junit4 下的所有的testcase都是在Runner下执行的， 可以将Runner理解为junit运行的容器， 默认情况下junit会使用JUnit4ClassRunner作为所有testcase的执行容器。
如果要定制自己的junit， 则可以实现自己的Runner，最简单的办法就是Junit4ClassRunner继承， spring-test， unitils这些框架就是采用这样的做法。
如在spring中是SpringJUnit4ClassRunner， 在unitils中是UnitilsJUnit4TestClassRunner， 一般我们的testcase都是在通过eclipse插件来执行的， eclipse的junit插件会在执行的时候会初始化指定的Runner。初始化的过程可以在ClassRequest中找到。
org.junit.internal.runners.Junit4ClassRunner
package org.junit.internal.runners;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.runner.Description;
import org.junit.runner.Runner;
import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Filter;
import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Filterable;
import org.junit.runner.manipulation.NoTestsRemainException;
import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Sortable;
import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Sorter;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
import org.junit.runner.notification.RunNotifier;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
/**
* @deprecated Included for backwards compatibility with JUnit 4.4. Will be
* removed in the next release. Please use
* {@link BlockJUnit4ClassRunner} in place of
* {@link JUnit4ClassRunner}.
*
* This may disappear as soon as 1 April 2009
*/
@Deprecated
public class JUnit4ClassRunner extends Runner implements Filterable, Sortable
{
private final List<Method> fTestMethods;
private TestClass fTestClass;
//将要测试的TestCase实例Class对象传入
public JUnit4ClassRunner(Class<?> klass) throws InitializationError
{
fTestClass = new TestClass(klass);
fTestMethods = getTestMethods();
//对要进行测试的方法展开验证
validate();
}
//获取@test的方法List
protected List<Method> getTestMethods()
{
return fTestClass.getTestMethods();
}
//对要进行测试的方法展开验证
protected void validate() throws InitializationError
{
MethodValidator methodValidator = new MethodValidator(fTestClass);
methodValidator.validateMethodsForDefaultRunner();
methodValidator.assertValid();
}
@Override
public void run(final RunNotifier notifier)
{
new ClassRoadie(notifier, fTestClass, getDescription(), new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
runMethods(notifier);
}
}).runProtected();
}
protected void runMethods(final RunNotifier notifier)
{
for (Method method : fTestMethods)
invokeTestMethod(method, notifier);
}
@Override
public Description getDescription()
{
Description spec = Description.createSuiteDescription(getName(), classAnnotations());
List<Method> testMethods = fTestMethods;
for (Method method : testMethods)
spec.addChild(methodDescription(method));
return spec;
}
protected Annotation[] classAnnotations()
{
return fTestClass.getJavaClass().getAnnotations();
}
protected String getName()
{
return getTestClass().getName();
}
protected Object createTest() throws Exception
{
return getTestClass().getConstructor().newInstance();
}
protected void invokeTestMethod(Method method, RunNotifier notifier)
{
Description description = methodDescription(method);
Object test;
try
{
test = createTest();
}
catch(InvocationTargetException e)
{
testAborted(notifier, description, e.getCause());
return;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
testAborted(notifier, description, e);
return;
}
TestMethod testMethod = wrapMethod(method);
new MethodRoadie(test, testMethod, notifier, description).run();
}
private void testAborted(RunNotifier notifier, Description description, Throwable e)
{
notifier.fireTestStarted(description);
notifier.fireTestFailure(new Failure(description, e));
notifier.fireTestFinished(description);
}
protected TestMethod wrapMethod(Method method)
{
return new TestMethod(method, fTestClass);
}
protected String testName(Method method)
{
return method.getName();
}
protected Description methodDescription(Method method)
{
return Description.createTestDescription(getTestClass().getJavaClass(), testName(method), testAnnotations(method));
}
protected Annotation[] testAnnotations(Method method)
{
return method.getAnnotations();
}
public void filter(Filter filter) throws NoTestsRemainException
{
for (Iterator<Method> iter = fTestMethods.iterator(); iter.hasNext();)
{
Method method = iter.next();
if (!filter.shouldRun(methodDescription(method)))
iter.remove();
}
if (fTestMethods.isEmpty())
throw new NoTestsRemainException();
}
public void sort(final Sorter sorter)
{
Collections.sort(fTestMethods, new Comparator<Method>()
{
public int compare(Method o1, Method o2)
{
return sorter.compare(methodDescription(o1), methodDescription(o2));
}
});
}
protected TestClass getTestClass()
{
return fTestClass;
}
}
org.junit.internal.runners.TestClass类
不同于上一节提到的org.junit.runners.model.TestClass类
package org.junit.internal.runners;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
/**
* @deprecated Included for backwards compatibility with JUnit 4.4. Will be
* removed in the next release. Please use
* {@link BlockJUnit4ClassRunner} in place of
* {@link JUnit4ClassRunner}.
*/
@Deprecated
public class TestClass
{
private final Class<?> fClass;
public TestClass(Class<?> klass)
{
fClass = klass;
}
public List<Method> getTestMethods()
{
return getAnnotatedMethods(Test.class);
}
List<Method> getBefores()
{
return getAnnotatedMethods(BeforeClass.class);
}
List<Method> getAfters()
{
return getAnnotatedMethods(AfterClass.class);
}
public List<Method> getAnnotatedMethods(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass)
{
List<Method> results = new ArrayList<Method>();
for (Class<?> eachClass : getSuperClasses(fClass))
{
Method[] methods = eachClass.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method eachMethod : methods)
{
Annotation annotation = eachMethod.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
if (annotation != null && !isShadowed(eachMethod, results))
results.add(eachMethod);
}
}
if (runsTopToBottom(annotationClass))
Collections.reverse(results);
return results;
}
private boolean runsTopToBottom(Class<? extends Annotation> annotation)
{
return annotation.equals(Before.class) || annotation.equals(BeforeClass.class);
}
private boolean isShadowed(Method method, List<Method> results)
{
for (Method each : results)
{
if (isShadowed(method, each))
return true;
}
return false;
}
private boolean isShadowed(Method current, Method previous)
{
if (!previous.getName().equals(current.getName()))
return false;
if (previous.getParameterTypes().length != current.getParameterTypes().length)
return false;
for (int i = 0; i < previous.getParameterTypes().length; i++)
{
if (!previous.getParameterTypes()[i].equals(current.getParameterTypes()[i]))
return false;
}
return true;
}
private List<Class<?>> getSuperClasses(Class<?> testClass)
{
ArrayList<Class<?>> results = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
Class<?> current = testClass;
while (current != null)
{
results.add(current);
current = current.getSuperclass();
}
return results;
}
public Constructor<?> getConstructor() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException
{
return fClass.getConstructor();
}
public Class<?> getJavaClass()
{
return fClass;
}
public String getName()
{
return fClass.getName();
}
}
org.junit.internal.runners.MethodValidator类
用于在org.junit.internal.runners.Junit4ClassRunner 类当中进行方法验证
package org.junit.internal.runners;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner;
/**
* @deprecated Included for backwards compatibility with JUnit 4.4. Will be
* removed in the next release. Please use
* {@link BlockJUnit4ClassRunner} in place of {@link JUnit4ClassRunner}.
*/
@Deprecated
public class MethodValidator {
private final List<Throwable> fErrors= new ArrayList<Throwable>();
private TestClass fTestClass;
//org.junit.internal.runners.JUnit4ClassRunner类中
//validate()方法中调用该构造函数-----第一步
public MethodValidator(TestClass testClass) {
fTestClass = testClass;
}
public void validateInstanceMethods() {
validateTestMethods(After.class, false);
validateTestMethods(Before.class, false);
validateTestMethods(Test.class, false);
List<Method> methods= fTestClass.getAnnotatedMethods(Test.class);
if (methods.size() == 0)
fErrors.add(new Exception("No runnable methods"));
}
public void validateStaticMethods() {
validateTestMethods(BeforeClass.class, true);
validateTestMethods(AfterClass.class, true);
}
//Junit4ClassRunner类中调用第二步
public List<Throwable> validateMethodsForDefaultRunner() {
//校验无参构造方法
validateNoArgConstructor();
//校验注解方法
validateStaticMethods();
validateInstanceMethods();
return fErrors;
}
//Junit4ClassRunner类中第三步
public void assertValid() throws InitializationError {
if (!fErrors.isEmpty())
throw new InitializationError(fErrors);
}
public void validateNoArgConstructor() {
try {
fTestClass.getConstructor();
} catch (Exception e) {
fErrors.add(new Exception("Test class should have public zero-argument constructor", e));
}
}
//校验要测试的方法 是否静态方法、是否public方法、是否返回值void、是否无参数
//@param annotation 要测试的annotation类
//@param isStatic 是否要求静态方法
private void validateTestMethods(Class<? extends Annotation> annotation,boolean isStatic) {
List<Method> methods= fTestClass.getAnnotatedMethods(annotation);
for (Method each : methods) {
if (Modifier.isStatic(each.getModifiers()) != isStatic) {
String state= isStatic ? "should" : "should not";
fErrors.add(new Exception("Method " + each.getName() + "() "
+ state + " be static"));
}
if (!Modifier.isPublic(each.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers()))
fErrors.add(new Exception("Class " + each.getDeclaringClass().getName()
+ " should be public"));
if (!Modifier.isPublic(each.getModifiers()))
fErrors.add(new Exception("Method " + each.getName()
+ " should be public"));
if (each.getReturnType() != Void.TYPE)
fErrors.add(new Exception("Method " + each.getName()
+ " should be void"));
if (each.getParameterTypes().length != 0)
fErrors.add(new Exception("Method " + each.getName()
+ " should have no parameters"));
}
}
}