实验环境:CentOS7
实验步骤：
- 安装httpd服务：yum -y install httpd
- 关闭SELinux：setenforce 0
- 禁用防火墙策略：iptables -F
- 启动httpd服务：systemctl start httpd
- 启动进程后，在不重启服务的情况下，生效对配置文件的修改(用kill -1)：kill -1 PID(httpd)
[root@localhost ~]#yum -y install httpd #安装httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd #查看httpd服务的启动状态 ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) [root@localhost ~]#systemctl reload httpd #重新加载httpd服务 Job for httpd.service invalid. [root@localhost ~]#netstat -ntl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl start httpd #启动httpd服务 [root@localhost ~]#systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-05-09 10:52:27 CST; 26s ago Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) Main PID: 44037 (httpd) Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec" CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─44037 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─44038 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─44039 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─44040 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─44041 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND └─44042 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND May 09 10:52:27 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... May 09 10:52:27 localhost.localdomain httpd[44037]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determin...ge May 09 10:52:27 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]#netstat -ntlp #查看80端口是否启动
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2257/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 946/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2159/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 35010/sshd: root@pt
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 35946/sshd: root@pt
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 44037/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1001/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 946/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2159/master
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 35010/sshd: root@pt
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 35946/sshd: root@pt
[root@localhost ~]#iptables -F #禁用防火墙策略
[root@localhost conf]#getenforce #关闭SELinux
Enforcing
[root@localhost conf]#setenforce
usage: setenforce [ Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0 ]
[root@localhost conf]#setenforce 0
[root@localhost conf]#getenforce
Permissive
/var/www/html #网页主页的目录 [root@localhost ~]#cd /var [root@localhost var]#ls account cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool tmp yp adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run target www [root@localhost var]#cd www [root@localhost www]#ls cgi-bin html [root@localhost www]#cd html [root@localhost html]#ls [root@localhost html]#echo welcome to first magedu>index.html #添加主页文件和信息 [root@localhost html]#ls index.html [root@localhost html]#cat index.html welcome to first magedu
[root@localhost html]#cd /etc/httpd [root@localhost httpd]#ls conf conf.d conf.modules.d logs modules run [root@localhost httpd]#cd conf [root@localhost conf]#ls httpd.conf magic [root@localhost conf]#pwd /etc/httpd/conf #httpd服务的配置文件目录 [root@localhost conf]#ls httpd.conf magic [root@localhost conf]#file httpd.conf httpd.conf: ASCII text [root@localhost conf]#cat httpd.conf # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost> # directive. # # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses. # #Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80 Include conf.modules.d/*.conf # # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run # httpd as root initially and it will switch. # # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for # running httpd, as with most system services. # User apache Group apache # 'Main' server configuration # # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main' # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file. # # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers, # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the # virtual host being defined. # # # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such # as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com # ServerAdmin root@localhost # # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup. # # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here. # #ServerName www.example.com:80 # # Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must # explicitly permit access to web content directories in other # <Directory> blocks below. # <Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all denied </Directory> # # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it # below. # # # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. # DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" #可修改主页的目录 # # Relax access to content within /var/www. # <Directory "/var/www"> AllowOverride None # Allow open access: Require all granted </Directory> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks # # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords: # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit # AllowOverride None # # Controls who can get stuff from this server. # Require all granted </Directory> # # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory # is requested. # <IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html </IfModule> # # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being # viewed by Web clients. # <Files ".ht*"> Require all denied </Files> # # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. # ErrorLog "logs/error_log" # # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. # LogLevel warn <IfModule log_config_module> # # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with # a CustomLog directive (see below). # LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> # # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format). # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost> # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do* # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be # logged therein and *not* in this file. # #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common # # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive. # CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> # # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client # will make a new request for the document at its new location. # Example: # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar # # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot. # Example: # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path # # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to # the filesystem path. # # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias # directives as to Alias. # ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> # # "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured. # <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule mime_module> # # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from # filename extension to MIME-type. # TypesConfig /etc/mime.types # # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types. # #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz # # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this. # #AddEncoding x-compress .Z #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz # # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz # # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers": # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server # or added with the Action directive (see below) # # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories: # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.) # #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi # For type maps (negotiated resources): #AddHandler type-map var # # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client. # # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI): # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.) # AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml </IfModule> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 <IfModule mime_magic_module> # # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located. # MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> # # Customizable error responses come in three flavors: # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects # # Some examples: #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html # # # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it, # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver # files. This usually improves server performance, but must # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise # broken on your system. # Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off # #EnableMMAP off EnableSendfile on # Supplemental configuration # # Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any. IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf
[root@localhost conf]#kill -1 44037 #修改完配置文件后，重读配置文件