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  • Android C2DM学习

    一、基础知识

    当我们开发需要和服务器交互的应用程序时,基本上都需要获取服务器端的数据,比如《地震及时通》就需要及时获取服务器上最新的地震信息。要获取服务器上不定时更新的信息一般来说有两种方法,第一种是客户端使用Pull(拉)的方式,隔一段时间就去服务器上获取信息,看是否有更新的信息出现。第二种就是服务器使用Push(云端推送)的方式,当服务器端有新信息了,则把最新的信息Push到客户端上。

    虽然Pull和Push两种方式都能实现获取服务器端更新信息的功能,但是明显来说Push is better than pull。因为Pull方式不仅浪费客户端的流量,而且更浪费电量。

    Android从2.2版本开始增加了Cloud to Device Messaging(C2DM)框架,在系统中支持了Push功能,基于Android平台使用Push功能更加简单了。虽然C2dm目前还处在实验室阶段,不过小规模的使用是没有问题的。

    下面我们就来感受一下Android的C2dm功能。

    二、C2DM框架

    使用Android的C2DM功能有几个要求:

    1. 需要Android2.2及以上的系统版本。
    2. 使用C2DM功能的Android设备上需要设置好Google的账户。
    3. 需要在这里注册使用C2DM功能的用户邮箱账号(最好为C2DM单独注册一个Gmail邮箱账号)。

    接下来我们来看下C2dm的完整过程,这里借用一下Google官方推出的Chrome To Phone过程图来说明下。

    Chrome To Phone
    图1 C2DM操作过程图

    要使用C2DM来进行Push操作,基本上要使用以下6个步骤:

    1、注册:Android设备把使用C2DM功能的用户账户(比如android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com)和App名称发送给C2DM服务器。

    2、C2dm服务器会返回一个registration_id值给Android设备,设备需要保存这个registration_id值。

    3、Android设备把获得的registration_id和C2DM功能的用户账户(android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com)发送给自己的服务器,不过一般用户账户信息因为和服务器确定好的,所以不必发送。

    这样Android设备就完成了C2DM功能的注册过程,接下来就可以接收C2DM服务器Push过来的消息了。

    4、服务器获得数据。这里图中的例子Chrome To Phone,服务器接收到Chrome浏览器发送的数据。数据也可以是服务器本地产生的。这里的服务器是Google AppEngine(很好的一项服务,可惜在国内被屏了),要换成自己的服务器。服务器还要获取注册使用C2DM功能的用户账户(android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com)的ClientLogin权限Auth。

    5、服务器把要发送的数据和registration_id一起,并且头部带上获取的Auth,使用POST的方式发送给C2dm服务器。

    6、C2DM服务器会以Push的方式把数据发送给对应的Android设备,Android设备只要在程序中按之前和服务器商量好的格式从对应的key中获取数据即可。

    这样我们就大概明白了C2dm的工作流程,下面我们就结合一个实例来具体的说明以上6个步骤。

    三.实例开发

    我们要创建的程序名称为AndroidC2DMDemo,包名为com.ichliebephone.c2dm。

    开始之前我们先去C2DM网页上注册一下使用C2DM功能的用户账户。

    应用程序名
    图2 应用程序名

    其中应用程序名要填写带包名的完整名称,比如这里为om.ichliebephone.c2dm. AndroidC2DMDemo。

    注册C2DM账户
    图3 C2DM用户账户注册

    这里的contact邮箱使用一个你能接收到邮件的邮箱即可,下面的Role(sender)account邮箱最好单独注册一个Gmail邮箱来使用C2DM服务。我们这里使用的是专门注册的android.c2dm.deno@gmail.com邮箱。

    提交后,过一段时间就会收到Google发送过来的确认邮件,然后你就可以使用C2DM的Push服务了。

    介绍了这么多,我们先来快速完成一个实例,只完成Android设备端的注册部分,不包含向服务器发送registration_id和服务器向C2DM服务器发送数据的具体代码,这部分只是用Ubuntu下的curl命令来模拟,主要是快速亲自体验一下Push的结果。

    创建一个Android工程AndroidC2DMDemo,并且包含进Google的开源例子Chrome To Phone中的c2dm包com.google.android.c2dm,包中包含三个Java类,分别为:

    第一个类为C2DMBaseReceiver:

    package com.google.android.c2dm;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
    import android.app.AlarmManager;
    import android.app.IntentService;
    import android.app.PendingIntent;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.PowerManager;
    import android.util.Log;
     
    /**
     * Base class for C2D message receiver. Includes constants for the
     * strings used in the protocol.
     */
    /**
     * 接收和处理C2DM消息的基类
     * */
    public abstract class C2DMBaseReceiver extends IntentService {
        // 和C2DM Push的Intent内容相关
        // 重新向C2DM服务器注册
        private static final String C2DM_RETRY = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RETRY";
        // 向C2DM服务器注册后的回调处理
        public static final String REGISTRATION_CALLBACK_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION";
        // 接收到C2DM服务器的推送消息
        private static final String C2DM_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE";
     
        // Logging tag
        private static final String TAG = "C2DM";
     
        // Extras in the registration callback intents.
        // 向C2DM注册返回的intent中包含的key
        public static final String EXTRA_UNREGISTERED = "unregistered";
        public static final String EXTRA_ERROR = "error";
        public static final String EXTRA_REGISTRATION_ID = "registration_id";
        // 向C2DM注册出错的原因
        public static final String ERR_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE = "SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE";
        public static final String ERR_ACCOUNT_MISSING = "ACCOUNT_MISSING";
        public static final String ERR_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED = "AUTHENTICATION_FAILED";
        public static final String ERR_TOO_MANY_REGISTRATIONS = "TOO_MANY_REGISTRATIONS";
        public static final String ERR_INVALID_PARAMETERS = "INVALID_PARAMETERS";
        public static final String ERR_INVALID_SENDER = "INVALID_SENDER";
        public static final String ERR_PHONE_REGISTRATION_ERROR = "PHONE_REGISTRATION_ERROR";
     
        // wakelock
        private static final String WAKELOCK_KEY = "C2DM_LIB";
     
        private static PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
        private final String senderId;
     
        /**
         * The C2DMReceiver class must create a no-arg constructor and pass the
         * sender id to be used for registration.
         */
        public C2DMBaseReceiver(String senderId) {
            // senderId is used as base name for threads, etc.
            super(senderId);
            this.senderId = senderId;
        }
     
        // 下面几个是接收到C2DM Push过来的信息后的回调函数,都可以在继承的子类中处理
        /**
         * Called when a cloud message has been received.
         */
        /**
         * 接收到C2DM服务器Push的消息后的回调函数,需要在继承的子类中处理
         * */
        protected abstract void onMessage(Context context, Intent intent);
     
        /**
         * Called on registration error. Override to provide better error messages.
         * 
         * This is called in the context of a Service - no dialog or UI.
         */
        /**
         * 出错的回调函数
         * */
        public abstract void onError(Context context, String errorId);
     
        /**
         * Called when a registration token has been received.
         */
        /**
         * 注册后的回调函数
         * */
        public void onRegistered(Context context, String registrationId)
                throws IOException {
            // registrationId will also be saved
        }
     
        /**
         * Called when the device has been unregistered.
         */
        /**
         * 取消注册的回调函数
         * */
        public void onUnregistered(Context context) {
        }
     
        // IntentService的方法
        @Override
        public final void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
            try {
                Context context = getApplicationContext();
                if (intent.getAction().equals(REGISTRATION_CALLBACK_INTENT)) {
                    handleRegistration(context, intent);// 处理注册后的回调
                } else if (intent.getAction().equals(C2DM_INTENT)) {
                    onMessage(context, intent);// 处理C2DM Push消息的回调
                } else if (intent.getAction().equals(C2DM_RETRY)) {
                    C2DMessaging.register(context, senderId); // 重新注册
                }
            } finally {
                // Release the power lock, so phone can get back to sleep.
                // The lock is reference counted by default, so multiple
                // messages are ok.
     
                // If the onMessage() needs to spawn a thread or do something else,
                // it should use it's own lock.
                mWakeLock.release();
            }
        }
     
        /**
         * Called from the broadcast receiver. Will process the received intent,
         * call handleMessage(), registered(), etc. in background threads, with a
         * wake lock, while keeping the service alive.
         */
        static void runIntentInService(Context context, Intent intent) {
            if (mWakeLock == null) {
                // This is called from BroadcastReceiver, there is no init.
                PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) context
                        .getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
                mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
                        WAKELOCK_KEY);
            }
            mWakeLock.acquire();
     
            // Use a naming convention, similar with how permissions and intents are
            // used. Alternatives are introspection or an ugly use of statics.
            String receiver = context.getPackageName() + ".C2DMReceiver";
            intent.setClassName(context, receiver);
     
            context.startService(intent);
     
        }
     
        // 处理注册后的回调
        private void handleRegistration(final Context context, Intent intent) {
            final String registrationId = intent
                    .getStringExtra(EXTRA_REGISTRATION_ID);
            String error = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_ERROR);
            String removed = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_UNREGISTERED);
            Log.v(TAG, "handleRegistration");
            // 打印出接收到的registraton_id
            Log.v(TAG, "dmControl: registrationId = " + registrationId
                    + ", error = " + error + ", removed = " + removed);
            if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG)) {
                Log.d(TAG, "dmControl: registrationId = " + registrationId
                        + ", error = " + error + ", removed = " + removed);
            }
            if (removed != null) {
                // Remember we are unregistered
                C2DMessaging.clearRegistrationId(context);
                onUnregistered(context);
                return;
            } else if (error != null) {
                // we are not registered, can try again
                C2DMessaging.clearRegistrationId(context);
                // Registration failed
                Log.e(TAG, "Registration error " + error);
                onError(context, error);
                if ("SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE".equals(error)) {
                    long backoffTimeMs = C2DMessaging.getBackoff(context);
     
                    Log.d(TAG, "Scheduling registration retry, backoff = "
                            + backoffTimeMs);
                    Intent retryIntent = new Intent(C2DM_RETRY);
                    PendingIntent retryPIntent = PendingIntent
                            .getBroadcast(context, 0 /* requestCode */, retryIntent,
                                    0 /* flags */);
     
                    AlarmManager am = (AlarmManager) context
                            .getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
                    am.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, backoffTimeMs,
                            retryPIntent);
     
                    // Next retry should wait longer.
                    backoffTimeMs *= 2;
                    C2DMessaging.setBackoff(context, backoffTimeMs);
                }
            } else {
                try {
                    onRegistered(context, registrationId);
                    C2DMessaging.setRegistrationId(context, registrationId);
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "Registration error " + ex.getMessage());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    第二个类为C2DMBroadcastReceiver:

    package com.google.android.c2dm;
     
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
     
    /**
     * Helper class to handle BroadcastReciver behavior.
     * - can only run for a limited amount of time - it must start a real service 
     * for longer activity
     * - must get the power lock, must make sure it's released when all done.
     * 
     */
    /**
     * 帮助类,帮忙处理BroadcastReciver过程
     * */
    public class C2DMBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
     
        @Override
        public final void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // To keep things in one place.
            C2DMBaseReceiver.runIntentInService(context, intent);
            setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, null /* data */, null /* extra */);
        }
    }

    第三个类为C2DMessaging:

    package com.google.android.c2dm;
     
    import android.app.PendingIntent;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.SharedPreferences;
    import android.content.SharedPreferences.Editor;
     
    /**
     * Utilities for device registration.
     *
     * Will keep track of the registration token in a private preference.
     */
    /**
     * 和注册相关的一些实用函数
     * */
    public class C2DMessaging {
        public static final String EXTRA_SENDER = "sender";
        public static final String EXTRA_APPLICATION_PENDING_INTENT = "app";
        public static final String REQUEST_UNREGISTRATION_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.UNREGISTER";
        public static final String REQUEST_REGISTRATION_INTENT = "com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTER";
        public static final String LAST_REGISTRATION_CHANGE = "last_registration_change";
        public static final String BACKOFF = "backoff";
        public static final String GSF_PACKAGE = "com.google.android.gsf"; // GSF为GoogleServicesFramework.apk的缩写
     
        // package
        static final String PREFERENCE = "com.google.android.c2dm";
     
        private static final long DEFAULT_BACKOFF = 30000;
     
        /**
         * Initiate c2d messaging registration for the current application
         */
        public static void register(Context context, String senderId) {
            Intent registrationIntent = new Intent(REQUEST_REGISTRATION_INTENT);
            registrationIntent.setPackage(GSF_PACKAGE);
            registrationIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_APPLICATION_PENDING_INTENT,
                    PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, new Intent(), 0));
            registrationIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_SENDER, senderId);
            context.startService(registrationIntent);
            // TODO: if intent not found, notification on need to have GSF
        }
     
        /**
         * Unregister the application. New messages will be blocked by server.
         */
        public static void unregister(Context context) {
            Intent regIntent = new Intent(REQUEST_UNREGISTRATION_INTENT);
            regIntent.setPackage(GSF_PACKAGE);
            regIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_APPLICATION_PENDING_INTENT,
                    PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, new Intent(), 0));
            context.startService(regIntent);
        }
     
        /**
         * Return the current registration id.
         * 
         * If result is empty, the registration has failed.
         * 
         * @return registration id, or empty string if the registration is not
         *         complete.
         */
        public static String getRegistrationId(Context context) {
            final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
                    PREFERENCE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            String registrationId = prefs.getString("dm_registration", "");
            return registrationId;
        }
     
        public static long getLastRegistrationChange(Context context) {
            final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
                    PREFERENCE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            return prefs.getLong(LAST_REGISTRATION_CHANGE, 0);
        }
     
        static long getBackoff(Context context) {
            final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
                    PREFERENCE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            return prefs.getLong(BACKOFF, DEFAULT_BACKOFF);
        }
     
        static void setBackoff(Context context, long backoff) {
            final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
                    PREFERENCE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            Editor editor = prefs.edit();
            editor.putLong(BACKOFF, backoff);
            editor.commit();
     
        }
     
        // package
        static void clearRegistrationId(Context context) {
            final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
                    PREFERENCE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            Editor editor = prefs.edit();
            editor.putString("dm_registration", "");
            editor.putLong(LAST_REGISTRATION_CHANGE, System.currentTimeMillis());
            editor.commit();
     
        }
     
        // package
        static void setRegistrationId(Context context, String registrationId) {
            final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(
                    PREFERENCE, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
            Editor editor = prefs.edit();
            editor.putString("dm_registration", registrationId);
            editor.commit();
     
        }
    }

    代码中已添加了部分中文注释,可以先大概了解下,等整个工程建立完了在一起解释。

    然后创建我们自己的包com.ichliebephone.c2dm,包含两个类,一个是工程的入口AndroidC2DMDemo:

    package com.ichliebephone.c2dm;
     
    import com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMessaging;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.util.Log;
     
    public class AndroidC2DMDemo extends Activity {
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
        private static final String TAG = "AndroidC2DMDemo";
        public static final String SENDER_ID = "android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com"; // 使用C2DM服务的用户账户
        public static final String MESSAGE_KEY_ONE = "msg"; // 和服务器商量好的接收消息的键值key
     
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.main);
     
            Log.v(TAG, "Start");
            // 向C2DM服务器注册
            C2DMessaging.register(this, SENDER_ID);
        }
    }

    很简单,就是开始向C2DM服务器进行注册。

    另一个类为C2DMBaseReceiver的子类C2DMReceiver:

    package com.ichliebephone.c2dm;
     
    import java.io.IOException;
    import android.app.Notification;
    import android.app.NotificationManager;
    import android.app.PendingIntent;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.util.Log;
     
    import com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBaseReceiver;
     
    //接收C2DM服务器Push的消息,包括注册返回的registration_id消息,推送的数据消息等
    public class C2DMReceiver extends C2DMBaseReceiver {
     
        private static final String TAG = "C2DMReceiver";
     
        //
        public C2DMReceiver() {
            super(AndroidC2DMDemo.SENDER_ID);
        }
     
        public C2DMReceiver(String senderId) {
            super(senderId);
            // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
        }
     
        // 接收到Push消息的回调函数
        @Override
        protected void onMessage(Context context, Intent intent) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver message");
            Bundle extras = intent.getExtras();
            if (extras != null) {
                String msg = (String) extras.get(AndroidC2DMDemo.MESSAGE_KEY_ONE);
                Log.v(TAG, "The received msg = " + msg);
                // 在标题栏上显示通知
                NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
                Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.icon, msg,
                        System.currentTimeMillis());
                PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
                        new Intent(this, AndroidC2DMDemo.class), 0);
                notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getString(R.string.app_name),
                        msg, contentIntent);
                notificationManager.notify(0, notification);
     
            }
        }
     
        @Override
        public void onError(Context context, String errorId) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver error");
        }
     
        @Override
        public void onRegistered(Context context, String registrationId)
                throws IOException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            super.onRegistered(context, registrationId);
            Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver Register");
        }
     
        @Override
        public void onUnregistered(Context context) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            super.onUnregistered(context);
            Log.v(TAG, "C2DMReceiver UnRegister");
        }
    }

    在这个类中我们主要在接收到Push的回调函数onMessage中对消息进行了接收,并且使用Notification的方式显示在状态栏上。

    我们完整的工程目录是这样的:

    工程目录
    图4 工程目录

    最后我们还要在AndroidManifest.xml中增加对应的权限等内容:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        package="com.ichliebephone.c2dm" android:versionCode="1"
        android:versionName="1.0">
        <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
     
        <!--Only this application can receive the message and registration result -->
        <!-- 设置一个权限,使只有这个应用才能接收到对应Push的消息及注册时返回的结果 -->
        <permission android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE"
            android:protectionLevel="signature"></permission>
        <uses-permission android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm.permission.C2D_MESSAGE" />
        <!-- This application has the permission to register and receive c2dm message -->
        <!-- 设置注册和接收C2DM Push消息的权限 -->
        <uses-permission android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.RECEIVE" />
        <!-- Send and registration id to the server -->
        <!-- 设置联网权限,在把registration_id发送给服务器的时候要用 -->
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
        <!-- App must have this permission to use the library -->
        <!-- 其他和获取手机中用户账户相关的权限 -->
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS" />
     
        <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
            <activity android:name=".AndroidC2DMDemo" android:label="@string/app_name">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter>
            </activity>
     
            <!-- In order to use the c2dm library, an application must declare a class 
                with the name C2DMReceiver, in its own package, extending com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBaseReceiver 
                It must also include this section in the manifest. -->
            <!-- 为了使用c2dm包com.google.android.c2dm及其对应的3个类,我们需要声明一个 继承com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBaseReceiver类的子类C2DMReceiver, 
                并且要在这声明下 -->
            <service android:name=".C2DMReceiver" />
     
            <!-- Only google service can send data messages for the app. If permission 
                is not set - any other app can generate it -->
            <!-- 谷歌的C2DM服务只为这个程序发送数据,声明对应的权限 -->
            <receiver android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.C2DMBroadcastReceiver"
                android:permission="com.google.android.c2dm.permission.SEND">
                <!-- Receive the actual message -->
                <!-- 可以接收实际的Push数据 -->
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.RECEIVE" />
                    <category android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm" />
                </intent-filter>
                <!-- Receive the registration id -->
                <!-- 可以接收注册后返回的registration_id -->
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="com.google.android.c2dm.intent.REGISTRATION" />
                    <category android:name="com.ichliebephone.c2dm" />
                </intent-filter>
            </receiver>
        </application>
    </manifest>

    因为C2DM功能只有2.2及以上的Android系统才支持,因此创建一个2.2及以上的AVD,然后在”设置->账户与同步”里还要设置好Google Account,如下图所示:

    设置Android设备中的Google账户
    图5 设置Android设备中的Google账户

    然后就可以运行程序了,我们会在DDMS输出中看到获得的registration_id:

    获得的registration_id
    图6 获得的registration_id

    如果第一次运行没有出现,试着再运行一次。

    有了registration_id,我们的服务器端就可以向C2DM端发送需要Push的数据了,这里进行简单化处理下,在Ubuntu下直接使用curl命令来模拟服务器功能向C2DM发送数据。

    我们先来获取C2DM的ClientLogin权限Auth,在Ubuntu终端下输入:

    lingaohe@lingaohe-laptop:~$ curl -d "accountType=HOSTED_OR_GOOGLE&Email=android.c2dm.demo@gmail.com&Passwd=androidc2dmdemo&service=ac2dm&source=bupt-c2dmdemo-1.0" https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin

    这个表示以POST的方式向https://www.google.com/accounts/ClientLogin发送数据,其中把Email和Passwd换成你自己在C2DM网页上注册的邮箱号和密码。

    如果你的邮箱已在C2DM网页上注册,并且密码没有错误的话就会返回需要的Auth内容:

    SID=DQAAAKYAAADcTtHbBBNcZJEOfkfVRycD_ZOIidwsQ3UwIY7cSrYWaY6uhlfo0l9gRPB-mQxP4K2T5tWiG--vWVmSTeq5p8SPwgnsYvfzj7bkNiPPIy4xRimVVfBmAHnZgLohw7gHMKi5DS6kK-Ut5tNzdTkI0I2tUDF0ryQ7MnPpI6Sj-gUCyBXmvKatHHDnNTTV78XdGIx7FYej1DyqGsPsYo3bCstHgltjv3cd2Hs7D4yrpUWHZw
    LSID=DQAAAKgAAABCpaoUE4XvxM24Cofntw1IUGx5fKxX-m7aqTL0zhunP0OjzJ2sn9ywmPa1BMZ2cF2IchuxHFLVzaSQfydAmiHZJGXLgaUorpIN6yz1e0VFWKmS6j4wGjZOos3QoJ9rkha0jKbOiHfBesADjxk-qjJ24TJ0RL-xkZHQyzS69YlA1KyzqIKjAMCzgqaDfCwhqxylJzizJksO2h8xpAFXZ38d_grm8XYZtzejiCiAMAR65A
    Auth=DQAAAKoAAACRF4pgYULnXULoWgbwfdqmMiRhfZYa1l-LW_rwGD7cofov4L4c2bVrtCOXbEbkju_hhqdAonpMkrb5icptt28fU8c-s-u1y2MXNYDxPIdQzfA2t6oI3NTmyj35MpsR1NKL4TN7ZVEn6z9NueuiKAqLHukZYh1YMGkGC8M6rVvA7AWPW36064XCQED7KLVNp_pGT00lrni7UdZKZWEy0FT-EVR-OxDyHWw6C-5Kmfkisw

    返回的内容包括SID,LSID和Auth三个部分,其中Auth是我们需要的内容。

    有了Auth和registration_id值后,我们就可以继续用curl命令模拟我们自己服务器的功能向C2DM发送要推送的数据:

    lingaohe@lingaohe-laptop:~$ curl -H "Authorization:GoogleLogin auth=DQAAAKoAAACRF4pgYULnXULoWgbwfdqmMiRhfZYa1l-LW_rwGD7cofov4L4c2bVrtCOXbEbkju_hhqdAonpMkrb5icptt28fU8c-s-u1y2MXNYDxPIdQzfA2t6oI3NTmyj35MpsR1NKL4TN7ZVEn6z9NueuiKAqLHukZYh1YMGkGC8M6rVvA7AWPW36064XCQED7KLVNp_pGT00lrni7UdZKZWEy0FT-EVR-OxDyHWw6C-5Kmfkisw" -d "registration_id=APA91bGUBoSvt3G5Ny9t0IGLmIKAKYX6G6VHwSQHh3tP2fqcaQ0N4GPdKh5B3RDUHFCFF06YwT8ifOP_cOy5BAWyCLHL8d8NpuIW9AqXt9h2JSBVF2MitZA&collapse_key=1&data.msg=ichliebejiajia" https://android.apis.google.com/c2dm/send

    其中发送的数据部分为data.msg=ichliebejiajia,表示发送的数据内容为ichliebejiajia,键值为msg,键值得和Android终端上的程序统一好,以便终端上可以获取。如果发送成功,会返回一个id值,比如:

    id=0:1308623423080544%6c5c15c200000031
    lingaohe@lingaohe-laptop:~$

    这时我们的服务器就已经把数据发送给C2DM服务器了,Android设备上一会就能接收到C2DM服务器Push的数据。

    在我们的例子中我们可以看到DDMS中打印出的消息:

    获取到的Push数据
    图7 获取到的Push数据

    同时Android模拟器的状态栏上会有对应的通知显示:

    Android模拟器接收到的Push数据
    图8 Android模拟器接收到的Push数据

    这样我们就快速实现了下Android的C2DM框架的Push功能。进一步的具体解释说明及服务器端的代码处理我们以后再学习。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaochao1234/p/3701645.html
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