MySQL字符集

MySQL字符集的问题

当查看数据是出现乱码该怎么处理？

mysql> select * from book.books limit 5;
+-----+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------+-------+------------+-----------------------+------------+
| bId | bName                                                 | bTypeId | publishing                                                   | price | pubDate    | author                | ISBN       |
+-----+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------+-------+------------+-----------------------+------------+
|   1 | 网站制作直通车                                 | 2       | 电脑爱好者æ‚志社                                     |    34 | 2004-10-01 | 苗壮                | 7505380796 |
|   2 | 黑客与网络安全                                 | 6       | 航空工业出版社                                        |    41 | 2002-07-01 | 白立超             | 7121010925 |
|   3 | 网络程åºä¸Žè®¾è®¡ï¼asp                           | 2       | 北方交通大学出版社                                  |    43 | 2005-02-01 | 王玥                | 75053815x  |
|   4 | pagemaker 7.0短期培训教程                       | 9       | 中国电力出版社                                        |    43 | 2005-01-01 | 孙利英             | 7121008947 |
|   5 | 黑客攻击防范秘笈                              | 6       | 北京腾图电å­å‡ºç‰ˆç¤¾                                  |    44 | 2003-06-29 | 赵雷雨             | 7120000233 |
+-----+-------------------------------------------------------+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------+-------+------------+-----------------------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看mysql数据库服务器和数据库mysql字符集：

mysql> show variables like '%char%';  
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                            |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                             |
| character_set_connection | utf8                             |
| character_set_database   | utf8                             |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                           |
| character_set_results    | utf8                             |
| character_set_server     | utf8                             |
| character_set_system     | utf8                             |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看mysql数据列的字符集：

mysql> show full columns from book.books;
+------------+------------------------------------------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| Field      | Type                                           | Collation         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | Privileges                      | Comment |
+------------+------------------------------------------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
| bId        | int(4)                                         | NULL              | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references |         |
| bName      | varchar(255)                                   | latin1_swedish_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| bTypeId    | enum('1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10') | latin1_swedish_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| publishing | varchar(255)                                   | latin1_swedish_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| price      | int(4)                                         | NULL              | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| pubDate    | date                                           | NULL              | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| author     | varchar(30)                                    | latin1_swedish_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
| ISBN       | varchar(255)                                   | latin1_swedish_ci | YES  |     | NULL    |                | select,insert,update,references |         |
+------------+------------------------------------------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看创建表时的字符集：

mysql> show create table book.books;
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| books | CREATE TABLE `books` (
  `bId` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `bName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `bTypeId` enum('1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','10') DEFAULT NULL,
  `publishing` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `price` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
  `pubDate` date DEFAULT NULL,
  `author` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ISBN` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`bId`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=45 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
数据库默认的字符集和表的字符集不一致，导致数据乱码。

解决办法：

把数据的字符集该为数据库默认的字符集就可以了。

导出表结构：

[root@tiandong ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1 -d book > book2.sql --default-character-set=utf8

导出数据：

[root@tiandong ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --quick --no-create-info --extended-insert --default-character-set=latin1 book > bookdata.sql

修改下面两个文件的字符集

[root@tiandong ~]# ll -trl |tail -n 2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2355 Oct 14 14:03 book2.sql

-rw-r--r--  1 root root  6444 Oct 14 14:12 bookdata.sql

创建一个新库book2，然后把数据导入：

mysql> create database book2;
[root@tiandong ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 book2< book2.sql
[root@tiandong ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 book2< bookdata.sql
然后再次查看：

mysql> select * from books limit 5;
+-----+---------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+------------+
| bId | bName                           | bTypeId | publishing                  | price | pubDate    | author    | ISBN       |
+-----+---------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+------------+
|   1 | 网站制作直通车                  | 2       | 电脑爱好者杂志社            |    34 | 2004-10-01 | 苗壮      | 7505380796 |
|   2 | 黑客与网络安全                  | 6       | 航空工业出版社              |    41 | 2002-07-01 | 白立超    | 7121010925 |
|   3 | 网络程序与设计－asp             | 2       | 北方交通大学出版社          |    43 | 2005-02-01 | 王玥      | 75053815x  |
|   4 | pagemaker 7.0短期培训教程       | 9       | 中国电力出版社              |    43 | 2005-01-01 | 孙利英    | 7121008947 |
|   5 | 黑客攻击防范秘笈                | 6       | 北京腾图电子出版社          |    44 | 2003-06-29 | 赵雷雨    | 7120000233 |
+-----+---------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------+-------+------------+-----------+------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
此时数据护肤正常了。