MEF是 Managed Extensibility Framework简称,在计算机的世界什么都会加一个简称,这我们大家已经司空见惯了。从名字我们可以知道它是一个用于管理的可扩展性框架。这是和EL不同的另一种IOC方式;
MEF 为我们提供了一种运行时的扩展,具体应用在对象的实例化。它有目录(AssemblyCatalog)和容器(CompositionContainer)组成,他有输入输出(Exports和Imports)元数据标记,在对象实例化的时候会自动匹配这个契约。
下面是官方的一个展示图:
由CompositionContainer来管理我们的多个可组合部件。
下面我们来一个简单的示例来初步了解MEF:
控制台程序:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;//添加引用
namespace MEFTest
{
public interface ILog
{
void Write(string message);
}
[System.ComponentModel.Composition.Export(typeof(ILog))]
public class ConsoleLog:ILog
{
public void Write(string message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello:"+message);
}
}
class Program
{
[System.ComponentModel.Composition.Import(typeof(ILog))]
public ILog Log;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Program pro = new Program();
pro.Init();
pro.Log.Write("Test");
Console.Read();
}
public void Init()
{
var assem = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();//当前程序集
var assemcat = new System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.AssemblyCatalog(assem);//构建目录
var container = new System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionContainer(assemcat);//构建容器
container.ComposeParts(this);//这是一个System.ComponentModel.Composition.AttributedModelServices 的扩展方法。
}
}
}
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;//添加引用
namespace MEFTest
{
public interface ILog
{
void Write(string message);
}
[System.ComponentModel.Composition.Export(typeof(ILog))]
public class ConsoleLog:ILog
{
public void Write(string message)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello:"+message);
}
}
class Program
{
[System.ComponentModel.Composition.Import(typeof(ILog))]
public ILog Log;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Program pro = new Program();
pro.Init();
pro.Log.Write("Test");
Console.Read();
}
public void Init()
{
var assem = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();//当前程序集
var assemcat = new System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.AssemblyCatalog(assem);//构建目录
var container = new System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionContainer(assemcat);//构建容器
container.ComposeParts(this);//这是一个System.ComponentModel.Composition.AttributedModelServices 的扩展方法。
}
}
}
输出为:
Hello:Test
ExportAttribute 定义如下:

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method | AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field, AllowMultiple = true, Inherited = false)]
public class ExportAttribute : Attribute
{
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ExportAttribute(Type contractType);
public ExportAttribute(string contractName, Type contractType);
public string ContractName { get; }
public Type ContractType { get; }
}
public class ExportAttribute : Attribute
{
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ExportAttribute(Type contractType);
public ExportAttribute(string contractName, Type contractType);
public string ContractName { get; }
public Type ContractType { get; }
}
从他的定义我们可以知道他可以运用于我们的类、方法、属性、字段,并且可以多继承,但是不存在从父类的继承特性。
他有三种不同的标记方式方式.在MEF中这里标记为可以导出,即注入到Import。
ImportAttribute 定义:

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property | AttributeTargets.Field | AttributeTargets.Parameter, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
public class ImportAttribute : Attribute, IAttributedImport
{
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ImportAttribute();
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ImportAttribute(string contractName);
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ImportAttribute(Type contractType);
public ImportAttribute(string contractName, Type contractType);
public bool AllowDefault { get; set; }
public bool AllowRecomposition { get; set; }
public string ContractName { get; }
public Type ContractType { get; }
public CreationPolicy RequiredCreationPolicy { get; set; }
}
public class ImportAttribute : Attribute, IAttributedImport
{
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ImportAttribute();
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ImportAttribute(string contractName);
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
public ImportAttribute(Type contractType);
public ImportAttribute(string contractName, Type contractType);
public bool AllowDefault { get; set; }
public bool AllowRecomposition { get; set; }
public string ContractName { get; }
public Type ContractType { get; }
public CreationPolicy RequiredCreationPolicy { get; set; }
}
同上Export,这里标记为可被Export注入的接口点。
今天就写到这里了,希望大家多多指教,大家一起共同进步。