CAAnimation动画

具有动画效果的keyPath 

     //CATransform3D Key Paths : (example)transform.rotation.z
     //rotation.x
     //rotation.y
     //rotation.z
     //rotation 旋轉
     //scale.x
     //scale.y
     //scale.z
     //scale 缩放
     //translation.x
     //translation.y
     //translation.z
     //translation 平移
     //CGPoint Key Paths : (example)position.x
     //x
     //y
     //CGRect Key Paths : (example)bounds.size.width
     //origin.x
     //origin.y
     //origin
     //size.width
     //size.height
     //size
     //opacity
     //backgroundColor
     //cornerRadius 
     //borderWidth
     //contents 
     //Shadow Key Path:
     //shadowColor 
     //shadowOffset 
     //shadowOpacity 
     //shadowRadius

CATransition

@property(copy) NSString *type;//转场动画的类型
@property(nullable, copy) NSString *subtype;//转场动画去往的方向
@property float startProgress;//开始的位置进度【0，1】
@property float endProgress;//结束的位置进度【0，1】
@property(nullable, strong) id filter;//为动画添加可选滤镜，必须同时支持x和y，设置后type和subtype失效（iOS5.0之后支持，默认值是nil）

/* Common transition types. */

CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFade//淡出效果
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionMoveIn//新视图移动到旧视图上
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionPush//新视图退出旧视图
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionReveal//移开旧视图显示新视图
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);

/* Common transition subtypes. */

CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromRight//从右侧转场
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromLeft//从右侧转场
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromTop//从顶部转场
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCATransitionFromBottom//从底部转场
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);

私有的type
["cube", "suckEffect", "rippleEffect", "pageCurl", "pageUnCurl", "oglFlip", "cameraIrisHollowOpen", 
 "cameraIrisHollowClose", "spewEffect","genieEffect","unGenieEffect","twist","tubey","swirl","charminUltra", 
"zoomyIn", "zoomyOut", "oglApplicationSuspend"]

- (void)setTransitionAni{
    CATransition *ani = [CATransition animation];
    ani.type = kCATransitionFade;
    ani.subtype = kCATransitionFromLeft;
    ani.duration = 1.3;
    self.imageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];
    [self.imageView.layer addAnimation:ani forKey:@"transition"];
}

CAAnimationGroup

- (void)setGroupAni{
    CAAnimationGroup *ani = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
    
    CABasicAnimation *basicAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
    basicAni.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectMake(300,200, 200, 150)];

    CABasicAnimation *boundxAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"bounds"];
    boundxAni.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectMake(300,200, 100, 100)];

    CABasicAnimation *opAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"opacity"];
    opAni.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:.5];

    ani.animations = @[basicAni,boundxAni,opAni];
    ani.duration = 1;
    ani.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
    ani.removedOnCompletion = NO;
    ani.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
    [self.imageView.layer addAnimation:ani forKey:@"groupAni"];
}

CAKeyframeAnimation

　　关键帧动画，可以设置每一帧的时间，坐标；也可以设置动画的路径path。

@property(nullable, copy) NSArray *values;//关键帧数组对象 1
@property(nullable) CGPathRef path;//动画路径对象 2(只对layer的anchorPoint或position属性起作用)
@property(nullable, copy) NSArray<NSNumber *> *keyTimes;//关键帧时间数组(值是0-1)1
@property(nullable, copy) NSArray<CAMediaTimingFunction *> *timingFunctions;//关键帧速率样式数组1
@property(copy) NSString *calculationMode;//值可以是'discrete', 'linear', 'paced', 'cubic'和'cubicPaced'。默认值是linear。2(对anchorPoint和position进行的动画)
@property(nullable, copy) NSArray<NSNumber *> *tensionValues;//动画的张力【-1，1】
@property(nullable, copy) NSArray<NSNumber *> *continuityValues;//动画的连续性值
@property(nullable, copy) NSArray<NSNumber *> *biasValues;//动画的偏斜率
@property(nullable, copy) NSString *rotationMode;//做动画的时候沿着路径的切线方向

　　kCAAnimationLinear calculationMode的默认值,表示当关键帧为座标点的时候,关键帧之间直接直线相连进行插值计算; 

　　kCAAnimationDiscrete 离散的,就是不进行插值计算,所有关键帧直接逐个进行显示; 

　　kCAAnimationPaced 使得动画均匀进行,而不是按keyTimes设置的或者按关键帧平分时间,此时keyTimes和timingFunctions无效; 

　　kCAAnimationCubic 对关键帧为座标点的关键帧进行圆滑曲线相连后插值计算,对于曲线的形状还可以通过tensionValues,continuityValues,biasValues来进行调整自定义,这里的数学原理是Kochanek–Bartels spline,这里的主要目的是使得运行的轨迹变得圆滑; 

　　kCAAnimationCubicPaced 看这个名字就知道和kCAAnimationCubic有一定联系,其实就是在kCAAnimationCubic的基础上使得动画运行变得均匀,就是系统时间内运动的距离相同,此时keyTimes以及timingFunctions也是无效的.

/* `calculationMode' strings. */

CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationLinear
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationDiscrete
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationPaced
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationCubic
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.7, 4.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationCubicPaced
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.7, 4.0, 9.0, 2.0);

/* `rotationMode' strings. */

CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationRotateAuto//自动旋转
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);
CA_EXTERN NSString * const kCAAnimationRotateAutoReverse//自动翻转
    CA_AVAILABLE_STARTING (10.5, 2.0, 9.0, 2.0);

- (void)setKeyframeAni{
    CAKeyframeAnimation *keyAni = [CAKeyframeAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"];
    keyAni.duration = 3;
    keyAni.removedOnCompletion = NO;
    keyAni.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
    keyAni.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseOut];
//    keyAni.timingFunctions
    NSValue * value1 = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(150, 200)];
    NSValue *value2=[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(250, 200)];
    NSValue *value3=[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(250, 300)];
    NSValue *value4=[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(150, 300)];
    NSValue *value5=[NSValue valueWithCGPoint:CGPointMake(150, 200)];
    keyAni.values = @[value1, value2, value3, value4, value5];
    [self.imageView.layer addAnimation:keyAni forKey:@"keyAni"];
}

CABasicAnimation

　　CABasicAnimation可以看做是一种CAKeyframeAnimation的简单动画，只有两个关键帧动画，且是匀速直线运动。

@property(nullable, strong) id fromValue;//改变到指定位置再复位
@property(nullable, strong) id toValue;//改变到指定位置
@property(nullable, strong) id byValue;//在原来基础上增加改变量

- (void)setBasicAni{
    CABasicAnimation *basicAni = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position.x"];
    basicAni.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectMake(150,100, 200, 150)];
    basicAni.removedOnCompletion = NO;
    basicAni.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
    [self.imageView.layer addAnimation:basicAni forKey:@"basicAni"];
}

CATransaction(事务：是核心动画里的一个单元)

　　事务分为隐式和显式：

　　1.隐式：没有明显调用事务的方法，由系统自动生成事务。比如直接设置一个layer的position属性，则会在当前线程自动生成一个事务，并在下一个runLoop中自动commit事务。

　　2.显式：明显调用事务的方法（[CATransaction begin]和[CATransaction commit]）。

- (void)catransactionAni{
    [CATransaction begin];
    [CATransaction setAnimationDuration:2];
    [CATransaction setAnimationTimingFunction:[CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut]];
    self.imageView.layer.opacity =.3;
    [CATransaction commit];
}

CASpringAnimation　　

@property CGFloat mass;//质量（影响弹簧的惯性，质量越大，弹簧惯性越大，运动的幅度越大）
@property CGFloat stiffness;//弹性系数（弹性系数越大，弹簧的运动越快）
@property CGFloat damping;//阻尼系数（阻尼系数越大，弹簧的停止越快）
@property CGFloat initialVelocity;//初始速度（弹簧动画的初始速度大小，弹簧运动的初始方向与初始速率的正负一致，若初始速递为0，表示忽略该属性）
@property(readonly) CFTimeInterval settlingDuration;//结束时间（只读）

- (void)setSpringAni{
    CASpringAnimation *ani = [CASpringAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"bounds"];
    ani.mass = 8.0;
    ani.stiffness = 2000;
    ani.damping = 120.0;
    ani.initialVelocity = 4.f;
    ani.duration = ani.settlingDuration;
    ani.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGRect:CGRectMake(50,150, 300, 250)];
    ani.removedOnCompletion = NO;
    ani.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
    ani.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
    [self.imageView.layer addAnimation:ani forKey:@"springAni"];
}