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  • （二）Struts2 核心知识

    所有的学习我们必须先搭建好Struts2的环境（1、导入对应的jar包，2、web.xml，3、struts.xml）

    第一节：Struts2 get/set 自动获取/设置数据

     action代码：
     1     package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
 4 
 5 public class HelloWorldAction implements Action{
 6 
 7     private String name;
 8     
 9     
10     public String getName() {
11         return name;
12     }
13 
14     public void setName(String name) {
15         this.name = name;
16     }
17 
18 
19     @Override
20     public String execute() throws Exception {
21         System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
22         return SUCCESS;
23     }
24 
25 }
     struts.xml配置：
     1     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="hello" class="com.wishwzp.action.HelloWorldAction">
10           <result name="success">helloWorld.jsp</result>
11       </action>
12   </package>
13 
14 </struts>
    helloWorld.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 ${name }你好！
11 </body>
12 </html>

    url访问：http://localhost:8080/Struts2Chap02/hello?name=Struts2（会自动设置数据，输出出来）

    第二节：ActionSupport 类引入

    extends ActionSupport

    以后我们都使用ActionSupport了，不再去implements Action了

    HelloWorldAction2.java 
     1     package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class HelloWorldAction2 extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11     private String name;
12     
13     
14     public String getName() {
15         return name;
16     }
17 
18     public void setName(String name) {
19         this.name = name;
20     }
21 
22 
23     @Override
24     public String execute() throws Exception {
25         System.out.println("执行了HelloWorldAction2 Action的默认方法");
26         return SUCCESS;
27     }
28 
29 }
     struts.xml
     1     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="hello" class="com.wishwzp.action.HelloWorldAction2">
10           <result name="success">helloWorld.jsp</result>
11       </action>
12   </package>
13 
14 </struts>
     index.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <form action="hello" method="post">
11     name：<input type="text" name="name"/><input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
12 </form>
13 </body>
14 </html>

    第三节：Action 设置数据

    第一种方式：属性驱动(FieldDriven) A、基本数据类型属性 B、JavaBean 类型属性

    第二种方式：模型驱动(ModelDriven)

    A、基本数据类型属性

    基本数据类型属性，我们在"第一节：Struts2 get/set 自动获取/设置数据"中已经涉及过了，就这是基本数据类型属性的学习。

    B、JavaBean 类型属性

     User.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.model;
 2 
 3 public class User {
 4 
 5     private String userName;
 6     private String password;
 7     
 8     public String getUserName() {
 9         return userName;
10     }
11     public void setUserName(String userName) {
12         this.userName = userName;
13     }
14     public String getPassword() {
15         return password;
16     }
17     public void setPassword(String password) {
18         this.password = password;
19     }
20 }
     UserService.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.service;
 2 
 3 import com.wishwzp.model.User;
 4 
 5 public class UserService {
 6 
 7     public boolean login(User user){
 8         if("java".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassword())){
 9             return true;
10         }else{
11             return false;
12         }
13     }
14 }
     UserAction.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 
 4 import com.wishwzp.model.User;
 5 import com.wishwzp.service.UserService;
 6 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 7 
 8 public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
 9 
10     /**
11      * 
12      */
13     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
14     
15     private UserService userService=new UserService();
16     
17     private String userName;
18     private String password;
19     
20     
21 
22     public String getUserName() {
23         return userName;
24     }
25 
26 
27 
28     public void setUserName(String userName) {
29         this.userName = userName;
30     }
31 
32 
33 
34     public String getPassword() {
35         return password;
36     }
37 
38 
39 
40     public void setPassword(String password) {
41         this.password = password;
42     }
43 
44 
45 
46     @Override
47     public String execute() throws Exception {
48         System.out.println("执行了UserAction的默认方法");
49         User user=new User();
50         user.setUserName(userName);
51         user.setPassword(password);
52         if(userService.login(user)){
53             return SUCCESS;
54         }else{
55             return ERROR;
56         }
57     }
58 
59 }
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="user" class="com.wishwzp.action.UserAction">
10           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
11           <result name="error">error.jsp</result>
12       </action>
13  
14   </package>
15 
16 </struts>
     login.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <form action="user" method="post">
11     用户名：<input type="text" name="userName"/>
12     密码：<input type="text" name="password"/>
13     <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
14 </form>
15 </body>
16 </html>
     success.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 登录成功！
11 </body>
12 </html>
     error.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 登录失败！
11 </body>
12 </html>
    我们还可以在进行优化一下：
     login2.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <form action="user2" method="post">
11     用户名：<input type="text" name="user.userName"/>
12     密码：<input type="text" name="user.password"/>
13     <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
14 </form>
15 </body>
16 </html>
     UserAction2.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 
 4 import com.wishwzp.model.User;
 5 import com.wishwzp.service.UserService;
 6 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 7 
 8 public class UserAction2 extends ActionSupport{
 9 
10     /**
11      * 
12      */
13     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
14     
15     private UserService userService=new UserService();
16     
17     private User user;
18     
19 
20     public User getUser() {
21         return user;
22     }
23 
24     public void setUser(User user) {
25         this.user = user;
26     }
27 
28 
29 
30     @Override
31     public String execute() throws Exception {
32         System.out.println("执行了UserAction的默认方法");
33         if(userService.login(user)){
34             return SUCCESS;
35         }else{
36             return ERROR;
37         }
38     }
39 
40 }
     User.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.model;
 2 
 3 public class User {
 4 
 5     private String userName;
 6     private String password;
 7     
 8     public String getUserName() {
 9         return userName;
10     }
11     public void setUserName(String userName) {
12         this.userName = userName;
13     }
14     public String getPassword() {
15         return password;
16     }
17     public void setPassword(String password) {
18         this.password = password;
19     }
20 }
     UserService.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.service;
 2 
 3 import com.wishwzp.model.User;
 4 
 5 public class UserService {
 6 
 7     public boolean login(User user){
 8         if("java".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassword())){
 9             return true;
10         }else{
11             return false;
12         }
13     }
14 }
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9       
10       <action name="user2" class="com.wishwzp.action.UserAction2">
11           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
12           <result name="error">error.jsp</result>
13       </action>
14 
15   </package>
16 
17 </struts>
     error.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 登录失败！
11 </body>
12 </html>
     success.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 登录成功！
11 </body>
12 </html>

    模型驱动(ModelDriven)

     login3.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <form action="user3" method="post">
11     用户名：<input type="text" name="userName"/>
12     密码：<input type="text" name="password"/>
13     <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
14 </form>
15 </body>
16 </html>
     error.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 登录失败！
11 </body>
12 </html>
     success.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 登录成功！
11 </body>
12 </html>
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 
 4 import com.wishwzp.model.User;
 5 import com.wishwzp.service.UserService;
 6 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 7 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
 8 
 9 public class UserAction3 extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User>{
10 
11     /**
12      * 
13      */
14     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
15     
16     private UserService userService=new UserService();
17     
18     private User user=new User();
19     
20     @Override
21     public String execute() throws Exception {
22         System.out.println("执行了UserAction3的默认方法");
23         if(userService.login(user)){
24             return SUCCESS;
25         }else{
26             return ERROR;
27         }
28     }
29 
30     @Override
31     public User getModel() {
32         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
33         return user;
34     }
35 
36 }
     1 package com.wishwzp.model;
 2 
 3 public class User {
 4 
 5     private String userName;
 6     private String password;
 7     
 8     public String getUserName() {
 9         return userName;
10     }
11     public void setUserName(String userName) {
12         this.userName = userName;
13     }
14     public String getPassword() {
15         return password;
16     }
17     public void setPassword(String password) {
18         this.password = password;
19     }
20 }
     1 package com.wishwzp.service;
 2 
 3 import com.wishwzp.model.User;
 4 
 5 public class UserService {
 6 
 7     public boolean login(User user){
 8         if("java".equals(user.getUserName())&&"123".equals(user.getPassword())){
 9             return true;
10         }else{
11             return false;
12         }
13     }
14 }
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9       
10       <action name="user3" class="com.wishwzp.action.UserAction3">
11           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
12           <result name="error">error.jsp</result>
13       </action>
14 
15   </package>
16 
17 </struts>

    第四节：Struts2 处理传入多个值

    　　1，处理数目不定的字符串；
    　　2，处理数目不定的JavaBean 对象；

    1，处理数目不定的字符串:

     hobby.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <form action="hobby" method="post">
11     爱好：
12     <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="唱歌"/>唱歌
13     <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="跳舞"/>跳舞
14     <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="睡觉"/>睡觉
15     <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="玩CF"/>玩CF
16     <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
17 </form>
18 </body>
19 </html>
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8  <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="hobby" class="com.wishwzp.action.HobbyAction">
10           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
11       </action>
12 
13 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
 4 
 5 public class HobbyAction implements Action{
 6 
 7     private String[] hobby;
 8 
 9     
10     public String[] getHobby() {
11         return hobby;
12     }
13 
14     public void setHobby(String[] hobby) {
15         this.hobby = hobby;
16     }
17 
18 
19     @Override
20     public String execute() throws Exception {
21         System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
22         if(hobby!=null){
23             for(String h:hobby){
24                 System.out.println(h);
25             }
26         }
27         return SUCCESS;
28     }
29 
30 }
    HobbyAction.java
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!
11 </body>
12 </html>
    success.jsp

    2，处理数目不定的JavaBean 对象:

     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <form action="student" method="post">
11     <table>
12         <tr>
13             <th>姓名</th>
14             <th>性别</th>
15             <th>年龄</th>
16         </tr>
17         <tr>
18             <td><input type="text" name="students[0].name"/></td>
19             <td><input type="text" name="students[0].sex"/></td>
20             <td><input type="text" name="students[0].age"/></td>
21         </tr>
22         <tr>
23             <td><input type="text" name="students[1].name"/></td>
24             <td><input type="text" name="students[1].sex"/></td>
25             <td><input type="text" name="students[1].age"/></td>
26         </tr>
27         <tr>
28             <td colspan="3">
29                 <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
30             </td>
31         </tr>
32     </table>
33 </form>
34 </body>
35 </html>
    addstudents.jsp
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8  <package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
 9   
10    <action name="student" class="com.wishwzp.action.StudentAction">
11           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
12       </action>
13   </package>
14 
15 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 
 5 import com.wishwzp.model.Student;
 6 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Action;
 7 
 8 public class StudentAction implements Action{
 9 
10     private List<Student> students;
11     
12     public List<Student> getStudents() {
13         return students;
14     }
15 
16     public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
17         this.students = students;
18     }
19 
20 
21     @Override
22     public String execute() throws Exception {
23         System.out.println("执行了Action的默认方法");
24         for(Student s:students){
25             System.out.println(s);
26         }
27         return SUCCESS;
28     }
29 
30 }
    StudentAction.java
     1 package com.wishwzp.model;
 2 
 3 public class Student {
 4 
 5     private String name;
 6     private String sex;
 7     private int age;
 8     
 9     public String getName() {
10         return name;
11     }
12     public void setName(String name) {
13         this.name = name;
14     }
15     public String getSex() {
16         return sex;
17     }
18     public void setSex(String sex) {
19         this.sex = sex;
20     }
21     public int getAge() {
22         return age;
23     }
24     public void setAge(int age) {
25         this.age = age;
26     }
27     @Override
28     public String toString() {
29         return "Student [name=" + name + ", sex=" + sex + ", age=" + age + "]";
30     }
31 
32     
33     
34 }
    Student.java
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!
11 </body>
12 </html>
    success.jsp

    第五节：struts.xml 配置

    一，pageckage 配置
    　　　　name 包名（用来区分模块化的）
    　　　　extends 继承
    　　　　namespace 包命名空间（包命名空间命名后必须在前面加上命名，如下面访问的URL：http://localhost:8080/Struts2Chap02_03/fore/studentList

    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　或http://localhost:8080/Struts2Chap02_03/back/studentList）
    　　　　abstract 抽象包
    二，action 配置
    　　　　name action 名
    　　　　class 处理类
    　　　　method 方法（区分执行哪个方法的，默认情况下的话是execute()-----------像下面的例子中

    　　　　　　　　　　　　<package name="background" namespace="/back" extends="struts-default">
    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　<action name="studentList" class="com.wishwzp.action.BackStudent" method="show">
    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　<result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　</action>

    　　　　　　　　　　　　</package>

    　　　　　　　　　　　　　　这里我们执行的方法就是show()方法了

    　　　　　　　　　　　　）

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="foreground" namespace="/fore" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="studentList" class="com.wishwzp.action.ForeStudent">
10           <result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
11       </action>
12   
13   </package>
14   
15   <package name="background" namespace="/back" extends="struts-default">
16       <action name="studentList" class="com.wishwzp.action.BackStudent" method="show">
17           <result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
18       </action>
19   
20   </package>
21   
22   
23   <!-- abstract抽象包，用来过滤一些关键字的 -->
24   <package name="infoFilter" abstract="true"></package>
25 
26 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class BackStudent extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11 
12     @Override
13     public String execute() throws Exception {
14         System.out.println("执行了BackStudent Action的默认方法");
15         return SUCCESS;
16     }
17     
18     public String show()throws Exception{
19         System.out.println("执行了 BackStudent show方法");
20         return SUCCESS;
21     }
22 
23 }
    BackStudent.java
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class ForeStudent extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11 
12     @Override
13     public String execute() throws Exception {
14         System.out.println("执行了ForeStudent Action的默认方法");
15         return SUCCESS;
16     }
17 
18 }
    ForeStudent.java
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!
11 </body>
12 </html>
    success.jsp


    三，分模块配置方法
    　　<include file="" ></include>

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <include file="cheliang.xml"></include>
 9   <include file="zichan.xml"></include>
10 
11 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="cheliang" namespace="/cheliang" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="cheliang" class="com.wishwzp.action.CheLiangAction">
10           <result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
11       </action>
12   
13   </package>
14 
15 </struts>
    cheliang.xml
     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <package name="zichan" namespace="/zichan" extends="struts-default">
 9       <action name="zichan" class="com.wishwzp.action.ZiChanAction">
10           <result name="success">${pageContext.request.contextPath}/success.jsp</result>
11       </action>
12   
13   </package>
14 
15 </struts>
    zichan.xml
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class CheLiangAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11 
12     @Override
13     public String execute() throws Exception {
14         System.out.println("执行了CheLiangAction Action的默认方法");
15         return SUCCESS;
16     }
17     
18 
19 
20 }
    CheLiangAction.java
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class ZiChanAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11 
12     @Override
13     public String execute() throws Exception {
14         System.out.println("执行了ZiChanAction Action的默认方法");
15         return SUCCESS;
16     }
17 
18 }
    ZiChanAction.java
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!
11 </body>
12 </html>
    success.jsp

    四，使用通配符

     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class GradeAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     private String name;
 8     
 9     
10     public String getName() {
11         return name;
12     }
13 
14     public void setName(String name) {
15         this.name = name;
16     }
17 
18 
19     public String list()throws Exception{
20         System.out.println("班级查找");
21         name="班级查找";
22         return SUCCESS;
23     }
24     
25     public String add()throws Exception{
26         System.out.println("班级添加");
27         name="班级添加";
28         return SUCCESS;
29     }
30     
31     public String update()throws Exception{
32         System.out.println("班级修改");
33         name="班级修改";
34         return SUCCESS;
35     }
36     
37     public String delete()throws Exception{
38         System.out.println("班级删除");
39         name="班级删除";
40         return SUCCESS;
41     }
42 
43     
44 }
    GradeAction.java
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class StudentAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     private String name;
 8     
 9     
10     
11     public String getName() {
12         return name;
13     }
14 
15 
16 
17     public void setName(String name) {
18         this.name = name;
19     }
20 
21 
22 
23     public String list()throws Exception{
24         System.out.println("学生查找");
25         name="学生查找";
26         return SUCCESS;
27     }
28     
29     public String add()throws Exception{
30         System.out.println("学生添加");
31         name="学生添加";
32         return SUCCESS;
33     }
34     
35     public String update()throws Exception{
36         System.out.println("学生修改");
37         name="学生修改";
38         return SUCCESS;
39     }
40     
41     public String delete()throws Exception{
42         System.out.println("学生删除");
43         name="学生删除";
44         return SUCCESS;
45     }
46 
47     
48 }
    StudentAction.java
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
    
  <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
  
  <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
      
            <!-- 这里我们使用的单个去匹配 -->
      <!-- <action name="student_*" class="com.wishwzp.action.StudentAction" method="{1}">
          <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
      </action>
      
      <action name="grade_*" class="com.wishwzp.action.GradeAction" method="{1}">
          <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
      </action> -->
      
            <!-- 这里我们使用两个*号来匹配 -->
       <action name="*_*" class="com.wishwzp.action.{1}Action" method="{2}">
          <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
      </action> 
      
  
  </package>

</struts>        
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <h1>通配符</h1>
11 <a href="Student_list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>&nbsp;
12 <a href="Student_add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>&nbsp;
13 <a href="Student_update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>&nbsp;
14 <a href="Student_delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>&nbsp;
15 <br/><br/>
16 <a href="Grade_list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>&nbsp;
17 <a href="Grade_add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>&nbsp;
18 <a href="Grade_update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>&nbsp;
19 <a href="Grade_delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a>&nbsp;<br/>
20 </body>
21 </html>
    index.jsp
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!${name }
11 </body>
12 </html>
    success.jsp

    第六节：动态方法调用

    　　　　在struts.xml中

    　　　　开启动态方法调用：<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
 9   
10   <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
11       
12       <action name="student" class="com.wishwzp.action.StudentAction">
13           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
14       </action>
15       
16       <action name="grade" class="com.wishwzp.action.GradeAction">
17           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
18       </action>
19   
20   </package>
21 
22 </struts>
    struts.xml
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class GradeAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     private String name;
 8     
 9     
10     public String getName() {
11         return name;
12     }
13 
14     public void setName(String name) {
15         this.name = name;
16     }
17 
18 
19     public String list()throws Exception{
20         System.out.println("班级查找");
21         name="班级查找";
22         return SUCCESS;
23     }
24     
25     public String add()throws Exception{
26         System.out.println("班级添加");
27         name="班级添加";
28         return SUCCESS;
29     }
30     
31     public String update()throws Exception{
32         System.out.println("班级修改");
33         name="班级修改";
34         return SUCCESS;
35     }
36     
37     public String delete()throws Exception{
38         System.out.println("班级删除");
39         name="班级删除";
40         return SUCCESS;
41     }
42 
43     
44 }
    GradeAction.java
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class StudentAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     private String name;
 8     
 9     
10     
11     public String getName() {
12         return name;
13     }
14 
15 
16 
17     public void setName(String name) {
18         this.name = name;
19     }
20 
21 
22 
23     public String list()throws Exception{
24         System.out.println("学生查找");
25         name="学生查找";
26         return SUCCESS;
27     }
28     
29     public String add()throws Exception{
30         System.out.println("学生添加");
31         name="学生添加";
32         return SUCCESS;
33     }
34     
35     public String update()throws Exception{
36         System.out.println("学生修改");
37         name="学生修改";
38         return SUCCESS;
39     }
40     
41     public String delete()throws Exception{
42         System.out.println("学生删除");
43         name="学生删除";
44         return SUCCESS;
45     }
46 
47     
48 }
    StudentAction.java
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <h1>动态方法调用</h1>
11 <a href="student!list" target="_blank">学生信息查询</a>&nbsp;
12 <a href="student!add" target="_blank">学生信息添加</a>&nbsp;
13 <a href="student!update" target="_blank">学生信息修改</a>&nbsp;
14 <a href="student!delete" target="_blank">学生信息删除</a>&nbsp;
15 <br/><br/>
16 <a href="grade!list" target="_blank">班级信息查询</a>&nbsp;
17 <a href="grade!add" target="_blank">班级信息添加</a>&nbsp;
18 <a href="grade!update" target="_blank">班级信息修改</a>&nbsp;
19 <a href="grade!delete" target="_blank">班级信息删除</a>&nbsp;<br/>
20 </body>
21 </html>
    index.jsp
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!${name }
11 </body>
12 </html>
    success.jsp

    第七节：Action 生命周期

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   
 9   <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
10       
11       <action name="hello" class="com.wishwzp.action.HelloAction">
12           <result name="success">success.jsp</result>
13       </action>
14   </package>
15 
16 </struts>
     1 package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11 
12     public HelloAction() {
13         System.out.println(this);
14     }
15 
16     @Override
17     public String execute() throws Exception {
18         // TODO Auto-generated method stub
19         return SUCCESS;
20     }
21 }
     1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Ok!
11 </body>
12 </html>
    url地址：http://localhost:8080/项目名/hello

    我们首先去寻找struts.xml里面的action等于hello的，然后看是哪个class类，进入对应的class类，默认情况下会先执行对应的构造方法，然后去执行execute()的方法，在execute()方法中最后返回SUCCESS，

    再去struts.xml文件找对应的result的SUCCESS，最后跳转到对应的页面中去。

    第八节：result 配置

    　　1，type 默认是dispatcher 内部转发；
    　　2，type 为redirect 重定向；
    　　3，type 为chain 链条；
    　　4，type 为redirectAction 重定向到action；
    　　上面4 个常用，一定要掌握；
    　　　　　　其他　　　　freemarker freemarker 模版
    　　　　　　　　　　　　httpheader 返回一个已配置好的HTTP 头信息响应
    　　　　　　　　　　　　stream 将原始数据作为流传递回浏览器端，
    　　　　　　　　　　　　velocity 呈现Velocity 模板
    　　　　　　　　　　　　xslt 该XML 可以通过XSL 模板进行转换
    　　　　　　　　　　  　plaintext 返回普通文本类容
    result 全局配置

     index.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 <a href="hello?name=Struts2" target="_blank">默认转发_dispatcher</a><br/><!-- 会带数据 -->
11 <a href="hello!r?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向_redirect</a><br/><!-- 不会带数据 --><!-- 这里有一个“!”是使用了动态方法调用 -->
12 <a href="hello!c?name=Struts2" target="_blank">链条_chain</a><br/><!-- 会到另一个action，同时会将之前的数据也带过来 -->
13 <a href="hello!ra?name=Struts2" target="_blank">重定向到Action_redirectAction</a><br/><!-- 会到另一个action，但不会将之前的数据带过来 -->
14 
15 <a href="hello" target="_blank">全局result配置</a><br/><!-- 没有的话就在全局定义一个错误的输出跳转 -->
16 </body>
17 </html>
     struts.xml
     1     <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
 3     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
 4     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
 5 
 6 <struts>
 7     
 8   <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" /><!-- 动态方法调用 -->
 9   
10   <package name="manage" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
11       <global-results>
12           <result name="error">error.jsp</result><!-- 全局错误信息 -->
13       </global-results>
14       
15       <action name="hello" class="com.wishwzp.action.HelloAction">
16           <result name="success" type="dispatcher">success.jsp</result>
17           <result name="r" type="redirect">success.jsp</result>
18           <result name="c" type="chain">hello2</result>
19           <result name="ra" type="redirectAction">hello2</result>
20       </action>
21       
22       <action name="hello2" class="com.wishwzp.action.HelloAction2">
23           <result name="success" type="dispatcher">success.jsp</result>
24       </action>
25   </package>
26 
27 </struts>
     HelloAction.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class HelloAction extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11     
12     private String name;
13     private String error;
14     
15     
16 
17     public String getName() {
18         return name;
19     }
20 
21     public void setName(String name) {
22         this.name = name;
23     }
24 
25     
26 
27     public String getError() {
28         return error;
29     }
30 
31     public void setError(String error) {
32         this.error = error;
33     }
34 
35     @Override
36     public String execute() throws Exception {
37         if(name==null || "".equals(name)){
38             this.error="name是空";
39             return ERROR;
40         }
41         return SUCCESS;
42     }
43     
44     
45     public String r()throws Exception{
46         return "r";
47     }
48     
49     public String c()throws Exception{
50         return "c";
51     }
52 
53     public String ra()throws Exception{
54         return "ra";
55     }
56     
57     
58     
59 }
     HelloAction2.java
     1     package com.wishwzp.action;
 2 
 3 import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 4 
 5 public class HelloAction2 extends ActionSupport{
 6 
 7     /**
 8      * 
 9      */
10     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
11     
12     private String name2;
13 
14     public String getName2() {
15         return name2;
16     }
17 
18 
19     public void setName2(String name2) {
20         this.name2 = name2;
21     }
22 
23 
24     @Override
25     public String execute() throws Exception {
26         this.name2="你好啊";
27         return SUCCESS;
28     }
29     
30     
31 }
     error.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 错误信息：${error }
11 </body>
12 </html>
     success.jsp
     1     <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10 Name:${name }<br/>
11 Name2:${name2 }
12 </body>
13 </html>
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/wishwzp/p/5468138.html
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