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  • 从源码看java中Integer的缓存问题

    在开始详细的说明问题之前,我们先看一段代码

    1 public static void compare1(){
    2         Integer i1 = 127, i2 = 127, i3 = 128, i4 = 128;
    3         System.out.println(i1  == i2);
    4         System.out.println(i1.equals(i2));
    5         System.out.println(i3  == i4);
    6         System.out.println(i3.equals(i4));
    7     }

    这段代码输出的结果是什么呢?

    答案是:

    是不是感到奇怪呢?为什么127的时候==是true,128的时候就变成了false?其实要回答这个问题不难。

    Integer在赋值的时候会发生自动装箱操作,调用Integer的valueOf方法,那么我们看一下java的源码(1.8):

     1 /**
     2      * Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
     3      * {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
     4      * required, this method should generally be used in preference to
     5      * the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
     6      * to yield significantly better space and time performance by
     7      * caching frequently requested values.
     8      *
     9      * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
    10      * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
    11      *
    12      * @param  i an {@code int} value.
    13      * @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
    14      * @since  1.5
    15      */
    16     public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
    17         if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
    18             return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
    19         return new Integer(i);
    20     }

    这里根据源码可以看出,在传入的i值在IntegerCache.low和IntegerCache.high之间的时候,会返回IntegerCache.cache数组里面的数,不在这个范围才会new一个Integer对象。接下来我们看一下IntegerCache数组的初始化情况:

     1 /**
     2      * Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
     3      * -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
     4      *
     5      * The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
     6      * may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
     7      * During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
     8      * may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
     9      * sun.misc.VM class.
    10      */
    11 
    12     private static class IntegerCache {
    13         static final int low = -128;
    14         static final int high;
    15         static final Integer cache[];
    16 
    17         static {
    18             // high value may be configured by property
    19             int h = 127;
    20             String integerCacheHighPropValue =
    21                 sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
    22             if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
    23                 try {
    24                     int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
    25                     i = Math.max(i, 127);
    26                     // Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
    27                     h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
    28                 } catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
    29                     // If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
    30                 }
    31             }
    32             high = h;
    33 
    34             cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
    35             int j = low;
    36             for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
    37                 cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
    38 
    39             // range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
    40             assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
    41         }
    42 
    43         private IntegerCache() {}
    44     }

    我们看到IntegerCache的low定义为-128,high默认定义为127.但是high是可以配置的,如果没有配置才是127.我们不去看配置的情况,因为java默认是没有配置的。看一下cache数组,长度为high-low+1,从-128开始到127,存在cache数组内。

    从上面的代码中可以看出,java在申请一个大于-128小于127的数时,其实是从cache中直接取出来用的,如果不在这个范围则是new了一个Integer对象。

    对于==,他比较的是地址。对于int来说比较的是值。

    对于equals,比较的是内容(要看equals的具体实现)。看一下Integer里面的实现:

     1 /**
     2      * Compares this object to the specified object.  The result is
     3      * {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
     4      * {@code null} and is an {@code Integer} object that
     5      * contains the same {@code int} value as this object.
     6      *
     7      * @param   obj   the object to compare with.
     8      * @return  {@code true} if the objects are the same;
     9      *          {@code false} otherwise.
    10      */
    11     public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    12         if (obj instanceof Integer) {
    13             return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();
    14         }
    15         return false;
    16     }

    它比较的确实是值的大小。

    因此i1==i2和i1.equals(i2)都是true

    i3==i4为false

    i3.equals(i4)为true。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/worsun/p/5833390.html
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