MySQL介绍
MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发，目前属于 Oracle 旗下公司。MySQL 最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，在 WEB 应用方面MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件之一。
mysql是什么
mysql就是一个基于socket编写的C/S架构的软件
客户端软件
mysql自带：如mysql命令，mysqldump命令等
python模块：如pymysql
数据库管理软件分类
分两大类：
关系型：如sqllite，db2，oracle，access，sql server，MySQL，注意：sql语句通用
非关系型：mongodb，redis，memcache
可以简单的理解为：
关系型数据库需要有表结构
非关系型数据库是key-value存储的，没有表结构下载
访问https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/下载mysql5.6
下载后解压缩，看到如下目录
安装启动mysql
1.添加环境变量
【右键计算机】--》【属性】--》【高级系统设置】--》【高级】--》【环境变量】--》【在第二个内容框中找到 变量名为Path 的一行，双击】 --> 【将MySQL的bin目录路径追加到变值值中，用 ； 分割】
2.初始化
mysqld --initialize-insecure
3.启动MySQL服务
mysqld # 启动MySQL服务
4.启动MySQL客户端并连接MySQL服务
mysql -u root -p # 连接MySQL服务器打开一个终端输出mysqld启动服务，另一个终端输入mysql访问mysql，出现界面mysql > 说明启动mysql成功
5.查看mysql服务
tasklist |findstr mysql
将MySQL服务制作成windows服务
注意：--install前，必须用mysql启动命令的绝对路径 # 制作MySQL的Windows服务，在终端执行此命令： mysqld --install # 移除MySQL的Windows服务，在终端执行此命令： mysqld --remove 注册成服务之后，以后再启动和关闭MySQL服务时，仅需执行如下命令： # 启动MySQL服务 net start mysql # 关闭MySQL服务 net stop mysql
用管理员cmd输入命令
杀掉mysql进程，启动服务
启动与停止mysql服务
登录设置密码
C:Windowssystem32>mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> select user(); # 查看用户
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| ODBC@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
C:Windowssystem32>mysql -u root -p #使用root用户登录，默认密码为空
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
C:Windowssystem32>mysqladmin -u root -p password "123" #修改密码123
Enter password:
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
C:Windowssystem32>mysql -u root -p #用密码123登录数据库
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
C:Windowssystem32>mysqladmin -u root -p123 password "456" #修改密码为456
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
C:Windowssystem32>mysql -uroot -p456 #用密码456登录数据库
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user()
-> ;
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
破解密码
#1 关闭mysql
#2 在cmd中执行：mysqld --skip-grant-tables
#3 在cmd中执行：mysql
#4 执行如下sql：
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('') where user = 'root';
flush privileges;
#5 tskill mysqld #或taskkill -f /PID 进程号
#6 重新启动mysql
停止mysql服务，跳过授权方式启动
修改mysql服务器root密码
C:Users>mysql -uroot -p #使用空密码登录
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select user();
+--------+
| user() |
+--------+
| root@ |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user set password=password("111") where user="root" and host="localhost"; #修改密码
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges; #刷新权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
重启mysql服务器，使用新密码111登录
统一字符编码
强调：配置文件中的注释可以有中文，但是配置项中不能出现中文
#在mysql的解压目录下，新建my.ini,然后配置 #1. 在执行mysqld命令时，下列配置会生效，即mysql服务启动时生效 [mysqld] ;skip-grant-tables port=3306 character_set_server=utf8 default-storage-engine=innodb innodb_file_per_table=1 #解压的目录 basedir=C:pythonStudymysql5.6 #data目录 datadir=C:pythonStudymysql5.6data #在mysqld --initialize时，就会将初始数据存入此处指定的目录，在初始化之后，启动mysql时，就会去这个目录里找数据 #2. 针对客户端命令的全局配置，当mysql客户端命令执行时，下列配置生效 [client] port=3306 default-character-set=utf8 user=root password=111 #3. 只针对mysql这个客户端的配置，2中的是全局配置，而此处的则是只针对mysql这个命令的局部配置 [mysql] ;port=3306 ;default-character-set=utf8 user=egon password=4573
my.ini字符编码设置
#1. 修改配置文件 [mysqld] default-character-set=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 #mysql5.5以上：修改方式有所改动 [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 #2. 重启服务 #3. 查看修改结果： s show variables like '%char%'
windows mysql默认安装字符
修改mysql字符后，重启查看新设置的utf-8字符
