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  • mysql和haproxy高可用

    这片文章主要介绍mysql+haproxy+keepalived的高可用使用。

    有两种模式:

    第一种:数据库宕机触发VIP漂移的高可用使用。

    第二种:haproxy宕机出发VIP漂移的高可用。

    这两种模式的底层数据库均为双主模式或者MGR的多主模式,mariadb的galera模式,percona的pxc模式;也就是底层的数据库每一个都可写。

    在双主的模式下,如果添加了haproxy这一层,那么就可以实现了数据库读写的负载均衡,VIP随着haproxy的状态而漂移,即上面提到的第一种情况。

    如果没有加入haproxy这一层,那么就只实现了双主模式数据库的高可用,即一个数据库宕机,则VIP漂移,VIP随着数据库的状态而漂移,即上面提到的第二种情况。

    下面分别来说明这两种情况的使用。

    双主模式的数据库: 10.9.8.201和10.9.8.223

    VIP地址: 10.9.8.120

    【因服务器资源限制,因此只使用此两台服务器】

    数据库宕机触发VIP漂移

    已经配置好的双主模式数据库。然后在两个服务器上分别下载keepalive软件,直接yum安装即可。

    keepalived的配置文件有很长,原因是里面有lvs的配置,这里只需要部分配置即可,如下:

    [root@test1 keepalived]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
    
    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    
    global_defs {
       router_id LVS_DB2
    }
    
    vrrp_script check_haproxy {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_mysql.sh"
        interval 3
        weight -5
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER
        interface ens33
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 100
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.9.8.120 dev ens33
        }
    
        track_script {
            check_haproxy
        }
    }

    检测脚本内容如下:脚本内容很简单,就是检查mysql进程是否存在,若是不存在,则停止当前的keepalive,让其VIP进行漂移。【要给检测脚本加上可执行的权限】

    #!/bin/bash
    if [ $(ps -C mysqld --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ]; then
        service keepalived stop
    fi

    上面就是master的配置,做为backup的keepalived的配置和上面基本一样,只需要更改router_id,state,priority三个值即可。

    state值的说明,主和备keepalived的state的值均可以设置为BACKUP,这样的话,先启动的服务器即为主,当发生VIP漂移后,原来的主启动后VIP不会再发生漂移,可以减少网络抖动的影响。

    测试:

    [root@test1 keepalived]# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:01:9c:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.9.8.201/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet 10.9.8.120/32 scope global ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::744a:3948:cdf2:1976/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    [root@test1 keepalived]# ps uax |grep mysql
    root      60710  0.0  0.0  11764  1632 pts/0    S    15:21   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql/data --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/test1.pid
    mysql     62092  0.0 16.5 2190032 309408 pts/0  Sl   15:21   0:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log --open-files-limit=65535 --pid-file=/data/mysql/data/test1.pid --socket=/data/mysql/run/mysql.sock --port=3306
    root      63704  0.0  0.0 112648   960 pts/0    R+   16:00   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
    [root@test1 keepalived]# 

    主上面的VIP存在以及mysql服务存在。停掉主上面的mysql服务,查看VIP是否漂移。【主上的VIP已经不存在】

    [root@test1 keepalived]# service mysqld stop
    Shutting down MySQL........... SUCCESS! 
    [root@test1 keepalived]# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:01:9c:98 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.9.8.201/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::744a:3948:cdf2:1976/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    [root@test1 keepalived]# ps aux |grep mysql
    root      63933  0.0  0.0 112648   956 pts/0    R+   16:01   0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
    [root@test1 keepalived]# 

    在back上面查看VIP是否存在: 【可以看到VIP已经漂移到BACKUP上面】

    [root@monitor keepalived]# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether 00:0c:29:7c:ae:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.9.8.223/22 brd 10.9.11.255 scope global ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet 10.9.8.120/32 scope global ens33
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::d4e4:4f75:1be6:2134/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN 
        link/ether 02:42:25:78:a0:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    [root@monitor keepalived]# 

    上面的实例中VIP随着数据库的状态而漂移。

    HAPROXY状态触发VIP漂移

    在这个架构下,其实就是在上面mysql+keepalived的架构中插入一层,使用haproxy做负载均衡。

    在两台机器上分别安装haproxy,直接yum安装即可,haproxy的配置很简单,就是做一个负载均衡。

    配置很简单,haproxy的两个服务器都是用同样的配置。【需要说明,因为后面访问的是mysql,因此需要使用四层负载均衡,mode需要选择tcp】

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Example configuration for a possible web application.  See the
    # full configuration options online.
    #
    #   http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
    #
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Global settings
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    global
        # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
        # need to:
        #
        # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
        #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
        #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
        #
        # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
        #   file. A line like the following can be added to
        #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
        #
        #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
        #
        log         127.0.0.1 local2
    
        chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
        pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
        maxconn     4000
        user        haproxy
        group       haproxy
        daemon
    
        # turn on stats unix socket
        stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
    # use if not designated in their block
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    defaults
        mode                    http
        log                     global
        option                  httplog
        option                  dontlognull
        option http-server-close
        option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
        option                  redispatch
        retries                 3
        timeout http-request    10s
        timeout queue           1m
        timeout connect         10s
        timeout client          1m
        timeout server          1m
        timeout http-keep-alive 10s
        timeout check           10s
        maxconn                 3000
    
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # main frontend which proxys to the backends
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    frontend mysql
        mode tcp
        bind *:6039
        default_backend back_mysql
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
    #---------------------------------------------------------------------
    backend back_mysql
        mode  tcp
        balance     roundrobin
        server  db1 10.9.8.201:3306 check
        server  db2 10.9.8.223:3306 check 

    然后修改keepalived的检测脚本,上面的模式检查的是mysql的状态,这一次检查的是haproxy的状态。

    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    
    global_defs {
       router_id LVS_DB2
    }
    
    vrrp_script check_haproxy {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy_status.sh"
        interval 3
        weight -5
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state BACKUP
        interface ens33
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 9
        advert_int 1
        authentication {
            auth_type PASS
            auth_pass 1111
        }
        virtual_ipaddress {
            10.9.8.120 dev ens33
        }
        
        track_script {
            check_haproxy
        }
    }

    脚本内容如下:

    #!/bin/bash
    if [ $(ps -C haproxy --no-header | wc -l) -eq 0 ];then
        sudo service keepalived stop
    fi

    修改完之后重启keepalive即可。

    加入了haproxy需要说明的是,在连接数据库的时候需要使用VIP+haproxy_PORT,上面我们配置haproxy监听了6039端口,那么连接的时候就是用VIP+6039端口。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wxzhe/p/11459777.html
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