xtrabackup工具

实验环境：CentOS7

[root@~ localhost]#yum install percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm 
#创建备份目录：
[root@~ localhost]#mkdir -pv /data/backup
#创建可以进行备份的用户，只授予可备份的相关权限：
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'xtrabackup'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
#一定要赋予PROCESS的权限
MariaDB [(none)]> grant RELOAD,RELOAD,REPLICATION CLIENT,PROCESS,LOCK TABLES  on *.* to 'back'@'localhost';
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
#全量备份：
[root@~ localhost]#innobackupex --user back -p 123456 /data/backup/


#附：收回权限：
MariaDB [(none)]> revoke PROCESS  on *.* from 'back'@'localhost';
#附：查看用户所拥有的权限；
MariaDB [(none)]>  show grants for 'back'@'localhost';  

#附：查看表的存储引擎
MariaDB [(none)]> show table statusG;

 #全量恢复：

#备份恢复的时候最好关闭二进制日志：

MariaDB [hellodb]> set @@session.sql_log_bin=OFF;

#再另一台服务器上安装：
[root@~ localhost]#yum -y install mariadb-server percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.7-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
#创建临时还原目录：
[root@~ localhost]#mkdir -pv  /data/backup
#此时数据库的数据目录为空
[root@~ localhost]#cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@mysql localhost]#ls

#将备份数据文件发送给此台新服务器：
[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21
[root@backup localhost]#scp -rp 2017-07-14_12-09-21/ root@172.16.254.47:/data/backup/

[root@~ localhost]#cd /data/backup/
[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21
[root@backup localhost]#cd 2017-07-14_12-09-21/
[root@2017-07-14_12-09-21 localhost]#ls
backup-my.cnf  ibdata1  performance_schema  xtrabackup_binlog_info  xtrabackup_info
hellodb        mysql    test                xtrabackup_checkpoints  xtrabackup_logfile

#在此目录下做数据事务的合并和回滚等操作
[root@2017-07-14_12-09-21 localhost]#innobackupex --apply-log ./
170714 14:00:48 completed OK!
[root@2017-07-14_12-09-21 localhost]#ls
backup-my.cnf  ib_logfile1         test                          xtrabackup_info
hellodb        ibtmp1              xtrabackup_binlog_info        xtrabackup_logfile
ibdata1        mysql               xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
ib_logfile0    performance_schema  xtrabackup_checkpoints

#数据的还原
[root@2017-07-14_12-09-21 localhost]#innobackupex --copy-back ./
170714 14:04:07 completed OK!

[root@~ localhost]#cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@mysql localhost]#ll
total 40976
drwxr-x---. 2 root root      272 Jul 14 14:04 hellodb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18874368 Jul 14 14:04 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  5242880 Jul 14 14:04 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 root root  5242880 Jul 14 14:04 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Jul 14 14:04 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root     4096 Jul 14 14:04 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root     4096 Jul 14 14:04 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root       20 Jul 14 14:04 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root       26 Jul 14 14:04 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r-----. 1 root root      471 Jul 14 14:04 xtrabackup_info

[root@mysql localhost]#chown -R mysql.mysql ./*
#启动数据库，检查数据，并做全量备份
[root@2017-07-14_12-09-21 localhost]#systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@2017-07-14_12-09-21 localhost]#innobackupex -u root  /data/backup/

#经过一段时间的写操作，数据库发生数据变化，然后做增量备份：

#刚做完全量备份的源数据库的信息
MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |    18667 
#写操作后的二进制日志信息：
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |    19150 |     

root@mysql localhost]#cd /data/backup/
[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21

[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex -u back -p 123456 --incremental /data/backup/ --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/2017-07-14_12-09-21/
170714 14:37:45 completed OK!

#继续写操作，再次进行增量备份，这次增量是基于上一次的增量：
[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21  2017-07-14_14-37-28
[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex -u back -p 123456 --incremental /data/backup/ --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/2017-07-14_14-37-28/
170714 14:52:18 completed OK!
[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21  2017-07-14_14-37-28  2017-07-14_14-52-08
MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |    19261 |

#加上二进制日志的备份，此处继续写操作，但不备份，使用二进制进行还原：

MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| master-bin.000003 |    19373 

#通过下面的文件查看第二次增量备份后，是从哪个日志序列号开始的二进制日志：
[root@backup localhost]#cd 2017-07-14_14-52-08/
[root@2017-07-14_14-52-08 localhost]#ls
backup-my.cnf  ibdata1.meta        xtrabackup_binlog_info  xtrabackup_logfile
hellodb        mysql               xtrabackup_checkpoints
ibdata1.delta  performance_schema  xtrabackup_info
[root@2017-07-14_14-52-08 localhost]#less xtrabackup_binlog_info 
master-bin.000003       19261 #是从此开始

[root@2017-07-14_14-52-08 localhost]#cd /var/lib/mysql/
[root@mysql localhost]#ls
aria_log.00000001  ibdata1      master-bin.000001  master-bin.index  performance_schema
aria_log_control   ib_logfile0  master-bin.000002  mysql
hellodb            ib_logfile1  master-bin.000003  mysql.sock

[root@mysql localhost]#mysqlbinlog -j 19261 master-bin.000003 > /data/backup/binlog-$(date +%F).sql

[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21  2017-07-14_14-37-28  2017-07-14_14-52-08  binlog-2017-07-14.sql

#接下来在另一数据库做增量恢复和二进制日志的恢复（恢复时数据库是不能启动的）：

[root@backup localhost]#scp -rp 2017-07-14_14-37-28/ 2017-07-14_14-52-08/ binlog-2017-07-14.sql  root@172.16.254.47:/data/backup/


#先全量做合并，然后其余进行合并；最后回滚
[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21  2017-07-14_14-37-28  2017-07-14_14-52-08  binlog-2017-07-14.sql


[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2017-07-14_12-09-21
170714 15:14:19 completed OK!


[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2017-07-14_12-09-21  --incremental-dir=2017-07-14_14-37-28
170714 15:19:30 completed OK!

[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2017-07-14_12-09-21  --incremental-dir=2017-07-14_14-52-08
170714 15:20:02 completed OK!

[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex --apply-log 2017-07-14_12-09-21
170714 15:25:12 completed OK!

#恢复：
[root@backup localhost]#innobackupex --copy-back 2017-07-14_12-09-21

[root@mysql localhost]#chown -R mysql.mysql *

[root@mysql localhost]#systemctl start mariadb.service

[root@backup localhost]#ls
2017-07-14_12-09-21  2017-07-14_14-37-28  2017-07-14_14-52-08  binlog-2017-07-14.sql
[root@backup localhost]#mysql -p < binlog-2017-07-14.sql 
[root@backup localhost]#mysql -p
#检查数据，保证恢复没有问题