Visual C++ 2008入门经典 第七章 自定义数据类型 简单

// 第七章 自定义数据类型
// 没有该章ppt,只能直接按实例学习了

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace System;

//01自定义数据结构
/*struct RECTANGLE
{
     int Left;
	 int Top;

	 int Right;
	 int Bottom;
};
//计算矩形的面积
long Area(RECTANGLE& aRect);
void MoveRect(RECTANGLE& aRect, int x, int y);
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{

	RECTANGLE Yard = {0, 0, 100, 120};
	RECTANGLE Pool = {30, 40, 70, 80};
	RECTANGLE Hut1, Hut2;

	Hut1.Left = 70;
	Hut1.Top = 10;
	Hut1.Right = Hut1.Left + 25;
	Hut1.Bottom = 30;

	Hut2 = Hut1;
	MoveRect(Hut2, 10, 90);

	cout<<"移动 Hut2后:"<<Hut2.Left<<", "<<Hut2.Top<<" AND "<<Hut2.Right<<", "<<Hut2.Bottom<<endl;

	cout<<"计算 Yard的面积是:"<<Area(Yard)<<endl;

	cout<<"计算poll的面积是:"<<Area(Pool)<<endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}
long Area(RECTANGLE& aRect)
{
    return static_cast<long>((aRect.Right - aRect.Left) * (aRect.Bottom-aRect.Top));
	//return 0.0;
}
//移动矩形
void MoveRect(RECTANGLE& aRect, int x, int y)
{
	int length = aRect.Right - aRect.Left;
	int width = aRect.Bottom - aRect.Top;

	aRect.Left = x;
	aRect.Top = y;
	aRect.Right = x + length;
	aRect.Bottom = y + width;
	return;
}
*/

//02 创建和使用类
/*class CBox
{
public:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box1;
	CBox box2;

	double boxVolume = 0.0;
	box1.m_Height =18.0;
	box1.m_Length = 78.0;
	box1.m_Width = 24.0;

	box2.m_Height = box1.m_Height - 10;  //8.0
	box2.m_Length = box1.m_Length / 2.0; //39
	box2.m_Width = box1.m_Length * 0.25; //19.5
	boxVolume = box1.m_Height * box1.m_Length*box1.m_Width;

	cout<<" Volume of box1 = "<<boxVolume<<endl;

	cout<<" box2 has sides which total "<<box2.m_Height + box2.m_Length + box2.m_Width<<endl;

	cout<<" A CBox object occupies "<<sizeof box1<<" bytes."<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/

//03 一个成员函数的一个盒子的体积计算
/*class CBox
{
public:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
	
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box1;
	CBox box2;

	double boxVolume = 0.0;
	box1.m_Height =18.0;
	box1.m_Length = 78.0;
	box1.m_Width = 24.0;

	box2.m_Height = box1.m_Height - 10;  //8.0
	box2.m_Length = box1.m_Length / 2.0; //39
	box2.m_Width = box1.m_Length * 0.25; //19.5
	
	boxVolume = box1.Volume();

	cout<<" Volume of box1 = "<<boxVolume<<endl;
	cout<<" box2 has sides which total "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;
	cout<<" A CBox object occupies "<<sizeof box1<<" bytes."<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


//04 使用构造函数
/*class CBox
{
public:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
	
	CBox(double lv, double bv, double hv)
	{
	    m_Length = lv;
		m_Width = bv;
		m_Height = hv;
	}

	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box1(78.0, 24.0, 18.0);
	CBox box2(8.0, 5.0, 1.0);
	double boxVolume = 0.0;

	boxVolume = box1.Volume();
	cout<<"Volume of box1 = "<<boxVolume<<endl;

	cout<<"Volume of box2 = "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


//05 默认构造函数
/*class CBox
{
public:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
	
	CBox(double lv, double bv, double hv)
	{
		cout<<"带三个参数的构造函数"<<endl;
	    m_Length = lv;
		m_Width = bv;
		m_Height = hv;
	}
	CBox()
	{
	    cout<<"默认构造函数"<<endl;
	}

	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box1(78.0, 24.0, 18.0);
	CBox box2;
	CBox cigarBox(8.0, 5.0, 1.0);
	double boxVolume = 0.0;

	boxVolume = box1.Volume();
	cout<<"Volume of box1 = "<<boxVolume<<endl;

	box2.m_Height = box1.m_Height - 10;
	box2.m_Length = box1.m_Length / 2.0;
	box2.m_Width = 0.25 * box1.m_Length;
	cout<<"Volume of box2 = "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;

	cout<<"Volume of cigarBox = "<<cigarBox.Volume()<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/

//06 提供默认构造函数的参数值
/*class CBox
{
public:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
	
	CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	{
		cout<<"带三个参数的构造函数"<<endl;
	    m_Length = lv;
		m_Width = bv;
		m_Height = hv;
	}
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box2;
	cout<<"Volume of box2 = "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;
    system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


//07 类的私有成员
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0):m_Length(lv),m_Width(bv),m_Height(hv)
	{
	}
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box2;
	cout<<"Volume of box2 = "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;
	
	CBox match(2.2, 1.1, 0.5);
	cout<<"Volume of match = "<<match.Volume()<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/

//08  创建一类的友元函数
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0):m_Length(lv),m_Width(bv),m_Height(hv)
	{
	}
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
	friend double BoxSurface(CBox aBox);
};

double BoxSurface(CBox aBox)
{
    return 2.0 * (aBox.m_Length * aBox.m_Width + aBox.m_Length*aBox.m_Height + aBox.m_Height*aBox.m_Width);
}

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box2;
	cout<<"Volume of box2 = "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;
	cout<<"Surface area of box2 = "<<BoxSurface(box2)<<endl;

	CBox match(2.2, 1.1, 0.5);
	cout<<"Volume of match = "<<match.Volume()<<endl;
	cout<<"Surface area of match = "<<BoxSurface(match)<<endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


//09 初始化一个对象的对象相同的类
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0):m_Length(lv),m_Width(bv),m_Height(hv)
	{
	}
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box1(78.0, 24.0, 18.0);
	CBox box2 = box1;
	cout<<"box1 volume = "<<box1.Volume()<<endl;
	cout<<"box2 volume = "<<box2.Volume()<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/

//10 使用指针
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0):m_Length(lv),m_Width(bv),m_Height(hv)
	{
	}
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}

	//如果当前类大于xBox类的值返回true
	int Compare(CBox xBox)
	{
	    return this->Volume() > xBox.Volume();
	}

private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox box1(2.2, 1.1, 0.5);
	CBox box2(8.0, 5.0, 1.0);
	if(box1.Compare(box2))
	{
	   cout<<"box1 大于 box2"<<endl;
	}else{
	   cout<<"box1 小于 box2"<<endl;
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


// 11 使用数组类对象
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	//CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	//如果也像上面一样进默认值的话，那么跟下面的默认构造函数一样了
	CBox(double lv, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	{
		m_Length = lv;
		m_Width = bv;
		m_Height = hv;
	}

	CBox()
	{
	   m_Length = m_Width = m_Height = 1.0;
	}
	//返回值不能修改的
	double Volume()const
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
	//如果当前类大于xBox类的值返回true
	int Compare(CBox xBox)
	{
	    return this->Volume() > xBox.Volume();
	}

private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox boxes[5];
	CBox cigar(8.0, 5.0, 1.0);
	cout<<"Volume of boxes[3] = "<<boxes[3].Volume()<<endl;
	cout<<"Volume of cigar = "<<cigar.Volume()<<endl;	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/

//12 使用静态数据成员的类
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	static int ObjectCount;
	//CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	//如果也像上面一样进默认值的话，那么跟下面的默认构造函数一样了
	CBox(double lv, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	{
		m_Length = lv;
		m_Width = bv;
		m_Height = hv;
		ObjectCount++;
	}

	CBox()
	{
	   m_Length = m_Width = m_Height = 1.0;
	   ObjectCount++;
	}
	//返回值不能修改的
	double Volume()const
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
	//如果当前类大于xBox类的值返回true
	int Compare(CBox xBox)
	{
	    return this->Volume() > xBox.Volume();
	}

private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};
int CBox::ObjectCount = 0;

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox boxes[5];
	CBox cigar(8.0, 5.0, 1.0);
	cout<<"Volume of boxes[3] = "<<boxes[3].Volume()<<endl;
	cout<<"boxes[3] CBox::ObjectCount = "<<CBox::ObjectCount<<endl;
	cout<<"Volume of cigar = "<<cigar.Volume()<<endl;	
	cout<<"cigar CBox::ObjectCount = "<<cigar.ObjectCount<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


//13 行使间接成员访问运算符
/*class CBox
{
public:	
	static int ObjectCount;
	//CBox(double lv=1.0, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	//如果也像上面一样进默认值的话，那么跟下面的默认构造函数一样了
	CBox(double lv, double bv=1.0, double hv=1.0)
	{
		m_Length = lv;
		m_Width = bv;
		m_Height = hv;
		ObjectCount++;
	}

	CBox()
	{
	   m_Length = m_Width = m_Height = 1.0;
	   ObjectCount++;
	}
	//返回值不能修改的
	double Volume()const
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
	//如果当前类大于xBox类的值返回true
	int Compare(CBox xBox)
	{
	    return this->Volume() > xBox.Volume();
	}

private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};
int CBox::ObjectCount = 0;

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox boxes[5];
	CBox match(2.2, 1.1, 0.5);
	CBox cigar(8.0, 5.0, 1.0);

	CBox* pB1 = &cigar;
	CBox* pB2 = 0;

	cout<<" Address of cigar is "<<pB1<<endl;
	cout<<" Volume of cigar is "<<pB1->Volume()<<endl;

	pB2 = &match;
	cout<<" Address of match is "<<pB2<<endl;
	cout<<" Volume of match is "<<pB2->Volume()<<endl;
	if(pB2->Compare(*pB1)){
	   cout<<"cigar 大于 match"<<endl;
	}else{
	   cout<<"cigar 小于 match"<<endl;
	}

	pB1 = boxes;
	boxes[2] = match;
	cout<<"Volume of boxes[2] is "<< (pB1 + 2)->Volume()<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/

//14 定义和使用一个值类型
/*value class Height
{
private:
	int feet;
	int inches;
public:
	Height(int ins)
	{
	   feet = ins / 12;
	   inches = ins % 12;
	}
	Height(int ft, int ins) : feet(ft), inches(ins){}
};

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
	Height myHeight = Height(6,3);
	Height^ yourHeight = Height(70);
	Height hisHeight = *yourHeight;

	Console::WriteLine(L"My height is {0}", myHeight); //这里咱出现的是类的名称，有点不清楚
	Console::WriteLine(L"Your height is {0}", yourHeight);
	Console::WriteLine(L"his height is {0}", hisHeight);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}*/


/*value class Height
{
private:
	int feet;
	int inches;
public:
	Height(int ins)
	{
	   feet = ins / 12;
	   inches = ins % 12;
	}
	Height(int ft, int ins) : feet(ft), inches(ins){}

	virtual String^ ToString() override
	{
	   return feet+L" feet "+ inches + L" inches";
	}
};

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
	Height myHeight = Height(6,3);
	Height^ yourHeight = Height(70);
	Height hisHeight = *yourHeight;

	Console::WriteLine(L"My height is: {0}", myHeight); //这里咱出现的是类的名称，有点不清楚
	Console::WriteLine(L"Your height is: {0}", yourHeight);
	Console::WriteLine(L"his height is: {0}", hisHeight);
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}*/


//15 使用Box引用类类型
/*ref class CBox
{
public:		
	CBox(): m_Length(1.0), m_Width(1.0), m_Height(1.0)
	{
	   Console::WriteLine(L"No-arg constructor called.");
	}
	CBox(double lv, double bv, double hv):m_Length(lv), m_Width(bv), m_Height(hv)
	{
		Console::WriteLine(L"Constructor called.");
	}
	double Volume()
	{
	    return m_Length * m_Width * m_Height;
	}
private:
	double m_Length;
	double m_Width;
	double m_Height;
};


int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    CBox^ aBox;
	CBox^ newBox = gcnew CBox(10, 15, 20);
	aBox = gcnew CBox;
	Console::WriteLine(L"Default box volume is {0}", aBox->Volume());
	Console::WriteLine(L"New box volume is {0}", newBox->Volume());
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}*/


//16  使用标量属性
/*value class Height
{
private:
	int feet;
	int inches;
	
	literal int inchesPerFoot = 12;
	literal double inchesToMeters = 2.54 / 100;

public:
	Height(int ins)
	{
	    feet = ins / inchesPerFoot;
		inches = ins % inchesPerFoot;
	}

	Height(int ft, int ins) : feet(ft), inches(ins){ }

	property double meters
	{
		double get()
		{
		    return inchesToMeters * (feet * inchesPerFoot + inches);
		}
	}

	virtual String^ ToString() override
	{
	    return feet + L" feet " + inches + L" inches ;";
	}
};

value class Weight
{
private:
	int lbs;
	int oz;

	literal int ouncesPerPound = 16;
	literal double lbsToKg = 1.0 / 2.2;

public:
	Weight(int pounds, int ounces)
	{
	    lbs = pounds;
		oz = ounces;
	}

	property int pounds
	{
		int get(){ return lbs;}
		void set(int value){ lbs = value; }
	}

	property int ounces
	{
		int get(){ return oz;}
		void set(int value){ oz = value;}
	}

	property double kilograms
	{
		double get(){ return lbsToKg*(lbs + oz/ouncesPerPound); }  
	}

	virtual String^ ToString() override
	{
	    return lbs + L" pounds " + oz + L" ounces ";
	}
};

ref class Person
{
private:
	Height ht;
	Weight wt;
public:
	property String^ Name;

	Person(String^ name, Height h, Weight w):ht(h),wt(w)
	{
	    Name = name;
	}
	Height getHeight(){ return ht;}
	Weight getWeight(){ return wt;}
};
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
	Weight hisWeight = Weight(185, 7);
	Height hisHeight = Height(6, 3);
	Person^ him = gcnew Person(L"Fred", hisHeight, hisWeight);

	Weight herWeight = Weight(105, 3);
	Height herHeight = Height(5, 2);
	Person^ her = gcnew Person(L"Freda", herHeight, herWeight);

	Console::WriteLine(L"She is {0}", her->Name);
	Console::WriteLine(L"Her weight is {0:F2} kilograms.", her->getWeight().kilograms);

	Console::WriteLine(L"Her height is {0} which is {1:F2} meters.", her->getHeight(), her->getHeight().meters);


	Console::WriteLine(L"He is {0}", him->Name);
	Console::WriteLine(L"His weight is {0}.", him->getWeight());
	Console::WriteLine(L"His height is {0} which is {1:F2} meters.", him->getHeight(), him->getHeight().meters);


    system("pause");
    return 0;
}*/


//17 默认的索引属性的定义和使用
/*ref class Name
{
private:
	array<String^>^ Names;
public:
	Name(...array<String^>^ names) : Names(names){ }
	
	property int NameCount
	{
		int get(){ return Names->Length;}
	}

	property String^ default[int]
	{
		String^ get(int index)
		{
		     if(index >= Names->Length)
				 throw gcnew Exception(L"Index out of range");
			 return Names[index];
		}
	}
}; 
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
	Name^ myName = gcnew Name(L"Ebenezer", L"Isaiah", L"Ezra", L"Inigo", L"Whelkwhistle");
	for(int i=0; i< myName->NameCount; i++)
	{
		Console::WriteLine(L"Name {0} is {1}", i+1, myName[i]);
	}
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}*/

//17A 随着集索引属性的能力增加
ref class Name
{
private:
	array<String^>^ Names;
public:
	Name(...array<String^>^ names) : Names(names){ }
	
	property int NameCount
	{
		int get(){ return Names->Length;}
	}

	property String^ default[int]
	{
		String^ get(int index)
		{
		     if(index >= Names->Length)
				 throw gcnew Exception(L"Index out of range");
			 return Names[index];
		}

		void set(int index, String^ name)
		{
		    if(index >= Names->Length)
				throw gcnew Exception(L"Index out of range");
			Names[index] = name;
		}
	}
	property wchar_t Initials[int]
	{
		wchar_t get(int index)
		{
		     if(index >= Names->Length)
				 throw gcnew Exception(L"Index out of range");
			 return Names[index][0];		
		}
	}
}; 
int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
	Name^ myName = gcnew Name(L"Ebenezer", L"Isaiah", L"Ezra", L"Inigo", L"Whelkwhistle");	
	
	myName[myName->NameCount - 1] = L"Oberwurst"; //修改最后一个值 这里应该是重载函数
	
	for(int i=0; i< myName->NameCount; i++)
	{
		Console::WriteLine(L"Name {0} is {1}", i+1, myName[i]);
	}

	Console::Write(L"The initials are:");
	for(int i=0; i<myName->NameCount; i++)
	{
		Console::Write(L" {0}", myName->Initials[i]);
	}
	Console::WriteLine();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

/*int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
    return 0;
}*/