模板
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1 #ifndef BIGNUM 2 #define BIGNUM 3 class BigNum { 4 #define MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM 500 5 #define BASE 10 6 #define DLEN 1 7 public: 8 int Len; 9 int d[MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM]; 10 public: 11 BigNum(void); 12 BigNum(const int); 13 BigNum(const char *); 14 BigNum(const BigNum &); 15 BigNum & operator = (const BigNum &); 16 void clear(void); 17 friend istream& operator>>(istream&,BigNum&); 18 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,BigNum&); 19 bool operator == (const BigNum &) const; 20 bool operator > (const BigNum &) const; 21 bool operator < (const BigNum &) const; 22 bool operator >= (const BigNum &) const; 23 bool operator <= (const BigNum &) const; 24 BigNum operator + (const BigNum &) const; 25 BigNum operator - (const BigNum &) const; 26 BigNum operator * (const BigNum &) const; 27 BigNum operator / (const BigNum &) const; 28 BigNum operator % (const BigNum &) const; 29 void operator ++ (void); 30 void operator -- (void); 31 BigNum operator + (const int &) const; 32 BigNum operator - (const int &) const; 33 BigNum operator * (const int &) const; 34 BigNum operator / (const int &) const; 35 int operator % (const int &) const; 36 BigNum operator ^ (const int &) const; 37 ~BigNum () {} 38 }; 39 BigNum::BigNum() { 40 Len=0; 41 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 42 } 43 BigNum::BigNum(const int ops) { 44 int x=ops; 45 Len=0; 46 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 47 while (x) { 48 Len++; 49 d[Len]=x%BASE; 50 x/=BASE; 51 } 52 } 53 BigNum::BigNum(const char * ops) { 54 int L=strlen(ops)-1,b=0; 55 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 56 while (ops[b]=='0') b++; 57 Len=0; 58 while (L-b+1>=DLEN) { 59 int x=0; 60 for (int i=L-DLEN+1; i<=L; i++) x=x*10+ops[i]-'0'; 61 Len++; 62 d[Len]=x; 63 L-=DLEN; 64 } 65 int x=0; 66 for (int i=b; i<=L; i++) x=x*10+ops[i]-'0'; 67 Len++; 68 d[Len]=x; 69 } 70 BigNum::BigNum(const BigNum &ops):Len(ops.Len) { 71 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 72 for(int i=1; i<=Len; i++) d[i]=ops.d[i]; 73 } 74 BigNum & BigNum::operator = (const BigNum &ops) { 75 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 76 Len=ops.Len; 77 for(int i=1; i<=Len; i++) 78 d[i]=ops.d[i]; 79 return *this; 80 } 81 void BigNum::clear(void) { 82 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) { 83 if (d[i]<0) { 84 d[i]+=BASE; 85 d[i+1]--; 86 } 87 if (d[i]>=BASE) { 88 d[i]-=BASE; 89 d[i+1]++; 90 } 91 } 92 for (int i=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-1; i>=1; i--) 93 if (d[i]>0) { 94 Len=i; 95 return; 96 } 97 Len=0; 98 } 99 istream& operator>>(istream &in,BigNum &ops) { 100 char str[MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM+100]; 101 in>>str; 102 int L=strlen(str),b=0; 103 while (str[b]=='0') b++; 104 ops.Len=0; 105 for (int i=L-1; i>=b; i--) { 106 ops.Len++; 107 ops.d[ops.Len]=str[i]-'0'; 108 } 109 return in; 110 } 111 ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,BigNum& ops) { 112 for (int i=ops.Len; i>=1; i--) out<<ops.d[i]; 113 if (ops.Len==0) out<<"0"; 114 return out; 115 } 116 bool BigNum::operator == (const BigNum &ops) const { 117 if (Len!=ops.Len) return false; 118 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 119 if (d[i]!=ops.d[i]) return false; 120 return true; 121 } 122 bool BigNum::operator > (const BigNum &ops) const { 123 if (Len<ops.Len) return false; 124 else if (Len>ops.Len) return true; 125 else { 126 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 127 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return false; 128 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return true; 129 } 130 return false; 131 } 132 bool BigNum::operator < (const BigNum &ops) const { 133 if (Len<ops.Len) return true; 134 else if (Len>ops.Len) return false; 135 else { 136 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 137 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return true; 138 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return false; 139 } 140 return false; 141 } 142 bool BigNum::operator >= (const BigNum &ops) const { 143 if (Len<ops.Len) return false; 144 else if (Len>ops.Len) return true; 145 else { 146 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 147 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return false; 148 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return true; 149 } 150 return true; 151 } 152 bool BigNum::operator <= (const BigNum &ops) const { 153 if (Len<ops.Len) return true; 154 else if (Len>ops.Len) return false; 155 else { 156 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 157 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return true; 158 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return false; 159 } 160 return true; 161 } 162 BigNum BigNum::operator + (const BigNum &ops) const { 163 BigNum ret(*this); 164 for (int i=1; i<=ops.Len; i++) ret.d[i]+=ops.d[i]; 165 ret.clear(); 166 return ret; 167 } 168 BigNum BigNum::operator - (const BigNum &ops) const { 169 BigNum ret(*this); 170 for (int i=ops.Len; i>=1; i--) ret.d[i]-=ops.d[i]; 171 ret.clear(); 172 return ret; 173 } 174 BigNum BigNum::operator * (const BigNum &ops) const { 175 BigNum ret,now(*this); 176 for (int i=1; i<=now.Len; i++) 177 for (int j=1; j<=ops.Len; j++) 178 ret.d[i+j-1]+=now.d[i]*ops.d[j]; 179 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 180 if (ret.d[i]>=BASE) { 181 ret.d[i+1]+=ret.d[i]/BASE; 182 ret.d[i]%=BASE; 183 } 184 for (int i=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-1; i>=1; i--) 185 if (ret.d[i]>0) { 186 ret.Len=i; 187 break; 188 } 189 return ret; 190 } 191 BigNum BigNum::operator / (const BigNum &ops) const { 192 BigNum now=(*this),div,mod; 193 div.Len=now.Len; 194 mod.Len=0; 195 for (int j=now.Len; j>=1; j--) { 196 mod.Len++; 197 for (int p=mod.Len; p>=2; p--) mod.d[p]=mod.d[p-1]; 198 mod.d[1]=now.d[j]; 199 while (mod>=ops) { 200 div.d[j]++; 201 mod=mod-ops; 202 } 203 if (mod.Len==1 && mod.d[1]==0) mod.Len--; 204 } 205 div.clear(); 206 mod.clear(); 207 return div; 208 } 209 BigNum BigNum::operator % (const BigNum &ops) const { 210 BigNum now=(*this),div,mod; 211 div.Len=now.Len; 212 mod.Len=0; 213 for (int j=now.Len; j>=1; j--) { 214 mod.Len++; 215 for (int p=mod.Len; p>=2; p--) mod.d[p]=mod.d[p-1]; 216 mod.d[1]=now.d[j]; 217 while (mod>=ops) { 218 div.d[j]++; 219 mod=mod-ops; 220 } 221 if (mod.Len==1 && mod.d[1]==0) mod.Len--; 222 } 223 div.clear(); 224 mod.clear(); 225 return mod; 226 } 227 void BigNum::operator ++ (void) { 228 d[1]++; 229 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 230 if (d[i]>=BASE) { 231 d[i]-=BASE; 232 d[i+1]++; 233 } else break; 234 if (d[Len+1]>0) Len++; 235 } 236 void BigNum::operator -- (void) { 237 d[1]--; 238 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 239 if (d[i]<0) { 240 d[i]+=BASE; 241 d[i+1]--; 242 } else break; 243 if (d[Len]==0) Len--; 244 } 245 BigNum BigNum::operator + (const int & ops) const { 246 BigNum ret=(*this); 247 ret.d[1]+=ops; 248 ret.clear(); 249 return ret; 250 } 251 BigNum BigNum::operator - (const int & ops) const { 252 BigNum ret=(*this); 253 ret.d[1]-=ops; 254 ret.clear(); 255 return ret; 256 } 257 BigNum BigNum::operator * (const int & ops) const { 258 BigNum ret(*this); 259 for (int i=1; i<=ret.Len; i++) ret.d[i]*=ops; 260 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 261 if (ret.d[i]>=BASE) { 262 ret.d[i+1]+=ret.d[i]/BASE; 263 ret.d[i]%=BASE; 264 } 265 for (int i=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-1; i>=1; i--) 266 if (ret.d[i]>0) { 267 ret.Len=i; 268 return ret; 269 } 270 ret.Len=0; 271 return ret; 272 } 273 BigNum BigNum::operator / (const int & ops) const { 274 BigNum ret; 275 int down=0; 276 for(int i=Len; i>=1; i--) { 277 ret.d[i]=(d[i]+down*BASE)/ops; 278 down=d[i]+down*BASE-ret.d[i]*ops; 279 } 280 ret.Len=Len; 281 while(ret.d[ret.Len]==0 && ret.Len>1) 282 ret.Len--; 283 return ret; 284 } 285 int BigNum::operator % (const int &ops) const { 286 int mod=0; 287 for(int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 288 mod=((mod*BASE)%ops+d[i])%ops; 289 return mod; 290 } 291 BigNum BigNum::operator ^ (const int &ops) const { 292 BigNum t,ret(1); 293 if(ops==0)return ret; 294 if(ops==1)return *this; 295 int m=ops,i; 296 while(m>1) { 297 t=*this; 298 for(i=1; (i<<1)<=m; i<<=1) 299 t=t*t; 300 m-=i; 301 ret=ret*t; 302 if(m==1)ret=ret*(*this); 303 } 304 return ret; 305 } 306 #endif
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http://poj.org/problem?id=1737
n个各不相同的点能组成多少无向连通图?
1 #include<cstdio> 2 #include<cstring> 3 #include<iostream> 4 using namespace std; 5 6 #ifndef BIGNUM 7 #define BIGNUM 8 class BigNum { 9 #define MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM 500 10 #define BASE 10 11 #define DLEN 1 12 public: 13 int Len; 14 int d[MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM]; 15 public: 16 BigNum(void); 17 BigNum(const int); 18 BigNum(const char *); 19 BigNum(const BigNum &); 20 BigNum & operator = (const BigNum &); 21 void clear(void); 22 friend istream& operator>>(istream&,BigNum&); 23 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&,BigNum&); 24 bool operator == (const BigNum &) const; 25 bool operator > (const BigNum &) const; 26 bool operator < (const BigNum &) const; 27 bool operator >= (const BigNum &) const; 28 bool operator <= (const BigNum &) const; 29 BigNum operator + (const BigNum &) const; 30 BigNum operator - (const BigNum &) const; 31 BigNum operator * (const BigNum &) const; 32 BigNum operator / (const BigNum &) const; 33 BigNum operator % (const BigNum &) const; 34 void operator ++ (void); 35 void operator -- (void); 36 BigNum operator + (const int &) const; 37 BigNum operator - (const int &) const; 38 BigNum operator * (const int &) const; 39 BigNum operator / (const int &) const; 40 int operator % (const int &) const; 41 BigNum operator ^ (const int &) const; 42 ~BigNum () {} 43 }; 44 BigNum::BigNum() { 45 Len=0; 46 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 47 } 48 BigNum::BigNum(const int ops) { 49 int x=ops; 50 Len=0; 51 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 52 while (x) { 53 Len++; 54 d[Len]=x%BASE; 55 x/=BASE; 56 } 57 } 58 BigNum::BigNum(const char * ops) { 59 int L=strlen(ops)-1,b=0; 60 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 61 while (ops[b]=='0') b++; 62 Len=0; 63 while (L-b+1>=DLEN) { 64 int x=0; 65 for (int i=L-DLEN+1; i<=L; i++) x=x*10+ops[i]-'0'; 66 Len++; 67 d[Len]=x; 68 L-=DLEN; 69 } 70 int x=0; 71 for (int i=b; i<=L; i++) x=x*10+ops[i]-'0'; 72 Len++; 73 d[Len]=x; 74 } 75 BigNum::BigNum(const BigNum &ops):Len(ops.Len) { 76 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 77 for(int i=1; i<=Len; i++) d[i]=ops.d[i]; 78 } 79 BigNum & BigNum::operator = (const BigNum &ops) { 80 memset(d,0,sizeof(d)); 81 Len=ops.Len; 82 for(int i=1; i<=Len; i++) 83 d[i]=ops.d[i]; 84 return *this; 85 } 86 void BigNum::clear(void) { 87 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) { 88 if (d[i]<0) { 89 d[i]+=BASE; 90 d[i+1]--; 91 } 92 if (d[i]>=BASE) { 93 d[i]-=BASE; 94 d[i+1]++; 95 } 96 } 97 for (int i=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-1; i>=1; i--) 98 if (d[i]>0) { 99 Len=i; 100 return; 101 } 102 Len=0; 103 } 104 istream& operator>>(istream &in,BigNum &ops) { 105 char str[MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM+100]; 106 in>>str; 107 int L=strlen(str),b=0; 108 while (str[b]=='0') b++; 109 ops.Len=0; 110 for (int i=L-1; i>=b; i--) { 111 ops.Len++; 112 ops.d[ops.Len]=str[i]-'0'; 113 } 114 return in; 115 } 116 ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,BigNum& ops) { 117 for (int i=ops.Len; i>=1; i--) out<<ops.d[i]; 118 if (ops.Len==0) out<<"0"; 119 return out; 120 } 121 bool BigNum::operator == (const BigNum &ops) const { 122 if (Len!=ops.Len) return false; 123 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 124 if (d[i]!=ops.d[i]) return false; 125 return true; 126 } 127 bool BigNum::operator > (const BigNum &ops) const { 128 if (Len<ops.Len) return false; 129 else if (Len>ops.Len) return true; 130 else { 131 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 132 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return false; 133 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return true; 134 } 135 return false; 136 } 137 bool BigNum::operator < (const BigNum &ops) const { 138 if (Len<ops.Len) return true; 139 else if (Len>ops.Len) return false; 140 else { 141 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 142 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return true; 143 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return false; 144 } 145 return false; 146 } 147 bool BigNum::operator >= (const BigNum &ops) const { 148 if (Len<ops.Len) return false; 149 else if (Len>ops.Len) return true; 150 else { 151 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 152 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return false; 153 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return true; 154 } 155 return true; 156 } 157 bool BigNum::operator <= (const BigNum &ops) const { 158 if (Len<ops.Len) return true; 159 else if (Len>ops.Len) return false; 160 else { 161 for (int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 162 if (d[i]<ops.d[i]) return true; 163 else if (d[i]>ops.d[i]) return false; 164 } 165 return true; 166 } 167 BigNum BigNum::operator + (const BigNum &ops) const { 168 BigNum ret(*this); 169 for (int i=1; i<=ops.Len; i++) ret.d[i]+=ops.d[i]; 170 ret.clear(); 171 return ret; 172 } 173 BigNum BigNum::operator - (const BigNum &ops) const { 174 BigNum ret(*this); 175 for (int i=ops.Len; i>=1; i--) ret.d[i]-=ops.d[i]; 176 ret.clear(); 177 return ret; 178 } 179 BigNum BigNum::operator * (const BigNum &ops) const { 180 BigNum ret,now(*this); 181 for (int i=1; i<=now.Len; i++) 182 for (int j=1; j<=ops.Len; j++) 183 ret.d[i+j-1]+=now.d[i]*ops.d[j]; 184 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 185 if (ret.d[i]>=BASE) { 186 ret.d[i+1]+=ret.d[i]/BASE; 187 ret.d[i]%=BASE; 188 } 189 for (int i=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-1; i>=1; i--) 190 if (ret.d[i]>0) { 191 ret.Len=i; 192 break; 193 } 194 return ret; 195 } 196 BigNum BigNum::operator / (const BigNum &ops) const { 197 BigNum now=(*this),div,mod; 198 div.Len=now.Len; 199 mod.Len=0; 200 for (int j=now.Len; j>=1; j--) { 201 mod.Len++; 202 for (int p=mod.Len; p>=2; p--) mod.d[p]=mod.d[p-1]; 203 mod.d[1]=now.d[j]; 204 while (mod>=ops) { 205 div.d[j]++; 206 mod=mod-ops; 207 } 208 if (mod.Len==1 && mod.d[1]==0) mod.Len--; 209 } 210 div.clear(); 211 mod.clear(); 212 return div; 213 } 214 BigNum BigNum::operator % (const BigNum &ops) const { 215 BigNum now=(*this),div,mod; 216 div.Len=now.Len; 217 mod.Len=0; 218 for (int j=now.Len; j>=1; j--) { 219 mod.Len++; 220 for (int p=mod.Len; p>=2; p--) mod.d[p]=mod.d[p-1]; 221 mod.d[1]=now.d[j]; 222 while (mod>=ops) { 223 div.d[j]++; 224 mod=mod-ops; 225 } 226 if (mod.Len==1 && mod.d[1]==0) mod.Len--; 227 } 228 div.clear(); 229 mod.clear(); 230 return mod; 231 } 232 void BigNum::operator ++ (void) { 233 d[1]++; 234 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 235 if (d[i]>=BASE) { 236 d[i]-=BASE; 237 d[i+1]++; 238 } else break; 239 if (d[Len+1]>0) Len++; 240 } 241 void BigNum::operator -- (void) { 242 d[1]--; 243 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 244 if (d[i]<0) { 245 d[i]+=BASE; 246 d[i+1]--; 247 } else break; 248 if (d[Len]==0) Len--; 249 } 250 BigNum BigNum::operator + (const int & ops) const { 251 BigNum ret=(*this); 252 ret.d[1]+=ops; 253 ret.clear(); 254 return ret; 255 } 256 BigNum BigNum::operator - (const int & ops) const { 257 BigNum ret=(*this); 258 ret.d[1]-=ops; 259 ret.clear(); 260 return ret; 261 } 262 BigNum BigNum::operator * (const int & ops) const { 263 BigNum ret(*this); 264 for (int i=1; i<=ret.Len; i++) ret.d[i]*=ops; 265 for (int i=1; i<=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-2; i++) 266 if (ret.d[i]>=BASE) { 267 ret.d[i+1]+=ret.d[i]/BASE; 268 ret.d[i]%=BASE; 269 } 270 for (int i=MAXSIZEOFBIGNUM-1; i>=1; i--) 271 if (ret.d[i]>0) { 272 ret.Len=i; 273 return ret; 274 } 275 ret.Len=0; 276 return ret; 277 } 278 BigNum BigNum::operator / (const int & ops) const { 279 BigNum ret; 280 int down=0; 281 for(int i=Len; i>=1; i--) { 282 ret.d[i]=(d[i]+down*BASE)/ops; 283 down=d[i]+down*BASE-ret.d[i]*ops; 284 } 285 ret.Len=Len; 286 while(ret.d[ret.Len]==0 && ret.Len>1) 287 ret.Len--; 288 return ret; 289 } 290 int BigNum::operator % (const int &ops) const { 291 int mod=0; 292 for(int i=Len; i>=1; i--) 293 mod=((mod*BASE)%ops+d[i])%ops; 294 return mod; 295 } 296 BigNum BigNum::operator ^ (const int &ops) const { 297 BigNum t,ret(1); 298 if(ops==0)return ret; 299 if(ops==1)return *this; 300 int m=ops,i; 301 while(m>1) { 302 t=*this; 303 for(i=1; (i<<1)<=m; i<<=1) 304 t=t*t; 305 m-=i; 306 ret=ret*t; 307 if(m==1)ret=ret*(*this); 308 } 309 return ret; 310 } 311 #endif 312 313 BigNum C(int N,int K) { 314 BigNum ret(1); 315 for (int i=0; i<K; i++) ret=ret*(N-i); 316 for (int i=1; i<=K; i++) ret=ret/i; 317 return ret; 318 } 319 BigNum f[60]; 320 int main() { 321 f[1]=1; 322 f[2]=1; 323 f[3]=4; 324 f[4]=38; 325 for (int i=5; i<=50; i++) { 326 int pow=i*(i-1)/2; 327 BigNum T=(BigNum)2^pow; 328 for (int j=1; j<i; j++) { 329 BigNum tmp,com; 330 tmp=(BigNum)2^((i-j)*(i-j-1)/2); 331 tmp=tmp*f[j]; 332 com=C(i-1,j-1); 333 tmp=tmp*com; 334 T=T-tmp; 335 } 336 f[i]=T; 337 } 338 int N; 339 while (scanf("%d",&N)!=EOF,N!=0) cout<<f[N]<<endl; 340 return 0; 341 }
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只有不断学习才能进步！