URI（URN、URL） and IRI

A Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that uses the urn scheme, and does not imply availability of the identified resource. Both URNs (names) and URLs (locators) are URIs, and a particular URI may be a name and a locator at the same time.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a subset of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it. In popular usage and in many technical documents and verbal discussions it is often incorrectly used as a synonym for URI.

注：URN表达了持久性需求；URL表达了可用性（当然也包括可用位置）。URI就是既可以代表持久性，又可以表示可用位置，他包含了URN和URL两部分。

A URN is similar to a person's name, while a URL is like a street address. The URN defines something's identity, while the URL provides a location. Essentially, "what" vs. "where".

URN的格式

"urn:" <NID> ":" <NSS>

where <NID> is the Namespace Identifier, and <NSS> is the Namespace Specific String. Phrases enclosed in quotes are REQUIRED. The leading "urn:" sequence is case-insensitive. The Namespace ID determines the syntactic interpretation of the Namespace Specific String.

 

URI的格式

<scheme name> : <hierarchical part> [ ? <query> ] [ # <fragment> ]

URI的一个例子

  foo://username:password@example.com:8042/over/there/index.dtb;type=animal?name=ferret#nose
  \ /   \________________/\_________/ \__/            \___/ \_/ \_________/ \_________/ \__/
   |           |               |       |                |    |       |           |       |
   |       userinfo         hostname  port              |    |       parameter query  fragment
   |    \_______________________________/ \_____________|____|____________/
scheme                  |                               | |  |
   |                authority                           |path|
   |                                                    |    |
   |            path                       interpretable as filename
   |   ___________|____________                              |
  / \ /                        \                             |
  urn:example:animal:ferret:nose               interpretable as extension

 

URI Scheme

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_scheme#Generic_syntax

the Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI) is a generalization of the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), which is in turn a generalization of the Uniform Resource Locator (URL). While URIs are limited to a subset of the ASCII character set, IRIs may contain characters from the Universal Character Set (Unicode/ISO 10646), including Chinese or Japanese kanji, Korean, Cyrillic characters, and so forth.