// Backbone.js 1.0.0 // (c) 2010-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc. // Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license. // For all details and documentation: // http://backbonejs.org /* * 注释 一只柯楠 */ (function(){ // Initial Setup // ------------- // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports` // on the server). // 保存window为局部变量，加快速度 var root = this; // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used. // 保存之前的backbone var previousBackbone = root.Backbone; // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later. // 常用方法保存 var array = []; var push = array.push; var slice = array.slice; var splice = array.splice; // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server. var Backbone; if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') { Backbone = exports; } else { Backbone = root.Backbone = {}; } // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`. Backbone.VERSION = '1.0.0'; // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present. // 获取underscore的方法集合 var _ = root._; if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore'); // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns // the `$` variable. // 获取基础库 Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$; // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object. // 将Backbone命名空间让给之前的库(可能是undefined) Backbone.noConflict = function() { root.Backbone = previousBackbone; return this; }; // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option // will fake `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header. Backbone.emulateHTTP = false; // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a // form param named `model`. Backbone.emulateJSON = false; // Backbone.Events // --------------- // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in // succession. // // var object = {}; // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); // object.trigger('expand'); //事件方法集合 var Events = Backbone.Events = { // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind // the callback to all events fired. //还可以这么用 event.on({'test': function(){}}, context) on: function(name, callback, context) { if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; this._events || (this._events = {}); var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []); events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this}); return this; }, // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. // 只执行一次，之后就会删除掉 once: function(name, callback, context) { if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; var self = this; //只执行一次的函数 var once = _.once(function() { self.off(name, once); callback.apply(this, arguments); }); //保存_callback once._callback = callback; return this.on(name, once, context); }, // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound // callbacks for all events. // 删除监听函数集合 off: function(name, callback, context) { var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k; if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this; if (!name && !callback && !context) { this._events = {}; return this; } //name参数存在，则删除name，否则删除所有 names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events); for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { name = names[i]; //回调函数集合events if (events = this._events[name]) { //重置函数集合 this._events[name] = retain = []; if (callback || context) { //遍历监听函数集合 for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) { ev = events[j]; //如果有制定callback这删除指定callback的函数，保存不等于callback的方法，即是删除等于callback的方法 //_callback是once方法绑定的事件 if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) || (context && context !== ev.context)) { retain.push(ev); } } } if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name]; } } return this; }, // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). // 触发指定事件 trigger: function(name) { if (!this._events) return this; var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this; var events = this._events[name]; //所有事件都执行的函数集合 var allEvents = this._events.all; if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments); return this; }, // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or // to every object it's currently listening to. stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners; if (!listeners) return this; var deleteListener = !name && !callback; if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; if (obj) (listeners = {})[obj._listenerId] = obj; for (var id in listeners) { listeners[id].off(name, callback, this); if (deleteListener) delete this._listeners[id]; } return this; } }; // Regular expression used to split event strings. var eventSplitter = /s+/; // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}` // in terms of the existing API. // 但name是一个【对象】或者【'click touchstart'】是用于迭代执行 var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) { if (!name) return true; // Handle event maps. if (typeof name === 'object') { for (var key in name) { //this['on']('click', function(){}, ) obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest)); } return false; } // Handle space separated event names. if (eventSplitter.test(name)) { var names = name.split(eventSplitter); for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest)); } return false; } return true; }; // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal // Backbone events have 3 arguments). // 遍历执行监听函数，call函数的性能优于apply，所以switch做判断 var triggerEvents = function(events, args) { var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; switch (args.length) { //0个参数时，拿出保存监听函数的对象ev，call成ev的.ctx来执行 case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return; //1个参数时，拿出保存监听函数的对象ev，call成ev的.ctx来执行 case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return; case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return; case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return; default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); } }; var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'}; // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's // listening to. _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) { //Event['listenTo'] Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = _.uniqueId('l')); listeners[id] = obj; if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; obj[implementation](name, callback, this); return this; }; }); // Aliases for backwards compatibility. Events.bind = Events.on; Events.unbind = Events.off; // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place. _.extend(Backbone, Events); // Backbone.Model // -------------- // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework -- // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server. // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for // performing computations and transformations on that data. // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`) // is automatically generated and assigned for you. var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) { var defaults; //属性对象 var attrs = attributes || {}; options || (options = {}); //获取独一ID this.cid = _.uniqueId('c'); //属性保存 this.attributes = {}; //把一些方法引用到this _.extend(this, _.pick(options, modelOptions)); //判断用户传入options.parse是为真，则使用继承Model的对象的parse方法返回的对象赋给attrs if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {}; //获取继承的Model的对象是否存在defaults属性 if (defaults = _.result(this, 'defaults')) { attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, defaults); } this.set(attrs, options); this.changed = {}; this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); }; // A list of options to be attached directly to the model, if provided. // 这些方法直接在this上加一个引用 var modelOptions = ['url', 'urlRoot', 'collection']; // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype. _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, { // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ. // 修改过的属性的散列表 changed: null, // The value returned during the last failed validation. validationError: null, // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`. idAttribute: 'id', // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function(){}, // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object. toJSON: function(options) { return _.clone(this.attributes); }, // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model. sync: function() { return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); }, // Get the value of an attribute. get: function(attr) { return this.attributes[attr]; }, // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute. escape: function(attr) { return _.escape(this.get(attr)); }, // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null // or undefined. has: function(attr) { return this.get(attr) != null; }, // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast. set: function(key, val, options) { var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current; if (key == null) return this; // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. if (typeof key === 'object') { attrs = key; options = val; } else { (attrs = {})[key] = val; } options || (options = {}); // Run validation. // 验证一下 if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; // Extract attributes and options. // 提取属性 unset = options.unset; silent = options.silent; changes = []; changing = this._changing; this._changing = true; //如果不是正在修改,后面如果是第一次的set导致的再次调用set方法，则为假 if (!changing) { //保留老的attributes; this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes); //重置修改的属性; this.changed = {}; } //current是当前的属性列表， prev是从前的属性列表, attrs是要修改的属性列表 current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes; // Check for changes of `id`. // 检查并进行id修改 if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute]; // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value. for (attr in attrs) { val = attrs[attr]; //如果传入的属性不等于当前的，则加入修改列表 if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr); //保存本次修改的列表 if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) { this.changed[attr] = val; } else { delete this.changed[attr]; } //如果unset为真，则删除attributes里面的属性，否则赋给attributes属性 unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val; } // Trigger all relevant attribute changes. //如果silent为真，则不进行事件触发 if (!silent) { if (changes.length) this._pending = true; //trigger修改属性事件 for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) { //触发修改属性的事件 this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options); } } // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can // be recursively nested within `"change"` events. // 如果此次set的调用是前一个set导致的，即触发trigger('change'+changes[i])导致的递归,则结束 if (changing) return this; //如果silent为真，则不进行事件触发 if (!silent) { //这里有个while的原因是，可能trigger时进行了set方法，然后this._pending又变成了ture，再次进行触发change事件 while (this._pending) { this._pending = false; this.trigger('change', this, options); } } this._pending = false; this._changing = false; return this; }, // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop // if the attribute doesn't exist. // 删除属性 unset: function(attr, options) { return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); }, // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`. // 清空属性列表 clear: function(options) { var attrs = {}; for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0; return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true})); }, // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event. // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed. // 检测某个属性是否修改了,不传参数则若有修改则为真(检查所有) hasChanged: function(attr) { if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed); return _.has(this.changed, attr); }, // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined. // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model, // determining if there *would be* a change. // 检查参数对象和属性列表的区别 changedAttributes: function(diff) { if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false; var val, changed = false; var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes; for (var attr in diff) { if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue; (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val; } return changed; }, // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last // `"change"` event was fired. // 返回修改前的属性值 previous: function(attr) { if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null; return this._previousAttributes[attr]; }, // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous // `"change"` event. // 返回修改前的属性列表 previousAttributes: function() { return _.clone(this._previousAttributes); }, // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden, // triggering a `"change"` event. fetch: function(options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; var model = this; var success = options.success; //重载success方法 options.success = function(resp) { if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false; if (success) success(model, resp, options); model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); }; wrapError(this, options); return this.sync('read', this, options); }, // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server. // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's // state will be `set` again. save: function(key, val, options) { var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes; // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments. if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') { attrs = key; options = val; } else { (attrs = {})[key] = val; } // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as `set(attr).save(null, opts)`. if (attrs && (!options || !options.wait) && !this.set(attrs, options)) return false; options = _.extend({validate: true}, options); // Do not persist invalid models. if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false; // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`. if (attrs && options.wait) { this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs); } // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally) // updated with the server-side state. if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; var model = this; var success = options.success; options.success = function(resp) { // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves. model.attributes = attributes; var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options); if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs); if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) { return false; } if (success) success(model, resp, options); model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); }; wrapError(this, options); method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update'); if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs; xhr = this.sync(method, this, options); // Restore attributes. if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes; return xhr; }, // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted. // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one. // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal. destroy: function(options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; var model = this; var success = options.success; var destroy = function() { model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options); }; options.success = function(resp) { if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy(); if (success) success(model, resp, options); if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options); }; if (this.isNew()) { options.success(); return false; } wrapError(this, options); var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options); if (!options.wait) destroy(); return xhr; }, // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint // that will be called. url: function() { var base = _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || _.result(this.collection, 'url') || urlError(); if (this.isNew()) return base; return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id); }, // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along. parse: function(resp, options) { return resp; }, // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one. clone: function() { return new this.constructor(this.attributes); }, // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id. isNew: function() { return this.id == null; }, // Check if the model is currently in a valid state. isValid: function(options) { return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true })); }, // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes, // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event. _validate: function(attrs, options) { if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true; attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs); var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null; if (!error) return true; this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options || {}, {validationError: error})); return false; } }); // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model. var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit']; // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`. _.each(modelMethods, function(method) { Model.prototype[method] = function() { var args = slice.call(arguments); args.unshift(this.attributes); return _[method].apply(_, args); }; }); // Backbone.Collection // ------------------- // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`. // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`. // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed. var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) { options || (options = {}); if (options.url) this.url = options.url; if (options.model) this.model = options.model; if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator; this._reset(); this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); }; // Default options for `Collection#set`. var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true}; var addOptions = {add: true, merge: false, remove: false}; // Define the Collection's inheritable methods. _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, { // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**. // This should be overridden in most cases. model: Model, // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function(){}, // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the // models' attributes. toJSON: function(options) { return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); }); }, // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default. sync: function() { return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments); }, // Add a model, or list of models to the set. add: function(models, options) { return this.set(models, _.defaults(options || {}, addOptions)); }, // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set. remove: function(models, options) { models = _.isArray(models) ? models.slice() : [models]; options || (options = {}); var i, l, index, model; for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { model = this.get(models[i]); if (!model) continue; delete this._byId[model.id]; delete this._byId[model.cid]; index = this.indexOf(model); this.models.splice(index, 1); this.length--; if (!options.silent) { options.index = index; model.trigger('remove', model, this, options); } this._removeReference(model); } return this; }, // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones, // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**, // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection. set: function(models, options) { options = _.defaults(options || {}, setOptions); if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options); if (!_.isArray(models)) models = models ? [models] : []; var i, l, model, attrs, existing, sort; var at = options.at; var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false; var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null; var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {}; // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models // from being added. for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) { if (!(model = this._prepareModel(models[i], options))) continue; // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and // optionally merge it into the existing model. if (existing = this.get(model)) { if (options.remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true; if (options.merge) { existing.set(model.attributes, options); if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true; } // This is a new model, push it to the `toAdd` list. } else if (options.add) { toAdd.push(model); // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by // `id` and by `cid`. model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this); this._byId[model.cid] = model; if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; } } // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate. if (options.remove) { for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) { if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model); } if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options); } // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models. if (toAdd.length) { if (sortable) sort = true; this.length += toAdd.length; if (at != null) { splice.apply(this.models, [at, 0].concat(toAdd)); } else { push.apply(this.models, toAdd); } } // Silently sort the collection if appropriate. if (sort) this.sort({silent: true}); if (options.silent) return this; // Trigger `add` events. for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) { (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options); } // Trigger `sort` if the collection was sorted. if (sort) this.trigger('sort', this, options); return this; }, // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually, // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished. // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations. reset: function(models, options) { options || (options = {}); for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) { this._removeReference(this.models[i]); } options.previousModels = this.models; this._reset(); this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options)); if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options); return this; }, // Add a model to the end of the collection. push: function(model, options) { model = this._prepareModel(model, options); this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options)); return model; }, // Remove a model from the end of the collection. pop: function(options) { var model = this.at(this.length - 1); this.remove(model, options); return model; }, // Add a model to the beginning of the collection. unshift: function(model, options) { model = this._prepareModel(model, options); this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options)); return model; }, // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection. shift: function(options) { var model = this.at(0); this.remove(model, options); return model; }, // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection. slice: function(begin, end) { return this.models.slice(begin, end); }, // Get a model from the set by id. get: function(obj) { if (obj == null) return void 0; return this._byId[obj.id != null ? obj.id : obj.cid || obj]; }, // Get the model at the given index. at: function(index) { return this.models[index]; }, // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of // `filter`. where: function(attrs, first) { if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : []; return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) { for (var key in attrs) { if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false; } return true; }); }, // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases // of `find`. findWhere: function(attrs) { return this.where(attrs, true); }, // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item // is added. sort: function(options) { if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator'); options || (options = {}); // Run sort based on type of `comparator`. if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) { this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this); } else { this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this)); } if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options); return this; }, // Figure out the smallest index at which a model should be inserted so as // to maintain order. sortedIndex: function(model, value, context) { value || (value = this.comparator); var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) { return model.get(value); }; return _.sortedIndex(this.models, model, iterator, context); }, // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection. pluck: function(attr) { return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr); }, // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`. fetch: function(options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true; var success = options.success; var collection = this; options.success = function(resp) { var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set'; collection[method](resp, options); if (success) success(collection, resp, options); collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options); }; wrapError(this, options); return this.sync('read', this, options); }, // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we // wait for the server to agree. create: function(model, options) { options = options ? _.clone(options) : {}; if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false; if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options); var collection = this; var success = options.success; options.success = function(resp) { if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options); if (success) success(model, resp, options); }; model.save(null, options); return model; }, // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through. parse: function(resp, options) { return resp; }, // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one. clone: function() { return new this.constructor(this.models); }, // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection // is first initialized or reset. _reset: function() { this.length = 0; this.models = []; this._byId = {}; }, // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this // collection. _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) { if (attrs instanceof Model) { if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this; return attrs; } options || (options = {}); options.collection = this; var model = new this.model(attrs, options); if (!model._validate(attrs, options)) { this.trigger('invalid', this, attrs, options); return false; } return model; }, // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection. _removeReference: function(model) { if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection; model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this); }, // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event. // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate // in other collections are ignored. _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) { if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return; if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options); if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) { delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)]; if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model; } this.trigger.apply(this, arguments); } }); // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection. // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented // right here: var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl', 'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select', 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke', 'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest', 'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'indexOf', 'shuffle', 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain']; // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`. _.each(methods, function(method) { Collection.prototype[method] = function() { var args = slice.call(arguments); args.unshift(this.models); return _[method].apply(_, args); }; }); // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument. var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy']; // Use attributes instead of properties. _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) { Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) { var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) { return model.get(value); }; return _[method](this.models, iterator, context); }; }); // Backbone.View // ------------- // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to // react to specific changes in the state of your models. // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM, // if an existing element is not provided... var View = Backbone.View = function(options) { this.cid = _.uniqueId('view'); this._configure(options || {}); //拿到view外围元素this.$el this._ensureElement(); this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); //代理事件 this.delegateEvents(); }; // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`. var delegateEventSplitter = /^(S+)s*(.*)$/; // List of view options to be merged as properties. var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events']; // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods. _.extend(View.prototype, Events, { // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`. tagName: 'div', // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the // current view. This should be prefered to global lookups where possible. // 获取外围元素内的某些元素 $: function(selector) { return this.$el.find(selector); }, // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function(){}, // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The // convention is for **render** to always return `this`. render: function() { return this; }, // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any // applicable Backbone.Events listeners. remove: function() { this.$el.remove(); this.stopListening(); return this; }, // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event // re-delegation. setElement: function(element, delegate) { if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents(); this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element); this.el = this.$el[0]; if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents(); return this; }, // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of // // *{"event selector": "callback"}* // // { // 'mousedown .title': 'edit', // 'click .button': 'save' // 'click .open': function(e) { ... } // } // // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly. // Uses event delegation for efficiency. // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`. // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer. // 绑定代理事件 delegateEvents: function(events) { if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this; this.undelegateEvents(); for (var key in events) { var method = events[key]; if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]]; if (!method) continue; var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter); var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2]; method = _.bind(method, this); eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid; if (selector === '') { this.$el.on(eventName, method); } else { this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method); } } return this; }, // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`. // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element. // 删除事件代理 undelegateEvents: function() { this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid); return this; }, // Performs the initial configuration of a View with a set of options. // Keys with special meaning *(e.g. model, collection, id, className)* are // attached directly to the view. See `viewOptions` for an exhaustive // list. //把options加到this.options上，提取部分属性到this上去 _configure: function(options) { if (this.options) options = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'options'), options); _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions)); this.options = options; }, // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into. // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties. _ensureElement: function() { if (!this.el) { var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes')); if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id'); if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className'); var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs); this.setElement($el, false); } else { this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false); } } }); // Backbone.sync // ------------- // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be: // // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request. // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON. // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax. // // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method, // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`. // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests. Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) { var type = methodMap[method]; // Default options, unless specified. _.defaults(options || (options = {}), { emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP, emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON }); // Default JSON-request options. var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'}; // Ensure that we have a URL. if (!options.url) { params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError(); } // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data. if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) { params.contentType = 'application/json'; params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options)); } // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form. if (options.emulateJSON) { params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'; params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {}; } // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method` // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header. if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) { params.type = 'POST'; if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type; var beforeSend = options.beforeSend; options.beforeSend = function(xhr) { xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type); if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments); }; } // Don't process data on a non-GET request. if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) { params.processData = false; } // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8. if (params.type === 'PATCH' && window.ActiveXObject && !(window.external && window.external.msActiveXFilteringEnabled)) { params.xhr = function() { return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); }; } // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options. var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options)); model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options); return xhr; }; // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation. var methodMap = { 'create': 'POST', 'update': 'PUT', 'patch': 'PATCH', 'delete': 'DELETE', 'read': 'GET' }; // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`. // Override this if you'd like to use a different library. Backbone.ajax = function() { return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments); }; // Backbone.Router // --------------- // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically. var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) { options || (options = {}); if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes; this._bindRoutes(); this.initialize.apply(this, arguments); }; // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted // parts of route strings. // 匹配括号和括号里的内容 var optionalParam = /((.*?))/g; // :asdfasdf var namedParam = /((?)?:w+/g; var splatParam = /*w+/g; var escapeRegExp = /[-{}[]+?.,\^$|#s]/g; // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods. _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, { // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own // initialization logic. initialize: function(){}, // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example: // // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) { // ... // }); //route是用来匹配hash //name是名字 //callback是注册函数 route: function(route, name, callback) { if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route); if (_.isFunction(name)) { callback = name; name = ''; } if (!callback) callback = this[name]; var router = this; Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) { var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment); callback && callback.apply(router, args); router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args)); router.trigger('route', name, args); Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args); }); return this; }, // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history. navigate: function(fragment, options) { Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options); return this; }, // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map. // 绑定参数传入的routes对象的散列表监听 _bindRoutes: function() { if (!this.routes) return; this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes'); var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes); while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) { this.route(route, this.routes[route]); } }, // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching // against the current location hash. // 转化成正则 _routeToRegExp: function(route) { route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\$&') //把括号里的内容替换成(?:)不获取 .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?') // :sadasdf替换成:[^/] .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional){ return optional ? match : '([^/]+)'; }) //把*w+（*test）替换成(.*?) .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)'); //返回正则 return new RegExp('^' + route + '$'); }, // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior. // 解析一下url _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) { var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1); return _.map(params, function(param) { return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null; }); } }); // Backbone.History // ---------------- // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange) // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch), // falls back to polling. var History = Backbone.History = function() { this.handlers = []; _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl'); // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser. if (typeof window !== 'undefined') { this.location = window.location; this.history = window.history; } }; // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space. // #或者/ 或者空格开头，同样可以以上结尾 var routeStripper = /^[#/]|s+$/g; // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes. // /开头，或者/结尾 var rootStripper = /^/+|/+$/g; // Cached regex for detecting MSIE. // 检测IE var isExplorer = /msie [w.]+/; // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash. // 检测/ var trailingSlash = //$/; // Has the history handling already been started? // 是否开始的标记 History.started = false; // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods. _.extend(History.prototype, Events, { // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is // twenty times a second. interval: 50, // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded. // 获取hansh,无# getHash: function(window) { var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/); return match ? match[1] : ''; }, // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL, // the hash, or the override. // 获取hash getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) { if (fragment == null) { if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) { fragment = this.location.pathname; var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, ''); if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.substr(root.length); } else { fragment = this.getHash(); } } return fragment.replace(routeStripper, ''); }, // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches // an existing route, and `false` otherwise. // 开始监听hash变化 start: function(options) { //如果已经开始过了 if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started"); History.started = true; // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe? // Is pushState desired ... is it available? // 判断pushState是否可以用，否则用iframe this.options = _.extend({}, {root: '/'}, this.options, options); this.root = this.options.root; //显式禁用 this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false; this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState; this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState); var fragment = this.getFragment(); var docMode = document.documentMode; var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7)); // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash. this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/'); if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) { //ie this.iframe = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow; this.navigate(fragment); } // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state. if (this._hasPushState) { Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl); } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) { //注册事件 Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl); } else if (this._wantsHashChange) { this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval); } // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link // opened by a non-pushState browser. this.fragment = fragment; var loc = this.location; var atRoot = loc.pathname.replace(/[^/]$/, '$&/') === this.root; // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled browser, // but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it... if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState && !this._hasPushState && !atRoot) { this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true); this.location.replace(this.root + this.location.search + '#' + this.fragment); // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url return true; // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead... } else if (this._wantsPushState && this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) { this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, ''); this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment + loc.search); } if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl(); }, // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app, // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers. // 停止监听hash变化 stop: function() { Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl); clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval); History.started = false; }, // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later // may override previous routes. // 新增插入监听的hash格式和回调函数,使用unshift，而不是push，所以后期加入的优先级高于前面加入的 route: function(route, callback) { this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback}); }, // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has, // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe. // 注册在hanshchange变化的函数，判断是否变化了然后执行 checkUrl: function(e) { var current = this.getFragment(); if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) { current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)); } if (current === this.fragment) return false; if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current); this.loadUrl() || this.loadUrl(this.getHash()); }, // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment, // returns `false`. // 判断是否在需要监听的hash格式内，并且回调相关函数 loadUrl: function(fragmentOverride) { var fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragmentOverride); var matched = _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) { if (handler.route.test(fragment)) { handler.callback(fragment); return true; } }); return matched; }, // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding // the fragment in advance. // // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history. // 换到某个hash，fragment是hash,options可以传入trigger(是否触发),repace是否 navigate: function(fragment, options) { if (!History.started) return false; if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: options}; fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''); if (this.fragment === fragment) return; this.fragment = fragment; var url = this.root + fragment; // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL. if (this._hasPushState) { this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url); // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash // fragment to store history. } else if (this._wantsHashChange) { this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace); if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) { // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a // history entry on hash-tag change. When replace is true, we don't // want this. if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close(); this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace); } // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange- // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh. } else { return this.location.assign(url); } if (options.trigger) this.loadUrl(fragment); }, // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding // a new one to the browser history. // 修改hash _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) { if (replace) { var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, ''); location.replace(href + '#' + fragment); } else { // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #. location.hash = '#' + fragment; } } }); // Create the default Backbone.history. Backbone.history = new History; // Helpers // ------- // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses. // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and // class properties to be extended. var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) { var parent = this; var child; // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted // by us to simply call the parent's constructor. if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) { child = protoProps.constructor; } else { child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); }; } // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied. _.extend(child, parent, staticProps); // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling // `parent`'s constructor function. var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; }; Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype; child.prototype = new Surrogate; // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass, // if supplied. if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps); // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed // later. child.__super__ = parent.prototype; return child; }; // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history. Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend; // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied. var urlError = function() { throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified'); }; // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event. var wrapError = function (model, options) { var error = options.error; options.error = function(resp) { if (error) error(model, resp, options); model.trigger('error', model, resp, options); }; }; }).call(this);