用法一：在关联数据类中创建private static ThreadLocal
ThreaLocal的JDK文档中说明：ThreadLocal instances are typically private static fields in classes that wish to associate state with a thread。如果我们希望通过某个类将状态（例如用户ID、事务ID）与线程关联起来，那么通常在这个类中定义private static类型的ThreadLocal 实例。
例如，在下面的类中，私有静态 ThreadLocal 实例（serialNum）为调用该类的静态 SerialNum.get() 方法的每个线程维护了一个“序列号”，该方法将返回当前线程的序列号。（线程的序列号是在第一次调用 SerialNum.get() 时分配的，并在后续调用中不会更改。）
[java] view plaincopyprint?
01.public class SerialNum {
02. // The next serial number to be assigned
03. private static int nextSerialNum = 0;
04.
05. private static ThreadLocal serialNum = new ThreadLocal() {
06. protected synchronized Object initialValue() {
07. return new Integer(nextSerialNum++);
08. }
09. };
10.
11. public static int get() {
12. return ((Integer) (serialNum.get())).intValue();
13. }
14.}
public class SerialNum {
// The next serial number to be assigned
private static int nextSerialNum = 0;
private static ThreadLocal serialNum = new ThreadLocal() {
protected synchronized Object initialValue() {
return new Integer(nextSerialNum++);
}
};
public static int get() {
return ((Integer) (serialNum.get())).intValue();
}
}
【例】
public class ThreadContext {
private String userId;
private Long transactionId;
private static ThreadLocal threadLocal = new ThreadLocal(){
@Override
protected ThreadContext initialValue() {
return new ThreadContext();
}
};
public static ThreadContext get() {
return threadLocal.get();
}
public String getUserId() {
return userId;
}
public void setUserId(String userId) {
this.userId = userId;
}
public Long getTransactionId() {
return transactionId;
}
public void setTransactionId(Long transactionId) {
this.transactionId = transactionId;
}
}
用法二：在Util类中创建ThreadLocal
这是上面用法的扩展，即把ThreadLocal的创建放到工具类中。
【例】例如Hibernate的工具类：
public class HibernateUtil {
private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HibernateUtil.class);
private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory; //定义SessionFactory
static {
try {
// 通过默认配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml创建SessionFactory
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
log.error("初始化SessionFactory失败！", ex);
throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);
}
}
//创建线程局部变量session，用来保存Hibernate的Session
public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();
/**
* 获取当前线程中的Session
* @return Session
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {
Session s = (Session) session.get();
// 如果Session还没有打开，则新开一个Session
if (s == null) {
s = sessionFactory.openSession();
session.set(s); //将新开的Session保存到线程局部变量中
}
return s;
}
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
//获取线程局部变量，并强制转换为Session类型
Session s = (Session) session.get();
session.set(null);
if (s != null)
s.close();
}
}
用法三：在Runnable中创建ThreadLocal
还有一种用法是在线程类内部创建ThreadLocal，基本步骤如下：
1、在多线程的类（如ThreadDemo类）中，创建一个ThreadLocal对象threadXxx，用来保存线程间需要隔离处理的对象xxx。
2、在ThreadDemo类中，创建一个获取要隔离访问的数据的方法getXxx()，在方法中判断，若ThreadLocal对象为null时候，应该new()一个隔离访问类型的对象，并强制转换为要应用的类型。
3、在ThreadDemo类的run()方法中，通过调用getXxx()方法获取要操作的数据，这样可以保证每个线程对应一个数据对象，在任何时刻都操作的是这个对象。
public class ThreadLocalTest implements Runnable{
ThreadLocal<Studen> studenThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Studen>();
@Override
public void run() {
String currentThreadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " is running...");
Random random = new Random();
int age = random.nextInt(100);
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " is set age: " + age);
Studen studen = getStudent(); //通过这个方法，为每个线程都独立的new一个student对象，每个线程的的student对象都可以设置不同的值
studen.setAge(age);
System.out.println(currentThreadName + " is first get age: " + studen.getAge());
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println( currentThreadName + " is second get age: " + studen.getAge());
}
private Studen getStudent() {
Studen studen = studenThreadLocal.get();
if (null == studen) {
studen = new Studen();
studenThreadLocal.set(studen);
}
return studen;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadLocalTest t = new ThreadLocalTest();
Thread t1 = new Thread(t,"Thread A");
Thread t2 = new Thread(t,"Thread B");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
class Studen{
int age;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}