安装
mysql
sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client
mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
mariadb
apt-get install mariadb-server
字符集修改utf8
如果装的mariadb, 默认字符集已经是utf8了。mysql则不是
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
mysql> show variables like 'collation%';
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
修改字符集：
sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
添加以下内容
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci
init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8
重启：
service mysql restart
登录权限问题
Ubuntu18.04 安装mysql或者mariadb之后，发现普通用户和远程都没有权限连接。
ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using
password: YES)
修改了密码也不对。然后sudo mysql -u root即可登录。这显然不是我们想要的。
解决方案
删除root，重新创建用户。
首先，登录
sudo mysql -u root
然后查看当前用户
SELECT User,Host FROM mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+
| User | Host |
+------------------+-----------+
| admin | localhost |
| debian-sys-maint | localhost |
| magento_user | localhost |
| mysql.sys | localhost |
| root | localhost |
删除root账号
mysql> DROP USER 'root'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)
重新创建root：
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)
授权
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,01 sec)
关于重置密码
host为%时允许远程登录
SET PASSWORD FOR root@'localhost' = PASSWORD('password');
or
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('newpwd') WHERE User='root';
or
USE mysql
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
WHERE Host = 'localhost' AND User = 'root';
允许任何地方登录
USE mysql
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
WHERE Host = '%' AND User = 'root';