这片文章主要介绍mysql+haproxy+keepalived的高可用使用。
有两种模式:
第一种:数据库宕机触发VIP漂移的高可用使用。
第二种:haproxy宕机出发VIP漂移的高可用。
这两种模式的底层数据库均为双主模式或者MGR的多主模式,mariadb的galera模式,percona的pxc模式;也就是底层的数据库每一个都可写。
在双主的模式下,如果添加了haproxy这一层,那么就可以实现了数据库读写的负载均衡,VIP随着haproxy的状态而漂移,即上面提到的第一种情况。
如果没有加入haproxy这一层,那么就只实现了双主模式数据库的高可用,即一个数据库宕机,则VIP漂移,VIP随着数据库的状态而漂移,即上面提到的第二种情况。
下面分别来说明这两种情况的使用。
双主模式的数据库: 10.9.8.201和10.9.8.223
VIP地址: 10.9.8.120
【因服务器资源限制,因此只使用此两台服务器】
数据库宕机触发VIP漂移
已经配置好的双主模式数据库。然后在两个服务器上分别下载keepalive软件,直接yum安装即可。
keepalived的配置文件有很长,原因是里面有lvs的配置,这里只需要部分配置即可,如下:
[root@test1 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id LVS_DB2 } vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh" interval 3 weight -5 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.9.8.120 dev ens33 } track_script { check_haproxy } }
检测脚本内容如下:脚本内容很简单,就是检查mysql进程是否存在,若是不存在,则停止当前的keepalive,让其VIP进行漂移。【要给检测脚本加上可执行的权限】
#!/bin/bash if [ $(ps -C mysqld --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ]; then service keepalived stop fi
上面就是master的配置,做为backup的keepalived的配置和上面基本一样,只需要更改router_id,state,priority三个值即可。
state值的说明,主和备keepalived的state的值均可以设置为BACKUP,这样的话,先启动的服务器即为主,当发生VIP漂移后,原来的主启动后VIP不会再发生漂移,可以减少网络抖动的影响。
测试:
[root@test1 keepalived]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:01:9c:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.9.8.201/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.9.8.120/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::744a:3948:cdf2:1976/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@test1 keepalived]# ps uax |grep mysql root 60710 0.0 0.0 11764 1632 pts/0 S 15:21 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/data --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/test1.pid mysql 62092 0.0 16.5 2190032 309408 pts/0 Sl 15:21 0:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/test1.pid --socket=/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock --port=3306 root 63704 0.0 0.0 112648 960 pts/0 R+ 16:00 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@test1 keepalived]#
主上面的VIP存在以及mysql服务存在。停掉主上面的mysql服务,查看VIP是否漂移。【主上的VIP已经不存在】
[root@test1 keepalived]# service mysqld stop Shutting down MySQL........... SUCCESS! [root@test1 keepalived]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:01:9c:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.9.8.201/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::744a:3948:cdf2:1976/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@test1 keepalived]# ps aux |grep mysql root 63933 0.0 0.0 112648 956 pts/0 R+ 16:01 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@test1 keepalived]#
在back上面查看VIP是否存在: 【可以看到VIP已经漂移到BACKUP上面】
[root@monitor keepalived]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:7c:ae:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.9.8.223/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 10.9.8.120/32 scope global ens33 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::d4e4:4f75:1be6:2134/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/ether 02:42:25:78:a0:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@monitor keepalived]#
上面的实例中VIP随着数据库的状态而漂移。
HAPROXY状态触发VIP漂移
在这个架构下,其实就是在上面mysql+keepalived的架构中插入一层,使用haproxy做负载均衡。
在两台机器上分别安装haproxy,直接yum安装即可,haproxy的配置很简单,就是做一个负载均衡。
配置很简单,haproxy的两个服务器都是用同样的配置。【需要说明,因为后面访问的是mysql,因此需要使用四层负载均衡,mode需要选择tcp】
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the # full configuration options online. # # http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt # #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend mysql mode tcp bind *:6039 default_backend back_mysql #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend back_mysql mode tcp balance roundrobin server db1 10.9.8.201:3306 check server db2 10.9.8.223:3306 check
然后修改keepalived的检测脚本,上面的模式检查的是mysql的状态,这一次检查的是haproxy的状态。
! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id LVS_DB2 } vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy_status.sh" interval 3 weight -5 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 9 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 10.9.8.120 dev ens33 } track_script { check_haproxy } }
脚本内容如下:
#!/bin/bash if [ $(ps -C haproxy --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ];then sudo service keepalived stop fi
修改完之后重启keepalive即可。
加入了haproxy需要说明的是,在连接数据库的时候需要使用VIP+haproxy_PORT,上面我们配置haproxy监听了6039端口,那么连接的时候就是用VIP+6039端口。