zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • JAVA Semaphore详解

      Semaphore(信号量):是一种计数器,用来保护一个或者多个共享资源的访问。如果线程要访问一个资源就必须先获得信号量。如果信号量内部计数器大于0,信号量减1,然后允许共享这个资源;否则,如果信号量的计数器等于0,信号量将会把线程置入休眠直至计数器大于0.当信号量使用完时,必须释放。

    实例代码:

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
            final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(2);
            ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                final int index = i;
                executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            semaphore.acquire();
                            System.out.println("线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "获得许可:" + index);
                            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
                            semaphore.release();
                            System.out.println("允许TASK个数:" + semaphore.availablePermits()); 
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
            executorService.shutdown();

      构造方法1:

    1
    2
    3
    public Semaphore(int permits) {
        sync = new NonfairSync(permits);
    }

      permits 初始许可数,也就是最大访问线程数构造方法2:

    1
    2
    3
    public Semaphore(int permits, boolean fair) {
        sync = (fair)? new FairSync(permits) : new NonfairSync(permits);
    }

      permits 初始许可数,也就是最大访问线程数

      fair 当设置为false时,创建的信号量为非公平模式;当设置为true时,信号量是公平模式

    主要方法:

    • void acquire() :从信号量获取一个许可,如果无可用许可前将一直阻塞等待,
    • void acquire(int permits) :获取指定数目的许可,如果无可用许可前也将会一直阻塞等待
    • boolean tryAcquire():从信号量尝试获取一个许可,如果无可用许可,直接返回false,不会阻塞
    • boolean tryAcquire(int permits): 尝试获取指定数目的许可,如果无可用许可直接返回false
    • boolean tryAcquire(int permits, long timeout, TimeUnit unit): 在指定的时间内尝试从信号量中获取许可,如果在指定的时间内获取成功,返回true,否则返回false
    • void release(): 释放一个许可,别忘了在finally中使用,注意:多次调用该方法,会使信号量的许可数增加,达到动态扩展的效果,如:初始permits为1, 调用了两次release,最大许可会改变为2
    • int availablePermits(): 获取当前信号量可用的许可

    JDK 非公平Semaphore实现:

      1.使用一个参数的构造创建Semaphore对象时,会创建一个NonfairSync对象实例,并将state值设为传入的值(permits ),

    1
    2
    3
    public Semaphore(int permits) {
        sync = new NonfairSync(permits);
    }

      NonfairSync间接的继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronizer实现

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    final static class NonfairSync extends Sync {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = -2694183684443567898L;
     
            NonfairSync(int permits) {
                super(permits);
            }
     
            protected int tryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
                return nonfairTryAcquireShared(acquires);
            }
        }
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1192457210091910933L;
     
        Sync(int permits) {
            setState(permits);
        }

      AbstractQueuedSynchronizer 的setState方法

    1
    2
    3
    protected final void setState(int newState) {
        state = newState;
    }

      2.调用tryAcquire方法时,实际是调用NonfairSync的nonfairTryAcquireShared方法,nonfairTryAcquireShared在父类Sync中实现,

    Semaphore# tryAcquire方法:

    1
    2
    3
    public boolean tryAcquire() {
        return sync.nonfairTryAcquireShared(1) >= 0;
    }


      Sync的nonfairTryAcquireShared方法

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    final int nonfairTryAcquireShared(int acquires) {
        for (;;) {
            int available = getState();
            int remaining = available - acquires;
            if (remaining < 0 ||
                compareAndSetState(available, remaining))
                return remaining;
        }
    }

      nonfairTryAcquireShared 方法通过获取当前的state,以此state减去需要获取信号量的个数,作为剩余个数,如果结果小于0,返回此剩余的个数;如果结果大于等于0,则基于 CAS将state的值设置为剩余个数,当前步骤用到了for循环,所以只有在结果小于0或设置state值成功的情况下才会退出。如果返回的剩余许可个数大于0,tryAcquire方法则返回true;其余返回false。

      AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的compareAndSetState方法,

    1
    2
    3
    4
    protected final boolean compareAndSetState(int expect, int update) {
        // See below for intrinsics setup to support this
        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, expect, update);
    }


      3.release方法,释放一个许可

    1
    2
    3
    public void release() {
        sync.releaseShared(1);
    }

      AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的releaseShared方法,

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
        if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
            doReleaseShared();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

      release方法间接的调用了Sync的tryReleaseShared方法,该方法基于Cas 将state的值设置为state+1,一直循环确保CAS操作成功,成功后返回true。

    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int releases) {
        for (;;) {
            int p = getState();
            if (compareAndSetState(p, p + releases))
                return true;
        }
    }

      根据上面分析,可以看得出,Semaphore采用了CAS来实现,尽量避免锁的使用,提高了性能

  • 相关阅读:
    VBA.replace替换单引号或双引号
    读取文件
    UPDATE
    alter update
    SQL日期格式
    python map的用法
    python os模块用法
    python re.I compile search
    python 正则匹配
    通过list中值得名称查询索引号
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxgblogs/p/5422508.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看