EyeQ进展The Evolution of EyeQ
Mobileye’s proven leadership in ADAS technologies is based in our EyeQ® family system-on-chip (SoC) devices. More than 27 car manufacturers have chosen the EyeQ for their assisted-driving technologies based on its ability to support complex and computationally intense vision processing, while maintaining low power consumption.
Mobileye’s latest fifth-generation EyeQ is able to support fully-autonomous (Level 5) vehicles.
Mobileye在在ADAS技术成熟的领导地位是基于EyeQ ® 系列系统级芯片（SoC）器件。超过27家汽车制造商选择了EyeQ作为辅助驾驶技术的基础，具有支持复杂且计算强度大的视觉处理能力，同时又保持了低功耗。
Mobileye的最新第五代EyeQ能够支持全自动（Level 5）车辆。
Mobileye has been able to achieve the power-performance-cost targets by employing proprietary computation cores (known as accelerators), which are optimized for a wide variety of computer-vision, signal-processing, and machine-learning tasks, including deep neural networks. These accelerator cores have been designed specifically to address the needs of the ADAS and autonomous-driving markets. Each EyeQ chip features heterogeneous, fully programmable accelerators; with each accelerator type optimized for its own family of algorithms. This diversity of accelerator architectures enables applications to save both computation time and chip power by using the most suitable core for every task. Optimizing the assignment of tasks to cores thus ensures that the EyeQ provides “super-computer” capabilities within a low-power envelope to enable price-efficient passive cooling.
通过使用专有的计算核心（称为加速器），Mobileye能够实现功率性能成本的目标，这些核心针对各种计算机视觉，信号处理和机器学习任务（包括深度神经网络）进行了优化。这些加速器内核是专门为满足ADAS和自动驾驶市场的需求而设计的。每个EyeQ芯片均具有异构的，完全可编程的加速器。每种加速器类型都针对算法系列进行了优化。加速器体系结构的多样性，使应用程序可以通过对每个任务使用最合适的内核来节省计算时间和芯片功耗。
The fully programmable accelerator cores are as follows:
- The Vector Microcode Processors (VMP), which debuted in the EyeQ2, are now in their 4th generation of implementation in the EyeQ5, and are designed in most advanced VLSI process technology nodes – down to 7nm FinFET in the 5th generation. The VMP, a VLIW SIMD processor with cheap and flexible memory access, provides hardware support for operations common to computer vision applications and is well-suited to multi-core scenarios. Its computational power targets 24 trillion operations per second, while drawing only 10 watts in a typical application.
- The Multithreaded Processing Cluster (MPC) was introduced in the EyeQ4 and now reaches its 2nd generation of implementation in the EyeQ5. The MPC is more versatile than any GPU and more efficient than any CPU.
- The Programmable Macro Array (PMA) was introduced in the EyeQ4 and now reaches its 2nd generation of implementation in the EyeQ5. The PMA enables computation density nearing that of fixed-function hardware accelerators without sacrificing programmability.
In addition to Mobileye’s innovative and well-proven computer vision accelerators, the EyeQ features generic multithread CPU cores to provide the complete and robust computing platform that ADAS/AV applications demand.
完全可编程的加速器内核如下：
- 在EyeQ2中首次亮相的矢量微码处理器（VMP），已经在EyeQ5中实现了其第四代实现，并在最先进的VLSI处理技术节点中进行了设计-第五代中的最小7nm FinFET。VMP是一种VLIW SIMD处理器，具有廉价，灵活的内存访问功能，为计算机视觉应用程序常见的操作提供硬件支持，非常适合于多核方案。计算能力目标为每秒24万亿次操作，而在典型应用中仅消耗10瓦。
- EyeQ4中引入了多线程处理集群（MPC），现在在EyeQ5中实现了其第二代实现。MPC比任何GPU都更通用，比任何CPU都更高效。
- 可编程宏阵列（PMA）是在EyeQ4中引入的，现已在EyeQ5中达到其第二代实现。PMA使计算密度接近固定功能硬件加速器的计算密度，而不会牺牲可编程性。
除了Mobileye的创新和久经考验的计算机视觉加速器外，EyeQ还具有通用的多线程CPU内核，可提供ADAS / AV应用程序所需的完整而强大的计算平台。
Mobileye has a long-standing cooperation with STMicroelectronics (STM) for implementation of the EyeQ devices Leveraging its substantial experience in automotive-grade designs, STM provides support in state-of-the-art physical implementation, as well as automotive-grade memories, high-speed interfaces, and system-in-package design to ensure that the EyeQ devices meet the full qualification process according to the highest automotive standards.
Mobileye has a proven track record of developing hardware to meet the challenges of each new level of autonomous driving and we expect our computing capabilities to continue to grow exponentially. Indeed, in order to support running increasingly greater numbers of different algorithms simultaneously, each generation of the EyeQ has been approximately eight times more powerful than its predecessor, all the while maintaining the requisite low power dissipation.
ADAS and especially high levels of autonomous driving require an unprecedented level of focus on functional safety. EyeQ devices are developed to be designed into systems that require the highest grade of safety in automotive applications (i.e., ASIL D, according to the ISO 26262 standard).
In addition to the safety requirements inherent to an automotive application, security is no less a concern. To support the cyber-security requirements of ADAS/AV applications, the EyeQ5 was designed with an integrated hardware security module which includes various innovative HW security features. This enables system integrators to support secure over-the-air software updates, secure in-vehicle communication, etc.
Mobileye与意法半导体（STM）在实施EyeQ器件方面有着长期合作关系，凭借其在汽车级设计方面的丰富经验，STM为最新的物理实现以及汽车级存储器提供了支持，高速接口和系统级封装设计，以确保EyeQ设备符合最高汽车标准的完整认证流程。
Mobileye在开发硬件以应对自动驾驶每个新水平的挑战方面有着良好的记录，希望计算能力将继续呈指数增长。为了支持同时运行越来越多的不同算法，每一代EyeQ的性能都比其前代产品高出大约八倍，同时始终保持必需的低功耗。
ADAS，尤其是高水平的自动驾驶，要求对功能安全的关注达到前所未有的水平。EyeQ设备被开发用于在汽车应用中要求最高安全等级的系统（即，根据ISO 26262标准的ASIL D）。
EyeQ devices are delivered to automakers and Tier1 suppliers along with a full suite of hardware accelerated algorithms and applications that are required for ADAS and autonomous driving. Along with this, Mobileye supports an automotive-grade standard operating system and provides a complete software development kit (SDK) to allow customers to differentiate their solutions by deploying their algorithms on EyeQ5. The SDK may also be used for prototyping and deployment of neural networks, and for access to Mobileye pre-trained network layers. Uses of EyeQ5 as an open software platform are facilitated by such architectural elements such as hardware virtualization and full cache coherency between CPUs and accelerators.
Autonomous driving requires fusion processing of dozens of sensors, including high-resolution cameras, radars, and LiDARs. The sensor-fusion process has to simultaneously grab and process all the sensors’ data. For this purpose, EyeQ5 dedicated IOs support at least 40Gbps data bandwidth. More sensors may be supported via PCIe and Gigabit Ethernet ports with 18Gbps additional data bandwidth.
EyeQ5 implements two PCIe Gen4 ports for inter-processor communication, which could enable system expansion with multiple EyeQ5 devices or for connectivity with an application processor. EyeQ devices implement high performance network on chip interconnect and multi-channel low power DDR interfaces, to support high computational and data bandwidth requirements.
除了汽车应用固有的安全要求外，安全性同样是关注的重点。为了满足ADAS / AV应用程序的网络安全要求，EyeQ5设计带有集成的硬件安全模块，该模块包括各种创新的硬件安全功能。使系统集成商能够支持安全的空中软件更新，安全的车载通信等。
EyeQ设备连同ADAS和自动驾驶所需的全套硬件加速算法和应用程序，一起提供给汽车制造商和Tier1供应商。除此之外，Mobileye支持汽车级标准操作系统，提供完整的软件开发套件（SDK），允许客户通过在EyeQ5上部署算法来区分其解决方案。该SDK还可以用于神经网络的原型设计和部署，以及用于访问Mobileye预先训练的网络层。诸如硬件虚拟化以及CPU和加速器之间的完全缓存一致性之类的体系结构元素，促进了EyeQ5作为开放软件平台的使用。
自动驾驶需要融合数十个传感器的融合处理，包括高分辨率摄像头，雷达和LiDAR。传感器融合过程必须同时获取和处理所有传感器的数据。EyeQ5专用IO至少支持40Gbps数据带宽。通过具有18Gbps附加数据带宽的PCIe和千兆以太网端口，可以支持更多传感器。
EyeQ5实现了两个PCIe Gen4端口，进行处理器间通信，可以通过多个EyeQ5设备扩展系统或与应用处理器进行连接。EyeQ设备实现了高性能的片上网络互连和多通道低功耗DDR接口，支持较高的计算和数据带宽要求。