不知道大家有没有想过这样一个问题:为什么在action中的实例变量,没有使用request.setAttribute()方法将值添加到request范围内,却能在jsp中用EL表达式取出?
众所周知,EL表达式只能取出pageContext,request,session,application属性范围的值。然而,在struts2中能突破这一个限制,成功的取出action中的实例变量值。
请看例子:
这是一个action
package com.wuyou.action; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; @Controller @Scope(value = "prototype") public class TestAction extends ActionSupport { private Integer id = 123; private String name = "无忧之路"; public String execute() { return "success"; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } }
对应的struts配置文件:
<package name="default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/"> <action name="test" class="testAction"> <result>/success.jsp</result> </action> </package>
对应的success.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> ${id} </body> </html>
页面输出:123
其实,在struts2中使用的request并非为tomcat提供的,而是经过了struts2所包装过的org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsRequestWrapper对象。
这个类做了些什么事情呢?
原来,我们在调用EL表达式的时候,或者request.getAttribute(String key)方法的时候,struts2会先在原来的request中调用request.getAttribute()方法获取该值,如果查找不到,则继续往OgnlValueStack查找,由于action对象在ognl值栈,返回action里名为"id"的实例变量值,即可显示在页面上。
我们可以尝试在jsp中输出request的类名:
<%=request.getClass()%>
也可以在action里面输出:
System.out.println(ServletActionContext.getRequest().getClass());
均输出:class org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsRequestWrapper
这下真相大白了吧!
附StrutsRequestWrapper类源代码:(点击展开)
public class StrutsRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { /** * The constructor * @param req The request */ public StrutsRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest req) { super(req); } /** * Gets the object, looking in the value stack if not found * * @param s The attribute key */ public Object getAttribute(String s) { if (s != null && s.startsWith("javax.servlet")) { // don't bother with the standard javax.servlet attributes, we can short-circuit this // see WW-953 and the forums post linked in that issue for more info return super.getAttribute(s); } ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext(); Object attribute = super.getAttribute(s); if (ctx != null) { if (attribute == null) { boolean alreadyIn = false; Boolean b = (Boolean) ctx.get("__requestWrapper.getAttribute"); if (b != null) { alreadyIn = b.booleanValue(); } // note: we don't let # come through or else a request for // #attr.foo or #request.foo could cause an endless loop if (!alreadyIn && s.indexOf("#") == -1) { try { // If not found, then try the ValueStack ctx.put("__requestWrapper.getAttribute", Boolean.TRUE); ValueStack stack = ctx.getValueStack(); if (stack != null) { attribute = stack.findValue(s); } } finally { ctx.put("__requestWrapper.getAttribute", Boolean.FALSE); } } } } return attribute; } }