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  • springBoot——Web开发简介【七】

    前言

    今天我们终于进入到web学习的阶段啦,下面就开始学习吧。

    步骤

    简介

    如何使springBoot

    1. 创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
    
    2. SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
    
    3. 编写业务代码;
    
    

    自动配置原理
    这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?
    xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

    CURD初试

    使用spingboot初始化器,创建一个项目,选择web模块即可。

    1. 查看项目中的pom.xml文件,查看引入的模块
    2. 创建controller文件夹并创建相应的HelloController类文件

    SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
    public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
      //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等
    
    WebMvcAuotConfiguration:
    		@Override
    		public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
    			if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
    				logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
    				return;
    			}
    			Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
    			if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
    				customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
    						registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
    								.addResourceLocations(
    										"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
    						.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    			}
    			String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
              	//静态资源文件夹映射
    			if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
    				customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
    						registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
    								.addResourceLocations(
    										this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
    						.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
    			}
    		}
    
            //配置欢迎页映射
    		@Bean
    		public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
    				ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
    			return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
    					this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
    		}
    
           //配置喜欢的图标
    		@Configuration
    		@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    		public static class FaviconConfiguration {
    
    			private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
    
    			public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
    				this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
    			}
    
    			@Bean
    			public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
    				SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
    				mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
                  	//所有  **/favicon.ico 
    				mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
    						faviconRequestHandler()));
    				return mapping;
    			}
    
    			@Bean
    			public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
    				ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
    				requestHandler
    						.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
    				return requestHandler;
    			}
    
    		}
    
    

    1. 所有 /webjars/ ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源**
    webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源 http://www.webjars.org/

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
        <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    

    访问 | localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

    2."/" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射**

    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", 
    "classpath:/resources/",
    "classpath:/static/", 
    "classpath:/public/" 
    "/":当前项目的根路径
    

    访问 | localhost:8080/abc ===> 去资源文件下找abc

    3.欢迎页,静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/"映射**

    访问 | localhost:8080/ ===> 找index页面

    4. 所有的/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找

    模板引擎

    JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

    pringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf===>语法简单功能强大

    1. 引入thymeleaf

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
    <properties>
        <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
      </properties>
    

    2. 使用thymeleaf

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
    public class ThymeleafProperties {
    
    	private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
    
    	private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
    
    	public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    
    	public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    

    只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;

    使用:

    1、导入thymeleaf的名称空间

    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    
    1. 使用thymeleaf语法
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>成功!</h1>
        <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
        <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    3. 语法规则

    1. th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
      th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值

    2. 表达式

    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
        Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
        		1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
        		2)、使用内置的基本对象:
        			#ctx : the context object.
        			#vars: the context variables.
                    #locale : the context locale.
                    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
                    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
                    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
                    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
                    
                    ${session.foo}
                3)、内置的一些工具对象:
    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
    #objects : methods for objects in general.
    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
    #arrays : methods for arrays.
    #lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
    #maps : methods for maps.
    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
    
        Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
        	补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
       <div th:object="${session.user}">
        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
        </div>
        
        Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
        Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
        		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
        Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
        		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
        		
    Literals(字面量)
          Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
          Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
          Boolean literals: true , false
          Null literal: null
          Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
    Text operations:(文本操作)
        String concatenation: +
        Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
        Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
        Minus sign (unary operator): -
    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
        Binary operators: and , or
        Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
        Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
        Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
        If-then: (if) ? (then)
        If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
        Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
    Special tokens:
        No-Operation: _ 
    

    SpringMVC自动配置

    Spring MVC auto-configuration

    1. Spring MVC auto-configuration
    Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
    以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
    Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
    自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何
    渲染(转发?重定向?))
    ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
    如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;
    Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路
    径,webjars
    Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
    Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
    自动注册了 of Converter , GenericConverter , Formatter beans.
    Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
    Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格
    式化的规则
    public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
    return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
    }
    

    自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可
    Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
    HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User---Json;
    HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
    自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中
    (@Bean,@Component)
    Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
    Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
    我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

    初始化WebDataBinder;
    请求数据=====JavaBean;
    

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
    If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration
    (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances of
    RequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
    you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
    If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with
    @EnableWebMvc .

    2. 扩展SpringMVC

    <mvc:view‐controller path="/hello" view‐name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
    <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
    <bean></bean>
    </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    

    编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;
    既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;

    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // super.addViewControllers(registry);
    //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
    registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
    }
    

    原理:
    1)WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
    2)在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

    @Configuration
    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
    private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
    //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer
    @Autowired(required = false)
    public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
    if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
    this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
    //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;
    @Override
    // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    //
    //
    //
    }
    }
    }
    

    3)容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
    4)我们的配置类也会被调用;

    效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;

    3. 全面接管SpringMVC
    SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了
    我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
    @EnableWebMvc
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // super.addViewControllers(registry);
    //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
    registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
    }
    

    原理:
    为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;

    1)@EnableWebMvc的核心

    @Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
    public @interface EnableWebMvc {
    
    @Configuration
    public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    
    @Configuration
    @ConditionalOnWebApplication
    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
    //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
    @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
    @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,
    ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
    public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
    

    4)@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
    5)导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;

    5. 如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置
    模式:
    1)SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如
    果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默
    认的组合起来;
    2)在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
    3)在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

    6. RestfulCRUD

    1. 默认访问首页
    //使用WebMvcConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
    //@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
    @Configuration
    public class MyMvcConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    // super.addViewControllers(registry);
    //浏览器发送 /atguigu 请求来到 success
    registry.addViewController("/atguigu").setViewName("success");
    }
    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
    registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
    }
    };
    return adapter;
    }
    }
    

    2)国际化
    编写国际化配置文件;使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件;在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容;
    步骤:
    1️⃣编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息

    2️⃣SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件;

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
    public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    /**
    * Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath
    * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
    * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
    * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
    */
    private String basename = "messages";
    //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;
    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
    ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
    if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
    //设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)
    messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
    }
    if (this.encoding != null) {
    messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
    }
    messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
    messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
    messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
    return messageSource;
    }
    

    3️⃣去页面获取国际化的值;

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
    <meta http‐equiv="Content‐Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF‐8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device‐width, initial‐scale=1, shrink‐to‐
    fit=no">
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
    <!‐‐ Bootstrap core CSS ‐‐>
    <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css"
    th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
    <!‐‐ Custom styles for this template ‐‐>
    <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}"
    rel="stylesheet">
    </head>
    <body class="text‐center">
    <form class="form‐signin" action="dashboard.html">
    <img class="mb‐4" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg}"
    src="asserts/img/bootstrap‐solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">
    <h1 class="h3 mb‐3 font‐weight‐normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign
    in</h1>
    <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
    <input type="text" class="form‐control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#
    {login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
    <label class="sr‐only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
    <input type="password" class="form‐control" placeholder="Password"
    th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
    <div class="checkbox mb‐3">
    <label>
    <input type="checkbox" value="remember‐me"/> [[#{login.remember}]]
    </label>
    </div>
    <button class="btn btn‐lg btn‐primary btn‐block" type="submit" th:text="#
    {login.btn}">Sign in</button>
    <p class="mt‐5 mb‐3 text‐muted">© 2017‐2018</p>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm">中文</a>
    <a class="btn btn‐sm">English</a>
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>
    

    根据浏览器语言设置信息切换国际化

    原理:
    国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
    if (this.mvcProperties
    .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
    return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
    }
    AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
    localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
    return localeResolver;
    }
    默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化
    

    4️⃣ 点击链接切换国际化

    /**
    * 可以在连接上携带区域信息
    */
    public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
    String l = request.getParameter("l");
    Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
    if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
    String[] split = l.split("_");
    locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);
    }
    return locale;
    }
    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale
    locale) {
    }
    }
    @Bean
    public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
    return new MyLocaleResolver();
    }
    }
    
    1. 登陆

    开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效

    1️⃣ 禁用模板引擎页面修改以后,实时生效

    # 禁用缓存
    spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
    

    2️⃣ 页面修改完成ctrl+f9,重新编译

    登陆错误信息的显示

    <p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>
    
    1. 拦截器进行登陆检查

    拦截器

    /**
    * 登陆检查,
    */
    public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //目标方法执行之前
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
    Object handler) throws Exception {
    Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
    if(user == null){
    //未登陆,返回登陆页面
    request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
    request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
    return false;
    }else{
    //已登陆,放行请求
    return true;
    }
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object
    handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
    Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
    }
    }
    

    注册拦截器

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurerAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean //将组件注册在容器
    public WebMvcConfigurerAdapter webMvcConfigurerAdapter(){
    WebMvcConfigurerAdapter adapter = new WebMvcConfigurerAdapter() {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
    registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
    registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
    registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
    }
    //注册拦截器
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
    //super.addInterceptors(registry);
    //静态资源; *.css , *.js
    //SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
    registry.addInterceptor(new
    LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
    .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");
    }
    };
    return adapter;
    }
    
    1. CURD-员工列表

    实验要求:

    1️⃣ RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
    URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

    2️⃣ 实验的请求架构

    3️⃣ 员工列表

    thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

    1、抽取公共片段
    <div th:fragment="copy">
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>
    2、引入公共片段
    <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
    ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器
    ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名
    3、默认效果:
    insert的公共片段在div标签中
    如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:
    行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
    

    三种引入公共片段的th属性:

    th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
    th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
    th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

    <footer th:fragment="copy">
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    引入方式
    <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
    效果
    <div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    </div>
    <footer>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
    <div>
    &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>
    

    引入片段的时候传入参数:

    <nav class="col‐md‐2 d‐none d‐md‐block bg‐light sidebar" id="sidebar">
    <div class="sidebar‐sticky">
    <ul class="nav flex‐column">
    <li class="nav‐item">
    <a class="nav‐link active"
    th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav‐link active':'nav‐link'}"
    href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24"
    viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke‐width="2" stroke‐
    linecap="round" stroke‐linejoin="round" class="feather feather‐home">
    <path d="M3 9l9‐7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1‐2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1‐2‐2z"></path>
    <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
    </svg>
    Dashboard <span class="sr‐only">(current)</span>
    </a>
    </li>
    <!‐‐引入侧边栏;传入参数‐‐>
    <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>
    
    1. CRUD-员工添加
    <form>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>LastName</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Email</label>
            <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Gender</label><br/>
            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1">
                <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0">
                <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>department</label>
            <select class="form-control">
                <option>1</option>
                <option>2</option>
                <option>3</option>
                <option>4</option>
                <option>5</option>
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Birth</label>
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
    </form>
    
    1. CRUD-员工修改
    <!--需要区分是员工修改还是添加;-->
    <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">
        <!--发送put请求修改员工数据-->
        <!--
    1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
    2、页面创建一个post表单
    3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
    -->
        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>
        <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>LastName</label>
            <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Email</label>
            <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Gender</label><br/>
            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
                <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">
                <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>department</label>
            <!--提交的是部门的id-->
            <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
                <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Birth</label>
            <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
    </form>
    
    1. CURD-员工删除
    <tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
        <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
        <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>
        <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
        <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>
        <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
        <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
        <td>
            <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>
            <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button>
        </td>
    </tr>
    
    
    <script>
        $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){
            //删除当前员工的
            $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();
            return false;
        });
    </script>
    

    7. 错误处理机制

    1. SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

    1️⃣ 浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面

    浏览器发送请求头信息:

    2️⃣ 其他客户端(如:postman),默认响应一个json数据

    3️⃣ 可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置

    ① DefaultErrorAttributes

    @Override
    	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,
    			boolean includeStackTrace) {
    		Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
    		errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
    		addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
    		addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
    		addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
    		return errorAttributes;
    	}
    

    ② BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求

    @Controller
    @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
    public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
        
        @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")//产生html类型的数据;浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
    	public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
    			HttpServletResponse response) {
    		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    		Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
    				request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
    		response.setStatus(status.value());
            
            //去哪个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容
    		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
    		return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
    	}
    
    	@RequestMapping
    	@ResponseBody    //产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理;
    	public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
    		Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
    				isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
    		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
    		return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
    	}
    

    ③ ErrorPageCustomizer

    @Value("${error.path:/error}")
    	private String path = "/error";  系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
    

    ④ DefaultErrorViewResolver

    @Override
    	public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,
    			Map<String, Object> model) {
    		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
    		if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
    			modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
    		}
    		return modelAndView;
    	}
    
    	private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
            //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面?  error/404
    		String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
            
            //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
    		TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders
    				.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
    		if (provider != null) {
                //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址
    			return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
    		}
            //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面   error/404.html
    		return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
    	}
    

    系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController处理

    1. 定制错误响应

    1️⃣ 定制错误页面

    ① 模板引擎

    将错误页面命名为错误状态码.html,放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下,发生此状态码的错误就会来到对应的页面;

    ② 静态资源文件夹

    没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;

    ③ 默认页面

    以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面

    2️⃣ 定制错误的json数据

    ① 自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;

    @ControllerAdvice
    public class MyExceptionHandler {
    
        @ResponseBody
        @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
        public Map<String,Object> handleException(Exception e){
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            map.put("code","user.notexist");
            map.put("message",e.getMessage());
            return map;
        }
    }
    //没有自适应效果
    

    ② 转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理

     @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
        public String handleException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
            Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
            //传入我们自己的错误状态码  4xx 5xx,否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
            /**
             * Integer statusCode = (Integer) request
             .getAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code");
             */
            request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
            map.put("code","user.notexist");
            map.put("message",e.getMessage());
            //转发到/error
            return "forward:/error";
        }
    

    3️⃣ 定制数据携带出去

    出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
    ​1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
    2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
    容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
    自定义ErrorAttributes

    //给容器中加入我们自己定义的ErrorAttributes
    @Component
    public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {
    
        @Override
        public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) {
            Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);
            map.put("company","atguigu");
            return map;
        }
    }
    

    最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangyang0210/p/13063210.html
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