Hive的Security配置

为了更好地使用好Hive，我将《Programming Hive》的Security章节取出来，翻译了一下。

Hive还是支持相当多的权限管理功能，满足一般数据仓库的使用。

Hive由一个默认的设置来配置新建文件的默认权限。

<property>
  <name>hive.files.umask.value</name>
  <value>0002</value>
  <description>The dfs.umask value for the hive created folders</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.files.umask.value</name>
  <value>0002</value>
  <description>The dfs.umask value for the hive created folders</description>
</property>

 当hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks属性被设置成true时，
Hive将会阻止没有权限的用户进行表删除操作。
不过这个配置的默认值是false，应该设置成true

<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks</name>
  <value>true</value>
  <description>Should the metastore do authorization checks against
  the underlying storage for operations like drop-partition (disallow
  the drop-partition if the user in question doesn't have permissions
  to delete the corresponding directory on the storage).</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.metastore.authorization.storage.checks</name>
  <value>true</value>
  <description>Should the metastore do authorization checks against
  the underlying storage for operations like drop-partition (disallow
  the drop-partition if the user in question doesn't have permissions
  to delete the corresponding directory on the storage).</description>
</property>

 同时，Hive会尽可能地将hive.metastore.execute.setugi设置成true。

 开启Hive的身份认证功能，默认是false

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.enabled</name>
  <value>true</value>
  <description>Enable or disable the hive client authorization</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.enabled</name> 
  <value>true</value>
  <description>Enable or disable the hive client authorization</description>
</property>

 另外还有一个是表格创建者用于的权限配置项：

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name>
  <value>ALL</value>
  <description>The privileges automatically granted to the owner whenever
  a table gets created.An example like "select,drop" will grant select
  and drop privilege to the owner of the table</description>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name>
  <value>ALL</value>
  <description>The privileges automatically granted to the owner whenever
  a table gets created.An example like "select,drop" will grant select
  and drop privilege to the owner of the table</description>
</property>

 这个配置默认是NULL，我们建议将其设置成ALL，让用户能够访问自己创建的表。

试验，在命令行环境开启用户认证

hive> set hive.security.authorization.enabled=true;
hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key int, value string);
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Create' found for outputs { database:default}.
Use show grant to get more details.

hive> set hive.security.authorization.enabled=true;
hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key int, value string);
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Create' found for outputs { database:default}.
Use show grant to get more details.

 我们可以看到，建表需要权限了。
权限可以授予给不同的主题，如用户(USER)，组(GROUP)，角色(ROLES)

现在我们通过授权方式，将权限授予给当前用户：

hive> set system:user.name;
system:user.name=edward
hive> GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE default TO USER edward;
hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key INT, value STRING);

hive> set system:user.name;
system:user.name=edward
hive> GRANT CREATE ON DATABASE default TO USER edward;
hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test (key INT, value STRING);

 这样就可以创建表了。

我们可以通过SHOW GRANT命令确认我们拥有的权限:

hive> SHOW GRANT USER edward ON DATABASE default;
database default
principalName edward
principalType USER
privilege Create
grantTime Mon Mar 19 09:18:10 EDT 2012
grantor edward

hive> SHOW GRANT USER edward ON DATABASE default;
database default
principalName edward
principalType USER
privilege Create
grantTime Mon Mar 19 09:18:10 EDT 2012
grantor edward

 当Hive里面用于N多用户和N多张表的时候，管理员给每个用户授权每张表会让他崩溃的。
所以，这个时候就可以进行组(GROUP)授权。
Hive里的用户组的定义等价于POSIX里面的用户组。

hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test_group(a int,b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:authorization_test_group, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> GRANT SELECT on table authorization_test_group to group edward;
hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
OK
Time taken: 0.119 seconds

hive> CREATE TABLE authorization_test_group(a int,b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:authorization_test_group, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> GRANT SELECT on table authorization_test_group to group edward;
hive> SELECT * FROM authorization_test_group;
OK
Time taken: 0.119 seconds

 当给用户组授权变得不够灵活的时候，角色(ROLES)就派上用途了。
用户可以被放在某个角色之中，然后角色可以被授权。
角色不同于用户组，是由Hadoop控制的，它是由Hive内部进行管理的。

hive> CREATE TABLE authentication_test_role (a int , b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:authentication_test_role, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> CREATE ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
hive> GRANT ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role TO USER edward;
hive> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE authentication_test_role
> TO ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
OK
Time taken: 0.103 seconds

hive> CREATE TABLE authentication_test_role (a int , b int);
hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Select' found for inputs
{ database:default, table:authentication_test_role, columnName:a}.
Use show grant to get more details.
hive> CREATE ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
hive> GRANT ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role TO USER edward;
hive> GRANT SELECT ON TABLE authentication_test_role
> TO ROLE users_who_can_select_authentication_test_role;
hive> SELECT * FROM authentication_test_role;
OK
Time taken: 0.103 seconds

介绍一下常用的授权关键字：

ALTER	更改表结构，创建分区
CREATE	创建表
DROP	删除表，或分区
INDEX	创建和删除索引
LOCK	锁定表，保证并发
SELECT	查询表权限
SHOW_DATABASE	查看数据库权限
UPDATE	为表加载本地数据的权限

 分区表级别的授权
默认情况下，分区表的授权将会跟随表的授权
当然，也可以给每一个分区建立一个授权机制，
只需要设置表的属性PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE设置成TRUE:

hive> ALTER TABLE authorization_part
> SET TBLPROPERTIES ("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"="TRUE");
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Alter' found for inputs
{database:default, table:authorization_part}.
Use show grant to get more details.

hive> ALTER TABLE authorization_part
> SET TBLPROPERTIES ("PARTITION_LEVEL_PRIVILEGE"="TRUE");
Authorization failed:No privilege 'Alter' found for inputs
{database:default, table:authorization_part}.
Use show grant to get more details.

 自动授权
属性hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants决定了
建表者对表拥有的权限，一版情况下，有select和drop

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name>
  <value>select,drop</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.owner.grants</name>
  <value>select,drop</value>
</property>

类似的，特定的用户可以被在表创建的时候自动授予其权限。

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.user.grants</name>
  <value>admin1,edward:select;user1:create</value>
</property>

<property>
  <name>hive.security.authorization.createtable.user.grants</name>
  <value>admin1,edward:select;user1:create</value>
</property>

 当表建立的时候，管理员admin1和用户edward授予读所有表的权限。
而user1只能创建表。

同样的配置也可以作用于组授权和角色授权
hive.security.authorization.createtable.group.grants
hive.security.authorization.createtable.role.grants

转自 http://dacoolbaby.iteye.com/blog/1829545