多线程、多进程、协程、IO多路复用请求百度

最近学习了多线程、多进程、协程以及IO多路复用，那么对于爬取数据来说，这几个方式哪个最快呢，今天就来稍微测试一下

普通方式请求百度5次

import socket
import time
import socks 

socks.set_default_proxy(socks.HTTP,addr='192.168.105.71',port=80) #设置socks代理
socket.socket = socks.socksocket  # 把代理应用到socket
def blocking(wd):
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.connect(('www.baidu.com',80)) # 连接百度
    request = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0
Host:www.baidu.com

'.format('/s?wd={}'.format(wd)) # 构造http请求头
    response = b''  # 用于接收数据
    sock.send(request.encode())  # 发送http请求
    chunk = sock.recv(1024)  # 一次接收1024字节数据
    while chunk:  # 循环接收数据，若没有数据了说明已接收完
        response += chunk  # 字符串拼接
        chunk = sock.recv(1024)
    # print(response.decode())
    return response

def blocking_way():
    search_list = ['python', 'java', 'C++', 'Ruby', 'Go']
    for item in search_list:
        blocking(item)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    blocking_way()
    print('请求5次百度总耗时:{}'.format(round(time.time()-start_time,2)))

多次执行结果：

请求5次百度总耗时:4.24秒

多线程版本

import socket
import time
import socks 
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool

socks.set_default_proxy(socks.HTTP,addr='192.168.105.71',port=80) #设置socks代理
socket.socket = socks.socksocket  # 把代理应用到socket
def blocking(wd):
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.connect(('www.baidu.com',80)) # 连接百度
    request = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0
Host:www.baidu.com

'.format('/s?wd={}'.format(wd)) # 构造http请求头
    response = b''  # 用于接收数据
    sock.send(request.encode())  # 发送http请求
    chunk = sock.recv(1024)  # 一次接收1024字节数据
    while chunk:  # 循环接收数据，若没有数据了说明已接收完
        response += chunk  # 字符串拼接
        chunk = sock.recv(1024)
    # print(response.decode())
    return response

def blocking_way():
    #多线程
    pool = ThreadPool(5) #实例线程池，开启5个线程
    search_list = ['python','java','C++','Ruby','Go']
    for i in search_list:
        pool.apply_async(blocking,args=(i,)) # 提交任务到线程池
    pool.close() #线程池不再接收任务
    pool.join() #等待任务执行完

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    blocking_way()
    print('请求5次百度总耗时:{}'.format(round(time.time()-start_time,2)))

多次执行结果：

请求5次百度总耗时:1.0秒

多进程版本

import socket
import time
import socks 
from multiprocessing import Pool

socks.set_default_proxy(socks.HTTP,addr='192.168.105.71',port=80) #设置socks代理
socket.socket = socks.socksocket  # 把代理应用到socket
def blocking(wd):
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.connect(('www.baidu.com',80)) # 连接百度
    request = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0
Host:www.baidu.com

'.format('/s?wd={}'.format(wd)) # 构造http请求头
    response = b''  # 用于接收数据
    sock.send(request.encode())  # 发送http请求
    chunk = sock.recv(1024)  # 一次接收1024字节数据
    while chunk:  # 循环接收数据，若没有数据了说明已接收完
        response += chunk  # 字符串拼接
        chunk = sock.recv(1024)
    # print(response.decode())
    return response

def blocking_way():
    #多进程
    pool = Pool(5)
    search_list = ['python','java','C++','Ruby','Go']
    for i in search_list:
        pool.apply_async(blocking,args=(i,))
    pool.close()
    pool.join()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    blocking_way()
    print('请求5次百度总耗时:{}'.format(round(time.time()-start_time,2)))

多次执行结果：

请求5次百度总耗时:1.52秒

协程版本

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_socket()
import socket
import time
import socks 
import gevent

socks.set_default_proxy(socks.HTTP,addr='192.168.105.71',port=80) #设置socks代理
socket.socket = socks.socksocket  # 把代理应用到socket
def blocking(wd):
    sock = socket.socket()
    sock.connect(('www.baidu.com',80)) # 连接百度
    request = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0
Host:www.baidu.com

'.format('/s?wd={}'.format(wd)) # 构造http请求头
    response = b''  # 用于接收数据
    sock.send(request.encode())  # 发送http请求
    chunk = sock.recv(1024)  # 一次接收1024字节数据
    while chunk:  # 循环接收数据，若没有数据了说明已接收完
        response += chunk  # 字符串拼接
        chunk = sock.recv(1024)
    # print(response.decode())
    return response

def blocking_way():
    search_list = ['python', 'java', 'C++', 'Ruby', 'Go']
    tasks = [gevent.spawn(blocking,i) for i in search_list]
    gevent.joinall(tasks)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    blocking_way()
    print('请求5次百度总耗时:{}'.format(round(time.time()-start_time,2)))

多次执行结果：

请求5次百度总耗时:1.02秒

IO多路复用版本

import socks
import time
import socket
import selectors
socks.set_default_proxy(socks.HTTP,addr='192.168.105.71',port=80)  # 设置socks代理
socket.socket = socks.socksocket  # 把代理应用到socket

selector = selectors.DefaultSelector()  # 事件选择器
flag = True  # 事件循环的标志
times = 5  # 用于计数，每请求一次百度，就减1，若为0，说明已请求5次，此时结束事件循环

class Crawler():
    def __init__(self,wd):
        self.response = b'' # 用于接收数据
        self.wd = wd # 搜索内容

    def fetch(self):
        '''创建客户端套接字，连接百度，定义好如果连接成功应该调用什么函数'''
        client = socket.socket()
        client.setblocking(False)
        try:
            client.connect(('www.baidu.com',80))  #此处需要注册事件监控
        except BlockingIOError:
            pass
        selector.register(client,selectors.EVENT_WRITE,self.send_request)

    def send_request(self,client):
        '''连接成功后发送请求到百度，并注册事件：收到百度应答应该做什么'''
        selector.unregister(client) # 把原先监控的事件取消，方便后面监控其他事件
        request = 'GET {} HTTP/1.0
Host:www.baidu.com

'.format('/s?wd={}'.format(self.wd))  # 构造http请求头
        client.send(request.encode())
        selector.register(client,selectors.EVENT_READ,self.get_response) #此处注册事件，若百度响应，调用get_response

    def get_response(self,client):
        '''若有数据发过来，就接收，每次发数据过来，都会触发，所以不用while循环'''
        global flag
        global times
        data = client.recv(1024) # 每次接收的数据不超过1024字节，若大于1024，分批传输
        if data:
            self.response += data # 字符串拼接
        else:  # 数据接收完
            # print(self.response.decode())
            client.close()
            selector.unregister(client)
            times -= 1 # 每次请求的响应接收完后，计数器减一
            if times == 0: # 5次请求完后，结束事件监控循环
                flag = False
def loop():
    '''事件监控循环'''
    while flag:
        events = selector.select()
        for key,mask in events:
            callback = key.data
            callback(key.fileobj)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_time = time.time()
    search_list = ['python', 'java', 'C++', 'Ruby', 'Go']
    for item in search_list:
        crawler = Crawler(item)
        crawler.fetch()
    loop()
    print('请求5次百度耗时:{}'.format(round(time.time()-start_time,2)))

多次执行结果：

请求5次百度耗时:1.17秒

大家可以把请求数调多一些多试几次！

基本上协程和多线程耗时较短，更适用于爬虫。