在Ubuntu 18.04中安装Pycharm及创建Pycharm快捷方式
一、在Ubuntu18.04中安装Pycharm
1.到PyCharm网站下载pycharm professional 2018.2.4版本：
https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/
点击DOWNLOAD NOW按钮，进入系统版本下载页面
图片1
图片2
点击专业版下载
2.将下载的这个安装包解压安装
tar -xzf pycharm-professional-2019.1.3.tar.gz -C /opt/
进入解压后的bin目录中
cd /opt/pycharm-2019.1.3/bin
开始安装Pycharm：
sh ./pycharm.sh
图片3
图片4
图片5
图片6
输入pycharm激活码
将以下代码块内容全部复制进框中
MTW881U3Z5-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-aKyalfjUfiV5UXfhaMGgOqrMzTYy2rnsmobL47k8tTpR/jvG6HeL3FxxleetI+W+Anw3ZSe8QAMsSxqVS4podwlQgIe7f+3w7zyAT1j8HMVlfl2h96KzygdGpDSbwTbwOkJ6/5TQOPgAP86mkaSiM97KgvkZV/2nXQHRz1yhm+MT+OsioTwxDhd/22sSGq6KuIztZ03UvSciEmyrPdl2ueJw1WuT9YmFjdtTm9G7LuXvCM6eav+BgCRm+wwtUeDfoQqigbp0t6FQgkdQrcjoWvLSB0IUgp/f4qGf254fA7lXskT2VCFdDvi0jgxLyMVct1cKnPdM6fkHnbdSXKYDWw==-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
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=PyCharm
Icon=/opt/pycharm-pycharm-2019.1.3/bin/pycharm.png #注意此处的路径
Exec="/opt/pycharm-pycharm-2019.1.3/bin/pycharm.sh" %f #注意此处的路径
Comment=The Drive to Develop
Categories=Development;IDE;
Terminal=false Startup
WMClass=jetbrains-pycharm
新建文件
图片7
点开 Project interpreter.Python 3.6 的三角图标，并选择 Existing interpreter 的路径。点击 Create 创建。
图片8
取消 Tip of the Day 的 Show tips on startup ，点击关闭按钮 Close
图片9
安装完毕
3.当Pycharm关闭后再次启动方式如下：
cd /opt/pycharm-2019.1.3/bin
sh ./pycharm.sh
安装pycharm 2019 完成
二、在Ubuntu18.04中创建Pycharm的快捷方式
1.终端进入此路径：cd /usr/share/applications
2.执行命令：sudo touch pycharm.desktop
3.执行命令：sudo vim pycharm.desktop
4.复制下面代码到pycharm.desktop文件中，注意修改其中标记的两项的路径
5.编辑完毕，保存并退出后，修改文件权限：
chmod u+x pycharm.desktop
6.在系统搜索处输入pycharm，双击启动即可。
图片10
注意：固定不到桌面快速启动栏