tcpLayer := packet.Layer(layers.LayerTypeTCP)
    if tcpLayer != nil {
        fmt.Println("TCP layer detected.")
        tcp, _ := tcpLayer.(*layers.TCP)

        // TCP layer variables:
        // SrcPort, DstPort, Seq, Ack, DataOffset, Window, Checksum, Urgent
        // Bool flags: FIN, SYN, RST, PSH, ACK, URG, ECE, CWR, NS
        fmt.Printf("From port %d to %d
", tcp.SrcPort, tcp.DstPort)
        fmt.Println("Sequence number: ", tcp.Seq)
        fmt.Println()
    }

    // Iterate over all layers, printing out each layer type
    fmt.Println("All packet layers:")
    for _, layer := range packet.Layers() {
        fmt.Println("- ", layer.LayerType())
    }

    // When iterating through packet.Layers() above,
    // if it lists Payload layer then that is the same as
    // this applicationLayer. applicationLayer contains the payload
    applicationLayer := packet.ApplicationLayer()
    if applicationLayer != nil {
        fmt.Println("Application layer/Payload found.")
        fmt.Printf("%s
", applicationLayer.Payload())

        // Search for a string inside the payload
        if strings.Contains(string(applicationLayer.Payload()), "HTTP") {
            fmt.Println("HTTP found!")
        }
    }

    // Check for errors
    if err := packet.ErrorLayer(); err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error decoding some part of the packet:", err)
    }
}

 Demo7（Creating and Sending Packets）：

package main

import (
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "log"
    "net"
    "time"
)

var (
    device       string = "eth0"
    snapshot_len int32  = 1024
    promiscuous  bool   = false
    err          error
    timeout      time.Duration = 30 * time.Second
    handle       *pcap.Handle
    buffer       gopacket.SerializeBuffer
    options      gopacket.SerializeOptions
)

func main() {
    // Open device
    handle, err = pcap.OpenLive(device, snapshot_len, promiscuous, timeout)
    if err != nil {log.Fatal(err) }
    defer handle.Close()

    // Send raw bytes over wire
    rawBytes := []byte{10, 20, 30}
    err = handle.WritePacketData(rawBytes)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // Create a properly formed packet, just with
    // empty details. Should fill out MAC addresses,
    // IP addresses, etc.
    buffer = gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
    gopacket.SerializeLayers(buffer, options,
        &layers.Ethernet{},
        &layers.IPv4{},
        &layers.TCP{},
        gopacket.Payload(rawBytes),
    )
    outgoingPacket := buffer.Bytes()
    // Send our packet
    err = handle.WritePacketData(outgoingPacket)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // This time lets fill out some information
    ipLayer := &layers.IPv4{
        SrcIP: net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1},
        DstIP: net.IP{8, 8, 8, 8},
    }
    ethernetLayer := &layers.Ethernet{
        SrcMAC: net.HardwareAddr{0xFF, 0xAA, 0xFA, 0xAA, 0xFF, 0xAA},
        DstMAC: net.HardwareAddr{0xBD, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0xBD, 0xBD},
    }
    tcpLayer := &layers.TCP{
        SrcPort: layers.TCPPort(4321),
        DstPort: layers.TCPPort(80),
    }
    // And create the packet with the layers
    buffer = gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
    gopacket.SerializeLayers(buffer, options,
        ethernetLayer,
        ipLayer,
        tcpLayer,
        gopacket.Payload(rawBytes),
    )
    outgoingPacket = buffer.Bytes()
}

Demo8（More on Creating/Decoding Packets）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
)

func main() {
    // If we don't have a handle to a device or a file, but we have a bunch
    // of raw bytes, we can try to decode them in to packet information

    // NewPacket() takes the raw bytes that make up the packet as the first parameter
    // The second parameter is the lowest level layer you want to decode. It will
    // decode that layer and all layers on top of it. The third layer
    // is the type of decoding: default(all at once), lazy(on demand), and NoCopy
    // which will not create a copy of the buffer

    // Create an packet with ethernet, IP, TCP, and payload layers
    // We are creating one we know will be decoded properly but
    // your byte source could be anything. If any of the packets
    // come back as nil, that means it could not decode it in to
    // the proper layer (malformed or incorrect packet type)
    payload := []byte{2, 4, 6}
    options := gopacket.SerializeOptions{}
    buffer := gopacket.NewSerializeBuffer()
    gopacket.SerializeLayers(buffer, options,
        &layers.Ethernet{},
        &layers.IPv4{},
        &layers.TCP{},
        gopacket.Payload(payload),
    )
    rawBytes := buffer.Bytes()

    // Decode an ethernet packet
    ethPacket :=
        gopacket.NewPacket(
            rawBytes,
            layers.LayerTypeEthernet,
            gopacket.Default,
        )

    // with Lazy decoding it will only decode what it needs when it needs it
    // This is not concurrency safe. If using concurrency, use default
    ipPacket :=
        gopacket.NewPacket(
            rawBytes,
            layers.LayerTypeIPv4,
            gopacket.Lazy,
        )

    // With the NoCopy option, the underlying slices are referenced
    // directly and not copied. If the underlying bytes change so will
    // the packet
    tcpPacket :=
        gopacket.NewPacket(
            rawBytes,
            layers.LayerTypeTCP,
            gopacket.NoCopy,
        )

    fmt.Println(ethPacket)
    fmt.Println(ipPacket)
    fmt.Println(tcpPacket)
}

Demo9（Custom Layers）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
)

// Create custom layer structure
type CustomLayer struct {
    // This layer just has two bytes at the front
    SomeByte    byte
    AnotherByte byte
    restOfData  []byte
}

// Register the layer type so we can use it
// The first argument is an ID. Use negative
// or 2000+ for custom layers. It must be unique
var CustomLayerType = gopacket.RegisterLayerType(
    2001,
    gopacket.LayerTypeMetadata{
        "CustomLayerType",
        gopacket.DecodeFunc(decodeCustomLayer),
    },
)

// When we inquire about the type, what type of layer should
// we say it is? We want it to return our custom layer type
func (l CustomLayer) LayerType() gopacket.LayerType {
    return CustomLayerType
}

// LayerContents returns the information that our layer
// provides. In this case it is a header layer so
// we return the header information
func (l CustomLayer) LayerContents() []byte {
    return []byte{l.SomeByte, l.AnotherByte}
}

// LayerPayload returns the subsequent layer built
// on top of our layer or raw payload
func (l CustomLayer) LayerPayload() []byte {
    return l.restOfData
}

// Custom decode function. We can name it whatever we want
// but it should have the same arguments and return value
// When the layer is registered we tell it to use this decode function
func decodeCustomLayer(data []byte, p gopacket.PacketBuilder) error {
    // AddLayer appends to the list of layers that the packet has
    p.AddLayer(&CustomLayer{data[0], data[1], data[2:]})

    // The return value tells the packet what layer to expect
    // with the rest of the data. It could be another header layer,
    // nothing, or a payload layer.

    // nil means this is the last layer. No more decoding
    // return nil

    // Returning another layer type tells it to decode
    // the next layer with that layer's decoder function
    // return p.NextDecoder(layers.LayerTypeEthernet)

    // Returning payload type means the rest of the data
    // is raw payload. It will set the application layer
    // contents with the payload
    return p.NextDecoder(gopacket.LayerTypePayload)
}

func main() {
    // If you create your own encoding and decoding you can essentially
    // create your own protocol or implement a protocol that is not
    // already defined in the layers package. In our example we are just
    // wrapping a normal ethernet packet with our own layer.
    // Creating your own protocol is good if you want to create
    // some obfuscated binary data type that was difficult for others
    // to decode

    // Finally, decode your packets:
    rawBytes := []byte{0xF0, 0x0F, 65, 65, 66, 67, 68}
    packet := gopacket.NewPacket(
        rawBytes,
        CustomLayerType,
        gopacket.Default,
    )
    fmt.Println("Created packet out of raw bytes.")
    fmt.Println(packet)

    // Decode the packet as our custom layer
    customLayer := packet.Layer(CustomLayerType)
    if customLayer != nil {
        fmt.Println("Packet was successfully decoded with custom layer decoder.")
        customLayerContent, _ := customLayer.(*CustomLayer)
        // Now we can access the elements of the custom struct
        fmt.Println("Payload: ", customLayerContent.LayerPayload())
        fmt.Println("SomeByte element:", customLayerContent.SomeByte)
        fmt.Println("AnotherByte element:", customLayerContent.AnotherByte)
    }
}

Demo10（Decoding Packets Faster）：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/google/gopacket"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/layers"
    "github.com/google/gopacket/pcap"
    "log"
    "time"
)

var (
    device       string = "eth0"
    snapshot_len int32  = 1024
    promiscuous  bool   = false
    err          error
    timeout      time.Duration = 30 * time.Second
    handle       *pcap.Handle
    // Will reuse these for each packet
    ethLayer layers.Ethernet
    ipLayer  layers.IPv4
    tcpLayer layers.TCP
)

func main() {
    // Open device
    handle, err = pcap.OpenLive(device, snapshot_len, promiscuous, timeout)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer handle.Close()

    packetSource := gopacket.NewPacketSource(handle, handle.LinkType())
    for packet := range packetSource.Packets() {
        parser := gopacket.NewDecodingLayerParser(
            layers.LayerTypeEthernet,
            &ethLayer,
            &ipLayer,
            &tcpLayer,
        )
        foundLayerTypes := []gopacket.LayerType{}

        err := parser.DecodeLayers(packet.Data(), &foundLayerTypes)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println("Trouble decoding layers: ", err)
        }

        for _, layerType := range foundLayerTypes {
            if layerType == layers.LayerTypeIPv4 {
                fmt.Println("IPv4: ", ipLayer.SrcIP, "->", ipLayer.DstIP)
            }
            if layerType == layers.LayerTypeTCP {
                fmt.Println("TCP Port: ", tcpLayer.SrcPort, "->", tcpLayer.DstPort)
                fmt.Println("TCP SYN:", tcpLayer.SYN, " | ACK:", tcpLayer.ACK)
            }
        }
    }
}