CentOS7安装部署ClickHouse（单机版&&集群部署）

1.1 什么是ClickHouse

ClickHouse 是俄罗斯的Yandex于2016年开源的列式存储数据库（DBMS），主要用于在线分析处理查询（OLAP），能够使用SQL查询实时生成分析数据报告。

1.2 什么是列式存储

以下面的表为例：

Id	Name	Age
1	张三	18
2	李四	22
3	王五	34

采用行式存储时，数据在磁盘上的组织结构为：

1	张三	18	2	李四	22	3	王五	34

好处是想查某个人所有的属性时，可以通过一次磁盘查找加顺序读取就可以。但是当想查所有人的年龄时，需要不停的查找，或者全表扫描才行，遍历的很多数据都是不需要的。

而采用列式存储时，数据在磁盘上的组织结构为：

1	2	3	张三	李四	王五	18	22	34

这时想查所有人的年龄只需把年龄那一列拿出来就可以了

一、CentOS7安装ClickHouse

1.1 安装前准备

1.1.1 CentOS取消打开文件数限制

在/etc/security/limits.conf、/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf这2个文件的末尾加入一下内容：

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf

在文件末尾添加：

*       soft    nofile  65536

*       hard    nofile  65536

*       soft    nproc   131072

*       hard    nproc   131072

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf

在文件末尾添加：
*       soft    nofile  65536

*       hard    nofile  65536

*       soft    nproc   131072

*       hard    nproc   131072

重启服务器之后生效，用 ulimit -n 或者 ulimit -a 查看设置结果

1.1.2 CentOS取消SELINUX

修改/etc/selinux/config中的SELINUX=disabled后重启

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protect
ed. #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

1.1.3 关闭防火墙

1、命令行界面输入命令“systemctl status firewalld.service”并按下回车键。

2、然后在下方可度以查看得到“active（running）”，此时说明防火墙已经被打开了。

3、在命令行中输入systemctl stop firewalld.service命令，进行关闭防火墙。

4、然后再使用命令systemctl status firewalld.service，在下方出现disavtive（dead），这权样就说明防火墙已经关闭。

5、再在命令行中输入命令“systemctl disable firewalld.service”命令，即可永久关闭防火墙。

1.2 单机安装

1 网址

官网：https://clickhouse.yandex/

下载地址：http://repo.red-soft.biz/repos/clickhouse/

2 单机模式

大数据培训之ClickHouse安装

2.1 上传个文件到linux

[root@master clickhouse_softs]# ll
总用量 34636
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6376 3月  10 14:32 clickhouse-client-19.7.3.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25990492 3月  10 14:32 clickhouse-common-static-19.7.3.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9453456 3月  10 14:32 clickhouse-server-19.7.3.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     9944 3月  10 14:32 clickhouse-server-common-19.7.3.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2.2分别安装这5个rpm文件

[root@master clickhouse_softs]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:clickhouse-server-common-19.7.3.9################################# [ 25%]
   2:clickhouse-common-static-19.7.3.9################################# [ 50%]
   3:clickhouse-server-19.7.3.9-1.el7 ################################# [ 75%]
Create user clickhouse.clickhouse with datadir /var/lib/clickhouse
   4:clickhouse-client-19.7.3.9-1.el7 ################################# [100%]
Create user clickhouse.clickhouse with datadir /var/lib/clickhouse

2.3 启动ClickServer

[root@master clickhouse_softs]# service clickhouse-server start
Start clickhouse-server service: Path to data directory in /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml: /var/lib/clickhouse/DONE

2.2.4 使用client连接server

[root@master clickhouse_softs]# clickhouse-client
ClickHouse client version 19.7.3.1.
Connecting to localhost:9000 as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 19.7.3 revision 54419.

master :) 
master :) 
master :) quit
Bye.

1.3 分布式集群安装

1.3.1 另外几台机器同样需要做安装前准备

1.3.2 将4个rpm包上传到另外几台机器

1.3.3 分别安装

[root@node01 clickhouse_softs]# ll
总用量 0
[root@node01 clickhouse_softs]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:clickhouse-server-common-19.7.3.9################################# [ 25%]
   2:clickhouse-common-static-19.7.3.9################################# [ 50%]
   3:clickhouse-server-19.7.3.9-1.el7 ################################# [ 75%]
Create user clickhouse.clickhouse with datadir /var/lib/clickhouse
   4:clickhouse-client-19.7.3.9-1.el7 ################################# [100%]
Create user clickhouse.clickhouse with datadir /var/lib/clickhouse

[root@node02 clickhouse_softs]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:clickhouse-server-common-19.7.3.9################################# [ 25%]
   2:clickhouse-common-static-19.7.3.9################################# [ 50%]
   3:clickhouse-server-19.7.3.9-1.el7 ################################# [ 75%]
Create user clickhouse.clickhouse with datadir /var/lib/clickhouse
   4:clickhouse-client-19.7.3.9-1.el7 ################################# [100%]
Create user clickhouse.clickhouse with datadir /var/lib/clickhouse

1.3.4 每台机器修改config.xml文件 ，将<listen_host>::</listen_host>注释放开即可

[root@node02 clickhouse_softs]# vim /etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml
    <!-- Port for communication between replicas. Used for data exchange. -->
    <interserver_http_port>9009</interserver_http_port>

    <!-- Hostname that is used by other replicas to request this server.
         If not specified, than it is determined analoguous to 'hostname -f' command.
         This setting could be used to switch replication to another network interface.
      -->
    <!--
    <interserver_http_host>example.yandex.ru</interserver_http_host>
    -->

    <!-- Listen specified host. use :: (wildcard IPv6 address), if you want to accept connections both with IPv4 and IPv6 from everywhere. -->
    <listen_host>::</listen_host>
    <!-- Same for hosts with disabled ipv6: -->
    <!-- <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host> -->

    <!-- Default values - try listen localhost on ipv4 and ipv6: -->

1.3.5 每台机器创建metrika.xml

[root@node02 clickhouse_softs]# vim /etc/metrika.xml

内容如下：

<yandex>
    <clickhouse_remote_servers>
        <clickhouse_cluster>
            <shard>
                <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
                <replica>
                    <host>master</host>										(第一台服务器的主机名或ip)
                    <port>9000</port>
                </replica>
            </shard>
            <shard>
                <replica>
                    <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
                    <host>node01</host>										(第二台服务器的主机名或ip)
                    <port>9000</port>
                </replica>
            </shard>
            <shard>
                <internal_replication>true</internal_replication>
                <replica>
                    <host>node02</host>										(第三台服务器的主机名或ip)
                    <port>9000</port>
                </replica>
            </shard>
        </clickhouse_cluster>
    </clickhouse_remote_servers>
     
    <zookeeper-servers>
        <node index="1">
            <host>master</host>												(第一台服务器的主机名或ip)
            <port>2181</port>
        </node>
        <node index="2">
            <host>node01</host>												(第二台服务器的主机名或ip)
            <port>2181</port>
        </node>
        <node index="3">
            <host>node02</host>												(第三台服务器的主机名或ip)
            <port>2181</port>
        </node>
    </zookeeper-servers>

    <macros>
        <replica>node02</replica>			   								(里要写本机的地址,另外两台记得改为对应的地址)
    </macros>

    <networks>
        <ip>::/0</ip>
    </networks>

    <clickhouse_compression>
        <case>
            <min_part_size>10000000000</min_part_size>
            <min_part_size_ratio>0.01</min_part_size_ratio>
            <method>lz4</method>
        </case>
    </clickhouse_compression>
</yandex>

1.3.6 每台机器先启动zookeeper

[root@node02 soft]# zkServer.sh start
JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/soft/zookeeper-3.4.6/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Starting zookeeper ... STARTED

1.3.7 每台机器启动clickhouse

[root@node01 soft]# service clickhouse-server start
Start clickhouse-server service: Path to data directory in /etc/clickhouse-server/co
nfig.xml: /var/lib/clickhouse/DONE

1.3.8 验证，进入client

[root@master soft]# clickhouse-client -m
ClickHouse client version 19.7.3.1.
Connecting to localhost:9000 as user default.
Connected to ClickHouse server version 19.7.3 revision 54419.

master :)

1.3.9 验证集群是否创建成功，输入 select * from system.clusters;

master :) select * from system.clusters;

SELECT *
FROM system.clusters 

┌─cluster───────────────────────────┬─shard_num─┬─shard_weight─┬─replica_num─┬─host_name─┬─host_address───┬─port─┬─is_local─┬─user────┬─default_database─┐
│ clickhouse_cluster                │         1 │            1 │           1 │ master    │ 192.168.41.105 │ 9000 │        1 │ default │                  │
│ clickhouse_cluster                │         2 │            1 │           1 │ node01    │ 192.168.41.106 │ 9000 │        0 │ default │                  │
│ clickhouse_cluster                │         3 │            1 │           1 │ node02    │ 192.168.41.107 │ 9000 │        0 │ default │                  │
│ test_cluster_two_shards_localhost │         1 │            1 │           1 │ localhost │ ::1            │ 9000 │        1 │ default │                  │
│ test_cluster_two_shards_localhost │         2 │            1 │           1 │ localhost │ ::1            │ 9000 │        1 │ default │                  │
│ test_shard_localhost              │         1 │            1 │           1 │ localhost │ ::1            │ 9000 │        1 │ default │                  │
│ test_shard_localhost_secure       │         1 │            1 │           1 │ localhost │ ::1            │ 9440 │        0 │ default │                  │
│ test_unavailable_shard            │         1 │            1 │           1 │ localhost │ ::1            │ 9000 │        1 │ default │                  │
│ test_unavailable_shard            │         2 │            1 │           1 │ localhost │ ::1            │    1 │        0 │ default │                  │
└───────────────────────────────────┴───────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┴───────────┴────────────────┴──────┴──────────┴─────────┴──────────────────┘

9 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.001 sec.