SQL

create table tb(id varchar(3) , pid varchar(3) , name varchar(10))
insert into tb values('001' , null  , '广东省')
insert into tb values('002' , '001' , '广州市')
insert into tb values('003' , '001' , '深圳市')
insert into tb values('004' , '002' , '天河区')
insert into tb values('005' , '003' , '罗湖区')
insert into tb values('006' , '003' , '福田区')
insert into tb values('007' , '003' , '宝安区')
insert into tb values('008' , '007' , '西乡镇')
insert into tb values('009' , '007' , '龙华镇')
insert into tb values('010' , '007' , '松岗镇')
go

--查询指定节点及其所有父节点的函数
create function f_pid(@id varchar(3)) returns @t_level table(id varchar(3))
as
begin
  insert into @t_level select @id
  select @id= pid from tb where id =@id and pid is not null
  while @@ROWCOUNT>0
  begin
    insert into @t_level select @id select @id= pid from tb where id =@id and pid is not null
  end
  return
end
go

--调用函数查询002(广州市)及其所有父节点
select a.*from tb a , f_pid('002') b where a.id = b.id order by a.id

执行结果 

/*
id   pid  name       
---- ---- ---------- 
001  NULL 广东省
002  001  广州市
*/